CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

OPERATIONS
PCE9 - CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

TORAL, LAURON AMIEL D.

BSCE-C-3A-C
REPORT OUTLINE

Construction Operation
Construction Equipment
Equipment Selection
Types of Construction
Equipment
Construction Operation

Construction operations means

operations of any of the following
descriptions:

1. The construction, alteration, repair, extension,

demolition or dismantling of buildings or structures;
2. The construction, alteration, repair, extension or
demolition of any works forming, or to form, part of
the land, including walls, road-works, power lines,
telecommunication apparatus, aircraft runways,
docks and harbors, railways, inland waterways,
pipelines, reservoirs, water mains, wells, sewers,
industrial plant and installations for purposes of
land drainage;
Construction Operation

3. The installation in any building or structure of

systems of heating, lighting, air-conditioning,
soundproofing, ventilation, power supply, drainage,
sanitation, water supply, burglar or fire protection;
The external cleaning of buildings (other than
cleaning of any part of a building in the course of
normal maintenance) or the internal cleaning of
buildings and structures, in so far as carried out in
the course of their construction, alteration,
extension, repair or restoration;
4. The external cleaning of buildings (other than
cleaning of any part of a building in the course of
normal maintenance) or the internal cleaning of
buildings and structures, in so far as carried out in
the course of their construction, alteration,
extension, repair or restoration;
Construction Operation

5. Operations which form an integral part of, or are

preparatory to, or are for rendering complete such
operations as are described in paragraphs (a) to (d),
including site clearance, earth-moving, excavation,
tunneling and boring, laying of foundations,
erection of scaffolding, site restoration, landscaping
and the provision of roadways and other access
works;
6. Operations which form an integral part of, or are
preparatory to, or are for rendering complete, the
drilling for or extraction of minerals, oil, natural gas
or the exploration for, or exploitation of, natural
resources;
7. The haulage for hire of materials, machinery or
plant for use, whether used or not, in any of the
construction operations referred.
Construction Equipment
Construction Equipment refers to heavy-duty
vehicles, specially designed for executing
construction tasks, most frequently ones involving
earthwork operations. Theyare also known as
heavy machines, heavy trucks, heavy equipment,
engineering equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy
hydraulics. They usually comprise five equipment
systems: implement, traction, structure, power
train, control and information. Heavy equipment
functions through the mechanical advantage of a
simple machine, the ratio between input force
applied and force exerted is multiplied. Some
equipment uses hydraulic drives as a primary
source of motion.
Equipment Selection
Typically, construction equipment is used to
perform essentially repetitive operations, and can
be broadly classified according to two basic
functions:
1. Operators such as cranes, graders, etc. which stay
within the confines of the construction site, and
2. Haulers, such as dump trucks, ready mixed
concrete truck, etc. which transport materials to
and from the site.
In both cases, the cycle of a piece of equipment is
a sequence of tasks which is repeated to produce
a unit of output. For example, the sequence of
tasks for a crane might be to fit and install a wall
panel on the side of the building; similarly, the
sequence of task of a ready mixed concrete truck
might be to load, haul and unload one truck load
of fresh concrete.
Equipment Selection
One of the most important tasks in the pre-
construction planning process is equipment
selection. There are many variables to consider
when selecting equipment. Following factors
should be considered at the time of selecting
construction equipment:
1. The equipment should be standard equipment if
possible.
2. It should give the best service at low cost.
3. Its unit cost of production should be moderate.
4. It should be easily repairable with low shutdown
period.
5. It should be easily disposed off.
6. It should suit the majority of the requirements of the
job.
7. It should be capable of doing more than one function.
8. It should be of moderate size, as they have fewer
moving parts and have low working cost.
 Not everyone is fit to operate equipment. If you wish to operate
Heavy Equipment equipment, one must undergo training. The purpose of the program is
Operation to familiarize and prepare the operator of the usage and specialties of
the equipment in the different maintenance job in forestry, trucking,
earth moving, or construction industries. Through intensive shop and
field oriented courses, students are introduced to a variety of heavy
equipment and learn to operate and maintain, repair and rebuild it.
Emphasis is placed on the maintenance of drive train, running gear,
external engine components, and hydraulic systems, as well as on the
proper operation of bulldozers, trucks, pay- loaders, backhoes, and
other heavy equipment.
 Types of Construction Equipment

1. Earth Moving Equipment

2. Construction Vehicle
3. Material Handling Equipment
4. Construction Equipment
Earth Moving Equipment

Earth moving equipment are large, heavy duty

vehicles that are often seen in the mining and
construction sites to move and relocate heavy
materials, rocks, and mud, dirt and debris or
lumber. The following are examples of earth
moving equipment:

Excavator - a construction vehicle used to

excavate or move large objects.
Grader - mostly been used in road
construction for construction and
maintenance of dirt roads and gravel roads.
Loader - a heavy machine frequently used in
construction industry, mainly used to load
material (such as demolition waste, feed,
gravel, raw minerals, rock, and plywood) into
or onto another type of machinery (such as
a dump truckload)
Earth Moving Equipment

Backhoe - a section of excavating

equipment or digger consisting of a digging
bucket on the end of a two-part articulated
arm.
Crawler Loader - The crawler loader
combines the stability of the crawler tractor
with the abilities of a wheel loader. However,
to construct a reliable crawler loader it
requires more than simply attaching a
loader bucket onto a crawler tractor.
Bulldozer - a crawler (continuous tracked
tractor) with a substantial metal plate
used(known as blade) fitted to push large
amounts of soil, sand, dirt or other materials
when construction or remodeling and
usually push on the back with a claw
mechanism (known as ripper) to loosen
densely-compacted materials.
Earth Moving Equipment

Ditcher - similar to excavator in the sense

that penetrate the soil, break soil and rock,
and from the earth, differing in that the soil
is removed in one continuous movement.
Scraper - is a large piece of equipment used
in mining, construction, agriculture and
other earth moving applications.
Loading Shovel - loaded where it counts,
pushing the frontend bucket loader
efficiency higher. From mini loaders to large
production machines, find the right fit for
the work in load and carry operations, civil &
building construction, earth moving, waste
handling, recycling, landscaping, quarrying,
aggregates, block handling, lumber yards,
agriculture and more.
Construction Vehicle

Construction vehicles are designed huge to

transport engineering materials from one place
to another.

Tipper - suited for the rough and tumble of

mining & quarrying operations, as well as for
carrying bulk loads in construction and
infrastructure industries.
Trailer - an unpowered vehicle towed by a
powered vehicle, commonly used for the
transport of goods and materials.
Tank truck - a motor vehicle designed to
carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases
on roads.
Material Handling
Equipment
Material handling equipment are used to assist
other equipment by conveying, hoisting and
lifting, and others. The following are example of
handling equipment:

Crane - commonly employed in the

transport industry for the loading and
unloading of goods for the movement of
materials and manufacturing industries for
mounting agricultural machinery, in the
construction industry.
Conveyor - mainly useful in applications
involving the transportation of heavy or
bulky materials.
Material Handling
Equipment
Hoist - a device for raising or lowering a load
by means of a drum or wheel lift to which
wraps the rope or chain.
Forklift truck - available in many variations
and load capacities. In a typical warehouse
setting most forklifts used have load
capacities between one to five tons. Larger
machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are
used for lifting heavier loads.
Construction Equipment

These are equipment used in the construction

site to ease the labor of mixing, compacting and
the like. The following are examples:

Concrete Mixer - a machine that combines

cement evenly to form aggregates such as
sand or graveland water to concrete.
Compactor - a machine or mechanism
used to material soil through compaction in
construction industry.
Road roller - a compactor type engineering
vehicleused to compact soil, gravel,
concrete, or asphalt in the construction of
roads and foundations, similar rollers are
used also at landfills or in agriculture.
Paver - an engineering vehicle used to lay
asphalt on roadways.
Construction Tools and
Equipment
Air compressors and pumps are widely used as
the power sources for construction tools and
equipment. Common pneumatic construction
tools include drills, hammers, grinders, saws,
wrenches, staple guns, sand blasting guns and
concrete vibrators. Pumps are used to supply
water or to dewater at construction sites and to
provide water jets for some types of
construction.
Reference:
https://www.scribd.com/document/373004446/Construction-
Equipment-Operation-and-Management
THANK
YOU!!!