CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND

MAINTENANCE
Presented by:

Group 6
CONTENT
1 Applicable Construction Equipment

2 Equipment Utilization

3 Equipment Acquisition

4 Equipment Maintenance
APPLICABLE
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
Construction equipment today is specifically designed by the
manufacturer to perform certain mechanical operations that
accomplish a work activity.

Working capacity is a direct function of the size of the

machine and the power of the motor. These simple
relationships exist — the larger the machine, the more power
required for the operation, the greater the production capacity,
and the greater the cost to own and operate.
 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT

Earth Moving Construction Material Handling Construction

Equipment Vehicles Equipment Equipment
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT

• Excavators
Excavators are popular earth-moving vehicles that feature a
bucket, arm, rotating cab, and movable tracks. These
components provide superior digging power and mobility,
allowing this heavy equipment to perform various functions,
from digging trenches and breaking holes to lifting away
waste and excavating mines.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
2. Backhoe
A backhoe — also called a rear actor or back actor
— is excavating equipment, or digger, consisting of
a digging bucket on the end of a two-part
articulated arm. It is typically mounted on the back
of a tractor or front loader, the latter forming a
“backhoe loader.” The design allows for greater
flexibility and maneuverability in confined spaces
compared to an excavator.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
3. Loaders
A loader is a heavy equipment machine
used in construction to move aside or load
materials such as Asphalt, demolition
debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw
minerals, recycled material, rock, sand,
woodchips, etc. into or onto another type of
machinery (such as a dump truck, conveyor
belt, feed-hopper, or railroad car).
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
4. Bulldozers
A bulldozer is a large and heavy tractor equipped
with a substantial metal plate used to push large
quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other material
during construction or conversion work and
typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like
device to loosen densely compacted materials.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
5. Skid Steer Loaders

A skid loader, skid-steer loader, or skidsteer

is a small, rigid-frame, engine-powered
multipurpose piece of construction
equipment often used for digging with lift
arms that can attach to various labor-saving
tools or attachments.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
6. Trenchers
A trencher is a piece of construction
equipment used to dig trenches, especially
for laying pipes or electrical cables,
installing drainage, or preparing for trench
warfare. Trenchers may range in size from
walk-behind models to attachments for a
skid loader or tractor to very heavy tracked
heavy equipment.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
7. Motor Scrapers
In civil engineering, a Motor-scraper or
Wheeled Tractor Scraper is a piece of heavy
equipment used for earthmoving. The
scraper can transport its load to the fill area
where the blade is raised, the back panel of
the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically
pushed forward, and the soil or clay load
tumbles out.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
8. Crawler Loaders

Crawler loaders are heavy-duty earth-

moving machines that give you a dozer’s
enormous power and heavy loading and
lifting capacity. They can be used to deposit
material much higher than wheel loaders or
standard track excavators.
EARTH MOVING
EQUIPMENT
9. Wheeled Loading Shovel
A wheeled loading shovel is a vehicle attached with
a shovel designed to perform heavy-duty tasks in
earthwork and construction operations. It is used to
transport materials from one place to another. It is
equipped with a front-mounted bucket supported by
a boom structure. For lifting, it loads the material
into the bucket by the forward motion of the
machine. After lifting the material, it transports the
materials to their respective destination.
CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES
CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES
• Dumpers
A dumper is a vehicle designed for carrying bulk
material, often on building sites. Dumpers are
distinguished from dump trucks by configuration: a
dumper is usually an open 4-wheeled vehicle with
the load skip in front of the driver, while a dump
truck has its cab in front of the load.
They are particularly useful for hauling heavy loads
of materials such as mining ore, coal, or large
quantities of earth for major construction projects
CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES
2. Tippers

A dump truck, also known as a dumper truck or

tipper truck, is used for taking dumps for
construction and coal. A tipper is a heavy-duty
truck chassis fitted with an open-top body, used
for carrying aggregate, crushed rock, soil, and
other bulk materials to and from construction
sites.
CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES
3. Trailers

A trailer is an unpowered vehicle towed by a

powered vehicle. It is commonly used for the
transport of goods and materials. Sometimes
recreational vehicles, travel trailers, or mobile
homes with limited living facilities where people
can camp or stay have been referred to as trailers.
 MATERIAL
HANDLING UNIT
MATERIAL
HANDLING UNIT
1. Cranes

A crane is a machine, generally equipped with a

hoist rope, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that
can be used to lift and lower materials and move
them horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting
heavy things and transporting them to other
places.
MATERIAL
HANDLING UNIT
2. Conveyors
A conveyor system is a common piece of
mechanical handling equipment that moves
materials from one location to another. Conveyors
are especially useful in applications involving the
transport of heavy or bulky materials.
MATERIAL
HANDLING UNIT
3. Forklifts
A forklift is a powered industrial truck used to lift
and move materials over short distances. In the
early 20th century, the forklift was developed by
various companies, including Clark, which made
transmissions, and Yale & Towne Manufacturing,
which made hoists.
MATERIAL
HANDLING UNIT
3. Hoist
A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a
load utilizing a drum or lift-wheel around which
rope or chain wraps. It may be manually operated,
electrically, or pneumatically driven and may use
chain, fiber, or wire rope as its lifting medium.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
1. Concrete Mixers
A concrete mixer (often commonly called a
cement mixer) is a device that homogeneously
combines cement, aggregate such as sand or
gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical
concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the
components. For more minor volume works,
portable concrete mixers are often used to make
the concrete at the construction site, giving the
workers ample time to use the concrete before it
hardens.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
2. Road Making Machines

These are the various machines used in the

construction of roads. Though they are available
in varying sizes to be applicable in small and
large construction sites, they are generally
considered heavy-duty equipment.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
3. Road Rollers
A road roller is a compactor-type engineering
vehicle used to compact soil, gravel, concrete, or
Asphalt in constructing roads and foundations.
Similar rollers are also used at landfills or in
agriculture. Road rollers are frequently referred to
as steamrollers, regardless of their method of
propulsion
EQUIPMENT
UTILIZATION
 EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION
Sometimes referred to as asset utilization, is a measurement of the use and performance of site
machinery, which assists businesses to improve jobsite productivity and reduce the cost of
equipment rental and project delays. Heavy equipment utilization refers to the extent to which
equipment is effectively utilized on a construction site. Proper utilization ensures that equipment is
working at its full potential, minimizing downtime and maximizing productivity. Effective
utilization is essential for completing projects within deadlines and budget constraints.
 IMPORTANCE OF EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION

MAXIMIZING COST TIMELY PROJECT RESOURCE ALLOCATION

PRODUCTIVITY REDUCTION COMPLETION

SAFETY ENHANCEMENT COSTUMER PREVENTIVE OPERATIONAL

SATISFACTION MAINTENANCE EFFICIENCY
MAXIMIZING PRODUCTIVITY
Effective equipment utilization ensures that machinery is utilized to
its fullest potential, minimizing downtime and maximizing output.
This directly contributes to enhanced productivity on construction
sites.

COST REDUCTION:
Optimizing equipment utilization leads to cost savings by avoiding
unnecessary expenses associated with underutilized assets. By
effectively utilizing assets, companies can minimize overhead costs
and reduce the need for additional equipment rentals. This leads to
long-term cost savings and improved profitability for construction
businesses.
TIMELY PROJECT COMPLETION
Proper utilization of heavy equipment ensures that projects are
completed within deadlines. Minimizing downtime and maximizing
productivity contribute to timely project delivery, meeting client
expectations and contractual obligations.

RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Effective equipment utilization allows construction companies to
allocate resources efficiently. By understanding equipment
utilization patterns, companies can optimize inventory management
and make informed decisions regarding equipment rentals or
purchases.
SAFETY ENHANCEMENT
Maintaining optimal equipment utilization contributes to a safer
working environment. Overutilization of equipment can lead to
fatigue and increased risk of accidents. By ensuring proper
utilization, safety standards can be upheld, minimizing workplace
incidents.

COSTUMER SATISFACTION
Completing projects on time and within budget enhances customer
satisfaction. Satisfied clients are more likely to provide positive
reviews, referrals, and repeat business opportunities. Optimal
equipment utilization contributes to meeting or exceeding client
expectations.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Tracking equipment utilization allows for proactive maintenance
planning. Identifying patterns of downtime enables companies to
schedule preventive maintenance during planned downtime,
reducing the risk of unplanned equipment failures and project
delays.

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Improving equipment utilization contributes to overall operational
efficiency. It allows companies to streamline workflows, minimize
idle time, and maximize the utilization of available resources,
leading to smoother project execution and higher profitability.
 STEP IN EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION

1 2 3 4
ASSESS THE PROJECT RESOURCE SCHEDULING CALCULATIONS
REQUIREMENT PLANNING

5 6 7
MAINTENANCE AND IMPLEMENT MONITOR AND ADJUST
INSPECTION STRATEGIES OF
OPTIMIZATION
STEP 1: ASSESS THE PROJECT
REQUIREMENT
Identify the specific equipment requirements for the project based on
the scope of work, site conditions, and timeline.

STEP 2: RESOURCE PLANNING

Develop a comprehensive plan for the deployment and utilization of
equipment throughout the project lifecycle.

STEP 3: SCHEDULING
Create a detailed schedule for the use of equipment, ensuring that it
aligns with the overall project timeline and sequence of tasks.
STEP 5: MAINTENANCE AND
INSPECTION
Identify the specific equipment requirements for the project based on the
scope of work, site conditions, and timeline.

STEP 6: IMPLEMENT STRATEGIES OF

OPTIMIZATION
Implement strategies to improve equipment utilization.Continuously
evaluate equipment utilization and identify opportunities for
improvement.

STEP 7: MONITOR AND ADJUST

Continuously monitor equipment utilization rates and track improvements
over time. Regularly review utilization data to identify any changes or
trends that may require adjustment to optimization strategies.
 FACTORS AFFECTING EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION

PROJECT SCOPE AND EQUIPMENT SITE CONDITIONS OPERATOR

SIZE AVAILABILITY AND PROFICIENCY
RELIABILITY

TECHNOLOGY AND MAINTENANCE AND PROJECT SCHEDULING MATERIAL

INNOVATION REPAIRS AVAILABILITY
RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGIES
DYNAMIC EQUIPMENT REALLOCATION
Construction companies can use real-time equipment utilization data to dynamically
reallocate equipment between job sites based on demand.

ADJUSTING PROJECT SCHEDULES

By analyzing equipment usage patterns, companies can identify opportunities to optimize
project timelines and allocate equipment more effectively.

INVESTING IN ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT

quipment utilization data can also inform decisions regarding investments in additional
equipment. If analysis reveals consistently high utilization rates for certain types of equipment or
frequent instances of equipment shortages, companies may decide to invest in additional
machinery to meet demand.
TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
TELEMATICS
Telematics involves the use of GPS technology and onboard
sensors to collect real-time data from construction
equipment. Telematics systems can track equipment
location, usage patterns, fuel consumption, engine
performance, and other operational metrics. By accessing
this data remotely through a centralized dashboard or
software platform, project managers can monitor equipment
utilization in real-time, identify potential issues, and
optimize equipment deployment.
TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
EQUIPMENT TRACKING SYSTEMS
Equipment tracking systems provide acomprehensive
solution for monitoring and managing construction
equipment. These systems utilize RFID tags, barcodes, or
GPS technology to track equipment movement, usage, and
maintenance history. This level of visibility allows project
managers to make informed decisions regarding equipment
allocation, maintenance scheduling, and resource
optimization.
TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
IOT DEVICES (INTERNET OF THINGS)
IoT devices such as sensors and connected equipment enable
construction companies to collect and analyze vast amounts
of data in real-time. These devices can monitor equipment
health, performance, and usage metrics, providing valuable
insights into equipment utilization patterns. By deploying
IoT devices on construction equipment, companies can
detect inefficiencies, predict maintenance needs, and
optimize equipment utilization to maximize productivity and
minimize downtime.
EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION
 EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION
It refers to the process of obtaining or purchasing equipment needed
for a particular purpose or operation.

Equipment acquisition involves various steps such as identifying

the specific equipment needs, researching available options, evaluating
costs and quality, negotiating with suppliers, and ultimately procuring
the chosen equipment.
It is an essential aspect of business operations, particularly in
industries where specialized equipment is necessary for production,
construction, or service delivery. Proper equipment acquisition is
crucial for ensuring efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness in
many sectors.
 STEPS IN ACQUIRING AN EQUIPMENT

NEEDS PROCUREMENT QUALITY TRAINING AND

ASSESSMENT PROCESS ASSURANCE FAMILIARIZATION
 NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Before acquiring equipment for a construction project, it's crucial
to thoroughly evaluate what's needed. This involves looking closely
at the project's requirements, like how big it is, how long it'll take,
and how much money is available. We also need to figure out exactly
what kind and how many pieces of equipment are necessary for the
job. Keep these factors in mind as you assess
This means considering things like what tasks need to be done your equipment needs:
and what tools are best for doing them efficiently. By taking the time
to understand these needs upfront, we can make smarter decisions • Equipment Versatility
about which equipment to get, ultimately saving time and money in • Associated Costs
the long run. • Work Conditions
• Storage Capacity
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
PROCUREMENT
PROCESS
 PROCUREMENT
PROCESS

Once we've figured out what equipment we need, the next step is to actually get it.
This involves going through a process called procurement. During procurement,
we'll either buy or rent the equipment from suppliers or rental companies. This
means we'll need to talk to different companies to see who can give us the best deal.
We'll negotiate things like the price, when the equipment will be delivered, and
what kind of support they'll provide if something goes wrong.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS

1. Straight Rental of Equipment (Short-Term Rental)

A straight rental agreement is when a company or individual leases equipment for a

short period of time without extra services. The lessee pays a fixed rental fee
monthly. They usually handle maintenance, repairs, insurance, and other costs.
Straight rentals are simple and popular for short-term needs or when the lessee
wants to manage the equipment alone.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS

2. Straight Lease of Equipment (Long-Term Rental)

A straight lease is when a company or individual rents equipment for a set period
without the option to buy it afterward. Unlike lease-to-own deals, straight leases don't
usually let you buy the equipment later. Instead, you pay a fixed monthly rental fee for
the lease period, based on factors like the equipment's value and lease length. The
owner keeps ownership during the lease and handles maintenance, repairs, and
insurance, though this can vary.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS

2. Straight Lease of Equipment (Long-Term Rental)

A straight lease is when a company or individual rents equipment for a long period of
time without the option to buy it afterward. Unlike lease-to-own deals, straight leases
don't usually let you buy the equipment later. Instead, you pay a fixed monthly rental
fee for the lease period, based on factors like the equipment's value and lease length.
The owner keeps ownership during the lease and handles maintenance, repairs, and
insurance, though this can vary.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS

3. Cash Purchase of Equipment

A cash purchase means buying equipment outright with money you already have, like
cash, a check, or electronic transfer, without borrowing or financing. You pay the full
price upfront, either from your own funds or company reserves. This method has
benefits like avoiding interest costs, having full ownership immediately, and making
the transaction simpler without financing or credit checks. Plus, you can start using the
equipment right away.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS

4. Rental Purchase of Equipment (Rent-to-Own)

A rent-to-own agreement is when a lessee rents equipment for a short period of time
and can buy it at the end of the rental period. They make regular payments (monthly or
quarterly), which often include part of the equipment's purchase price. The lessee can
use the equipment during the lease, but the lessor owns it until the purchase option is
used. At the end of the lease, the lessee can buy the equipment for a set price, known as
the residual value or buyout amount.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS

5. Lease Purchase of Equipment (Lease-to-Own)

A lease purchase agreement blends leasing and purchasing. The lessee pays regular
lease payments for equipment use over a period of time, with the choice to buy the
equipment later at a fixed price. During the lease, payments may include interest, like a
normal lease. But unlike a typical lease where the equipment is returned, a lease
purchase lets the lessee buy the equipment if they want.
 COMMON EQUIPMENT
ACQUISITION METHODS
6. Purchase W /Trade or Buyback Guaranteed
This refers to a buying setup where the buyer gets a new item while either trading in their
old one or locking in a price for the new item to be bought back later.
In this setup, the buyer talks with the seller or maker to swap their current gear for a new
one. This helps the buyer by reducing the cost of the new gear with the value of their old
one or by ensuring the future resale value of the new item.
These arrangements offer financial flexibility and reassurance to buyers, especially when
the resale value of the new gear is uncertain or when they want to upgrade regularly without
covering the full cost each time.
 QUALITY
ASSURANCE
 QUALITY ASSURANCE

After we've decided on the equipment we're going to use, the next important
step is to make sure it's in good condition and works properly. This is what we
call quality assurance. Essentially, we're checking to see if the equipment is safe
and reliable before we start using it. This involves thoroughly inspecting each
piece of equipment to make sure there are no problems or defects. We want to
make sure it's going to do its job without breaking down or causing any
accidents. By doing this quality check before we start using the equipment, we
can avoid any delays or issues that might come up later during the project.
 TRAINING AND
FAMILIARIZATION
 TRAINING AND
FAMILIARIZATION
Before using the equipment for the construction project, it's important for the team to get
trained and become familiar with how it works. This means they need to learn how to operate
the equipment safely and effectively.
Training sessions will cover things like how to use the controls, what to do in case of
emergencies, and how to perform basic maintenance tasks. The goal of this training is to
make sure everyone knows how to use the equipment properly, so they can do their jobs
safely and efficiently.
By taking the time to get trained and familiarized with the equipment, the team can avoid
accidents and work more effectively, which ultimately helps the project run smoothly.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
• Proper maintenance of construction equipment is important
for maximizing usage, enhancing safety, and minimizing
downtime.
• Regular inspections are key to preventing delays and injuries.
Additional Point:
• Maintenance and repairs typically represent the largest portion
of operating expenses for construction equipment due to
varying levels of wear and tear based on equipment and job
conditions.
MAINTAINING EQUIPMENT
BEFORE USING:

Check for damage outside and

inside

Check fluid levels

Check battery life

Walk around the equipment and

check for any hazards
MAINTAINING EQUIPMENT
WHEN USING:

Listen for any unusual noises

when starting the equipment

Ensure all gauges are working

properly

Check that lights, brakes and

steering are functioning

Note any changes from previous

uses
MAINTAINING EQUIPMENT
AT THE END OF USE:

Park and store equipment safely

Top up fuel

Wash vehicle if available/required

Note any new damage or changes

to operation from use
 WHEN TO RETIRE AND
REPLACE EQUIPMENT

Age and Usage Repair Costs

Manufacturer guidelines will indicate how If a machine is costing more in repairs than the
long equipment lasts with typical use. usage you’re getting out of it, it’s likely time
to retire it
WHEN TO RETIRE AND
REPLACE EQUIPMENT
 WHEN TO RETIRE AND
REPLACE EQUIPMENT

Project Needs Safety Compliance

The needs of a construction project are As equipment gets older and outdated, there may be
constantly changing. A piece of equipment that safety issues. If the equipment doesn’t meet the
was crucial at the start of a project may be latest safety or environmental standards, it’s time to
unnecessary later on. get rid of it.
 WHEN TO RETIRE AND
REPLACE EQUIPMENT
Technological Advances

Some machinery may continue to operate well but still be considered out-of-
date. If a new piece of equipment can do the job better and more efficiently, it
may be time to replace the old one.
 Construction Equipment Management Software

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENTS HAVE ACCESS TO VARIOUS

SOFTWARE OPTIONS FOR EFFICIENTLY MANAGING AND TRACKING
THEIR EQUIPMENT. OPERATORS CAN INPUT EQUIPMENT-RELATED
INFORMATION, INCLUDING ISSUES, REPAIR REQUESTS, AND
MAINTENANCE RECORDS.
Construction Equipment Management Software

Workyard is designed specifically for construction scheduling. The

software offers a variety of features, including job scheduling,
geofencing, a GPS time clock app, the ability to track and add
notes to tasks and equipment tracking, among many other features.

TruckIT is a productivity tool to help those who manage heavy

trucks and equipment. The software is good for organizations that
use multiple software for their construction equipment
management. The software helps with fleet management,
optimizing dispatching, reporting and analytics and back office
automation.
Construction Equipment Management Software

SiteSense by Intelliwave Technologies is a materials

management construction software. SiteSense has several
different products, is used globally and integrates with several
other software. They brand themselves as the “construction
software fit for everyone.”

ONE-KEY™ is a tool and equipment tracking software.

Bluetooth tags are added to equipment to track, and then the
cloud-based software allows data input to keep track of the
location, usage and maintenance of a piece of equipment.
GROUP
MEMBERS

Francis Miguel Clima Cassanirah Lazim Chyna Jazyle Torre Francis Dave Mission
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!