11

GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 1
Week 5

Capsulized Self-Learning
Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

AUBREY MAY F. BALIGNOT, MT-I

JOCARM JOHN B. BALIGNOT, T-II
TALISAYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-SHS
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SUBJECT &
GRADE LEVEL GENERAL MATHEMATICS (Grade 11)
QUARTER FIRST WEEK 5 DAY ____________________________________
dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC INVERSE AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

• The learner solves problems involving inverse function. (M11GM-Ie-
2)
LEARNING • The learner represents real-life situations using exponential functions.
COMPETENCY (M11GM-Ie-3)
• The learner distinguishes between exponential function, exponential
equation and exponential inequalities.
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the Learner’s
Activity and Assessment Sheets provided separately.

UNDERSTAND
INVERSE AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Inverse Function

Last week, we have learned

Hello! I’m John! Me and
my friends will be with
you this week as we are
going to learn more about
inverse functions!
already about inverse function,
how to determine the inverse of a
one-to-one function and how to find
the domain and range of an inverse
function. Today, we will be solving
problems involving inverse
functions. So be ready and be
excited to learn!

Let us try with this first problem! Take note carefully the process in solving the given
problem.
Problem #1
Use inverse functions find the angle of elevation of a
camera. Hot air balloon
A camera is to take a series of photographs of a hot air
balloon rising vertically. The distance between the camera at
(B) and the launching point of the balloon (A) is 300 meters.
The camera must keep the balloon on sight and therefore its
angle of elevation t must change with the height x of the
balloon.
a) Find angle t as a function of the height x.
b) Find angle t in degrees when x is equal to 150, 300 and
600 meters. (approximate your answer to 1 decimal place).
camera
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Solution #1a. Finding the angle t as

a function of the height x.
What are you
waiting for? The opposite and the
Step 1
Let’s solve it! adjacent sides to angle t
are x and 300 meters
respectively, hence.
tan(t) = x / 300
Remember: We will
use the concept of
We now use the property
Inverse function to Step 2
of the tangent function and
solve the problem. its inverse.

tan -1(tan(x)) = x

Step 3
To rewrite the equation
tan(t) = x / 300 as follows.

tan -1(tan(t)) = tan -1(x / 300)

Simplify the left side of the above equation to
Step 4
obtain. That is the
answer! Let
t = tan -1( x / 300 ) us continue.

Solution #1b. Finding angle t in degrees when x is 150,

300 and 600
Well, this is very easy, we will just use the equation of t
derived in problem 1a and substitute the given values of x.

t = tan -1( x / 300 )

X = 150
t = tan -1( 150 / 300 )
t = tan -1( 0.5 )
t = 26.6 degrees (approximated to 1 decimal place)

t = tan -1( x / 300 )

X = 300
t = tan -1( 300 / 300 )
t = tan -1( 1 )
t = 45.0 degrees (approximated to 1 decimal place)

X = 600
t = tan -1( x / 300 )
t = tan -1( 600 / 300 )
t = tan -1( 2 )
t = 63.4 degrees (approximated to 1 decimal place)

For the camera to keep the balloon on sight the angle of

We did solve the elevation t must be 26.6 degrees if the balloon is at 150
problems by using m above the ground, 45 degrees if the balloon is at 300
the concept of m above the ground, and 63.4 degrees if the balloon is
inverse functions! at 600 m.

SAQ 1: What do you think is the angle t in degrees if x= 0?

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Problem #2

Let’s try
another Use inverse functions to find radius of right circular cone.
Five right circular cones, with the same height h = 50 cm, are
problem!
to be constructed. The volumes of these cones are to be 200,
400, and 800cm3. Find the radius of the base of each cone.

Solution #1a. Finding the radius of the of the

base of each cone

Step 1
The formula of the volume V of a
right circular cone with height h and
radius r is given by.
V = (1/3) 𝝅 r2 h

Since we need to find the radius, we need

Step 2 to solve the above equation for r to obtain.
V = (1/3) 𝝅 r2 h
𝟑𝐕
= r2
𝝅𝒉 Cross multiply
the get the
𝟑𝐕 square root of r Important Note: We can get the
r =ට𝝅𝒉 inverse of r square in this problem.

We can now calculate 𝟑𝐕

the radius of each cone V= 200 r =ට𝝅𝒉
using the formula of r
𝟑(𝟐𝟎𝟎)
r =ට 𝝅 (𝟓𝟎)

r= 1.95 cm

𝟑𝐕 𝟑𝐕
V= 400 r =ට𝝅𝒉 V= 800
r =ට𝝅𝒉

𝟑(𝟒𝟎𝟎) 𝟑(𝟖𝟎𝟎)
r =ට 𝝅 (𝟓𝟎) r =ට 𝝅 (𝟓𝟎)

r= 2.76 cm r= 3.91 cm
SAQ 2: What is the radius if V is 1600 cm3?

Let’s Practice!

(Answer on the separate sheets provided.)

A 35-foot ladder is leaning against the side of a building and is positioned such that the
base of the ladder is 21 feet from the base of the building. How far above the ground is the
point where the ladder touches the building?

Tip: Use the concept of Pythagorean Theorem and inverse of square.

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Representation of Exponential Function in Real-Life Situation

“Bawal Lumabas”! One of the most famous lines during this

pandemic. We have been given guidelines to follow in order to
control the spreading of the virus; following social distancing,
wearing facemask, and sanitizing ourselves always. But due to lack
of discipline, the spreading of virus rapidly increases.
In the previews lesson we have already learned about linear,
quadratic, rational, and inverse functions, this time we are going
to discussed exponential functions.

What is exponential function?

Exponential functions are functions of the form 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒃𝒙 for fixed base b which could
be any positive real number and characterized by their rate of growth is proportional to their
value.

How do we recognize if it is an exponential function?

➢ To identify Exponential functions it must be in the form

f(x) = b x or 𝒚 = 𝒃𝒙 where b > 0 and b ≠ 1. Just as in any
exponential expression, b is called the base and x is
called the exponent.

Exponential functions are used to model real-life situations such

as population growth, radioactive decay, carbon dating, growth of an epidemic, loan interest
rates, and investments.

Population Growth
On several instances, scientist will start with a certain
number of bacteria or animals and watch how the population grows. For example, if the
population doubles every three days, this can be represented as an exponential function.

Example: Let t = time in days. At t=0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that
the bacteria double every 100 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria as
a function of t.

Solution
Let us analyze the problem. Let us start with the initial condition: at t =0, there were 20
bacteria.
t=0 Number of bacteria = 20 = 20 (2)0
t = 100 Number of bacteria = 20 (2) = 20 (2)1
t = 200 Number of bacteria = 20 (2) (2) = 20 (2)2
t = 300 Number of bacteria = 20 (2) (2) (2) = 20 (2)3
t = 400 Number of bacteria = 20 (2) (2) (2) (2) = 20 (2)4
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SAQ 1: What are the constant variables in the third column?

SAQ 2: What is the only variable that is changing in the third column?

Notice that in the third column of the table above, the initial number of bacteria (20) and the
What is
number Digestion?
2 (which signifies double as it was stated in the problem) are always present from t
=0 to t=400. But take note, the only value that is changing is the exponent from 0 to 4. Now
examine carefully the exponent. The exponent is actually the quotient of the actual time over
the time it requires for the bacteria to double.

If we will let y be the number of bacteria at time t, yo as the initial number of bacteria at
t =0, 2 representing the word double, and t/T as the ratio representing the exponent.
Therefore, the exponential model for this problem is

y = 20 (2) t/100

Exponential Models and Population Growth.

Suppose a quantity y doubles every T units of time. If yo is the initial amount , then the
quantity y after t minutes of unit of time is given by y(t) = yo (2) t/T

Let’s Practice! (answer in the separate sheet.)

Let t = time in days. At t=0, there were initially 100 bacteria. Suppose that the
bacteria double every 8 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria at t= 24
hours.

Exponential Decay
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to
decay.

Example: Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days.

And there are 10g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 30
days.

Solution

Let t = time in days. We used the fact that the mass is halved every 10 days (from
definition of half-life). Thus we have,
t=0 Amount of substance = 10 g = 10 (1/2)0
t = 10 Amount of substance = 5 g = 10 (1/2)1
t = 20 Amount of substance = 2.5 g = 10 (1/2)2
t = 30 Amount of substance = 1.25 g = 10 (1/2)3
Therefore, the exponential model for this situation is y = 10g (1/2) t/10
Exponential Models for half life
y = yo (1/2) t/T

SAQ 3: What is the difference between the model of population growth and decay?

What is Digestion?
 6

Let’s Practice! (answer in the separate sheets provided.)

Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 2 days. And there
are 50g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 12 days.

Compound Interest
A starting amount of money (called the principal) can be invested at a certain interest
rate that is earned at the end of the given period of time (such as one year). If the interest rate
is compounded, the interest earned at the end of the period is added to the principal, and this
new amount will earn interest in the next period. The same process is repeated for each
succeeding period. Interest previously earned will also earn interest in the next period.
Example: Mrs. Dela Cruz invested 100,000 in a company that offers 6% interest
compounded annually. How much will this investment be worth at the end of each
year for the next 5 years?

Solution

Let t be the time in years. Then we have,

t=0 Investment = 100,000 = 100, 000
t=1 Investment = 100,000 (1.06) = 106,000
t=2 Investment = 106,000 (1.06) = 112,360
t=3 Investment = 112,360 (1.06) = 119, 101.60
t=4 Investment = 119, 101.60 (1.06) = 126, 247.70
t=5 Investment = 126, 247.70 (1.06) = 113, 822.56

Therefore, the exponential model for this situation is y = 100, 000 (1.06) t/1
Exponential Models for Compound Interest
If a principal P is invested at an annual rate of r ,compounded annually,
then the amount after t years is given by A = P (1+ r) t

Let’s Practice! (Answer on the separate sheets provided.)

Mr. Jose invested 20,000 in a company that offers 3% interest compounded

annually. How much will this investment be worth at the end of each year for the
next 10 years?

Natural Exponential Function

When the base, b, of the exponential function y = bx, is replaced with e, we have
the natural exponential function.
The natural exponential function may be expressed as y = ex or as y = exp(x).
In functional notation: f (x) = ex or f (x) = exp(x)
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EXPONENTIAL: FUNCTION, EQUATION AND INEQUALITIES

An exponential expressions is an expression in the form of 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑 , where b

> 0, b ≠ 1. Take note that the exponent must be a variable (like x in the above expression).
But exponential expression can either be a function, equation or inequality. So how are we
going to identify each?
Let us have a simple activity! Look carefully at the exponential expressions below.

4𝑥−1 = 16x y = 2x 2x ≥ 26

a. b. c.

• First, look at the sign separating the variables in both sides of each expression.

SAQ 1: Which expression do you think has unique sign that separates
the variables in both sides of the equation?

In both expressions a and b, the “equality sign” separates the variables

in both sides of the equation while in expression c, it is the “inequality sign”
that separates the variables in both sides of the equation. Because of this,
expression c can be easily identified. Expression c is actually called the
Exponential Inequality.

Exponential Inequality – inequality involving exponential expressions

Take note of this sign

2x ≥ 26
More examples of Exponential Inequality:
𝟓𝟐𝒙−𝟏 − 𝟓𝒙 > 0
𝟒𝒙−𝟏 < 𝟒𝟓𝒙−𝟏

• Next, let us compare expressions a and b further.

SAQ 2: Which among the two exponential expression have two
variables involved (variables x and y)?

Examining carefully exponential expressions a and b, it can noticed that exponential

expression b has two variables: the x and the y variables. This exponential expression is
called Exponential Function.
Exponential Function – function of the form f (x) = bx , where b > 0, b ≠ 1.

Take note of this sign

y = 2x or f(x) = 2x
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More examples of Exponential Function:

𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟓𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝟓𝟐𝒙−𝟏
𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙+𝟏

𝟒𝒙−𝟏 < 𝟒𝟓𝒙−𝟏

Expression a is an example of Exponential equation with “equality sign” separating the
variables in both sides of the equation and with only one variable (x variable) in the expression.

Exponential Equation – equation involving exponential expressions

Take note of this sign

𝟒𝒙−𝟏 = 16x
More examples of Exponential Function:
𝟐𝟓𝒙 = 𝟓𝟐𝒙−𝟏
𝟒𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝟒𝒙−𝟏 < 𝟒𝟓𝒙−𝟏
Important Notes:
• An exponential equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy
the equation or inequality.
• An exponential function is not solved, rather, it expresses a relationship between
two variables (such as x and y), can be represented by a table of values or a
graph.

Let’s Practice!
(Answer on the separate sheets provided.)

Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an exponential equation, or an

exponential inequality or none of these.

1. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑

2. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙

3. 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙

4. 𝟐𝟐 (𝟓𝒙+𝟏 ) = 𝟓𝟎𝟎

5. 625 ≥ 𝟓𝒙+𝟖

REMEMBER
Key Points

• In solving problem using the concept of inverse function, analyze carefully what kind of
function is involved. Then determine what is the inverse of that function involve. Just like
in the sample problems, we solved for the inverse of tangent and inverse of square.
 9

• Exponential functions are functions of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 for fixed base b which could be
any positive real number and characterized by their rate of growth is proportional to their
value.
• To identify Exponential functions it must be in the form
• f(x) = b x or 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 where b > 0 and b ≠ 1. Just as in any exponential expression, b is
called the base and x is called the exponent.
• Suppose a quantity y doubles every T units of time. If y o is the initial amount, then the
quantity y after t minutes of unit of time is given by y(t) = yo (2) t/T
• Exponential Models for half-life is given by y = yo (1/2) t/T
• If a principal P is invested at an annual rate of r, compounded annually, then the amount
after t years is given by A = P (1+ r) t
• Natural Exponential Function is the function f(x) = ex.
• Exponential expressions can either be exponential function, exponential equation or
exponential inequality.
• Exponential Inequality – inequality involving exponential expressions
• Exponential Function – function of the form f (x) = bx , where b > 0, b ≠ 1.
• Exponential Equation – equation involving exponential expressions

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
(Answer on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment Sheets.)
Assessment 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE
A. Direction: Write only the letter of your answer.
For items 1 and 2, refer to the figure below:

The rectangle PQRS represents the floor of a room.

1. Ivan stands at point A. Calculate the distance of Ivan from the corner R of the room.
A. 4.12 m
B. 4.47 m
C. 4.36 m
D. 4.89 m

2. Ivan stands at point A. Calculate the distance of Ivan from the corner S of the room.
A. 10.77
B. 9.12
C. 11.6
D. 8.4

3. A 25-foot tall flagpole casts a 42 foot shadow. What is the angle that the sun hits the
flagpole? The angle that the sun hits the flagpole is x∘. (Note: use the inverse tangent
ratio)
 10

A. 35.11 degrees
B. 44.12 degrees
C. 51.7 degrees
D. 59.2 degrees
4. Elise is standing on top of a 50 foot building and sees her friend, Molly. If Molly is 30
feet away from the base of the building, what is the angle of depression from Elise to
Molly? Elise’s eye height is 4.5 feet.

A. 61.2 degrees
B. 45.3 degrees
C. 37.1 degrees
D. 71.7 degrees
5. Shane marched 3 m east and 6 m north. How far is he from his starting point?
A. 9 m
B. 5.14 m
C. 6.71 m
D. 12 m
Assessment 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE
A. Direction: Write only the letter of your answer.
1. Let t = time in days. At t=0, there were initially 100 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria
double every 5 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria at t= 100 hours.
A. y = 100 (2) t/100
B. y = 100 (2) t/5
C. y = 5 (2) 100/5
D. y = 100 (2) 100/5
2. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 7 days. And there are
20g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 42 days.
A. y = 20g (1/2) 7/42
B. y = 20g (1/2) 42/7
C. y = 7g (1/2) 7/42
D. y = 7g (1/2) 42/7
3. Mr. Reyes invested 250,000 in a company that offers 7% interest compounded
annually. How much will this investment be worth at the end of each year for the next
5 years?
A. y = 250, 000 (1.7) 5/1
B. y = 250, 000 (1.7) 5/1
C. y = 250, 000 (1.07) 5/1
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D. y = 250, 000 (1.07) 5/1

4. Let t = time in days. At t=0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria
triple every 8 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria at t= 48 hours.
A. y = 20 (3) 8/48
B. y = 20 (3) 48/8
C. y = 20 (3) 48
D. y = 20 (3) 8
5. Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days. And there are
50g initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 60 days.
A. y = 50g (1/2) 10/60
B. y = 50g (1/2) 60/10
C. y = 50g (1/2) 60
y = 50g (1/2) 10

Assessment 3 MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Direction: Write only the letter of your answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of exponential expressions?
A. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙𝟐
B. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟒𝟑𝒙−𝟏
C. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙+𝟐
D. 𝟒 = 𝟐𝒙
2. Which of the following is an example of exponential function?
A. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙𝟐
B. 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒𝟑𝒙−𝟏
C. 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙+𝟐
D. 𝟒 = 𝟐𝒙
3. Which of the following is an example of exponential inequality?
A. 𝒇 (𝒙) ≥ 𝟓𝒙𝟐
B. 𝒇 (𝒙) ≥ 𝟒𝟑𝒙−𝟏
C. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙+𝟐
D. 𝟒 = 𝟐𝒙
4. Which of the following is an example of exponential equation?
A. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙𝟐
B. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟒𝟑𝒙−𝟏
C. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙+𝟐
D. 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐𝟒
5. Which of the following is an example of exponential expressions?
A. 𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙𝟐
B. 𝒇 (𝒙) > 𝟒𝟑𝒙−𝟏
C. 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟐𝟔
D. 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐
"Give a practical example of the use of inverse functions. no" eNotes
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<https://www.google.com/search?q=kid+talking+image&tbm=isch
&ved=2ahUKEwjllMqTws7qAhUuxIsBHWIhDQUQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=kid+talking+image&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICC
AAyBggAEAcQHjoICAAQCBAHEB5Q2OUCWKv9AmCFgANoAX
AAeACAAaIBiAGuCJIBAzAuOJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1
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Problems (Examples, Solutions, Answers, Videos). [online]
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Google Docs. 2020. General Math.Pdf. [online] Available at:

<https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9Eg9DdzmSYCa2p4TWxJWF
JhUTg/view> [Accessed 16 July 2020].

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<https://www.google.com/search?q=kid+presenting+image&tbm=i
sch&ved=2ahUKEwi3iYbwg8_qAhXFAKYKHQ2HB6cQ2-
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oGCAAQBxAeOggIABAIEAcQHlCtyAVYttUFYJXXBWgAcAB4AI
ABrQGIAb8KkgEEMC4xMJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&s
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school-shs-teaching-guide/> [Accessed 15 July 2020].
This learning resource (CapSLET) contains copyrighted materials. The
use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We
are developing this CapSLET in our efforts to provide printed and e-copy
learning resources available for our learners in reference to the learning
Disclaimer: continuity plan of this division in this time of pandemic.
This CapSLET is not intended for uploading nor for commercial use. This
will be utilized for educational purposes only by DepEd , Zamboanga City
Division.

LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

AUBREY MAY F. BALIGNOT – TALISAYAN NHS-SENIOR HIGH
WRITER
JOCARM JOHN B. BALIGNOT- TALISAYAN NHS-SENIOR HIGH
LEARNING TEAM / Mercelita M. Medallo Dr. Deborah E. Bandahala
EVALUATORS Enrico P. Miniao Dr. Dickenson L. Canizares
MANAGEMENT Dr. Roy C. Tuballa, CESO VI Dr. Mildred D. Dayao
AND SPECIALIST Dr. Oliver B. Talaoc Dr. Vilma A. Brown

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

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