‭Questions 1-5‬

‭Do the following statements‬‭agree‬‭with the information‬‭given in Reading Passage ? In‬

‭boxes 1-5 on your answer, write‬
‭TRUE‬ ‭if the statement agrees with the information‬
‭FALSE‬ ‭if the statement contradicts the‬‭information‬
‭NOT GIVEN‬ ‭if there is no information on this‬
‭1‬‭The TF Nextstage stores planned to sell products‬‭to make life easier for older people‬
‭2‬‭TF’s market research indicated that people liked‬‭the products.‬
‭3‬‭It cost more than expected to remodel the TF stores.‬
‭4‬‭The TF Nextstage coffee shops sold their own brand‬‭of‬‭food and drink‬‭.‬
‭5‬‭TF Nextstage customers liked the atmosphere in the‬‭new stores‬

‭Questions 6 -13‬

‭Complete the notes below.‬

‭Choose‬‭NO MORE‬‭THAN TWO WORDS‬‭from the passage for‬‭each answer.‬
‭Write your answers in boxes 6-13 on your answer sheet‬
‭Feedback from experts‬
‭Donna Sturgess‬
‭Problems with customer research:‬
‭●‬ ‭TF team limited their research to attitudes that occur at a‬‭6…‬ ‭level in‬
‭customers’ minds‬
‭●‬ ‭TF didn’t consider customers’ emotions‬
‭How my company dealt with a similar problem:‬
‭●‬ ‭Product: Alli‬
‭●‬ ‭Use: help people achieve‬‭7 …‬
‭●‬ ‭Marketing aim: help customers see the product a positive way by:‬
‭●‬ ‭Giving the product a‬‭8…‬ ‭that seems helpful and supportive‬
‭●‬ ‭Giving the product a reusable‬‭9 …‬
‭Market research‬
‭●‬ ‭Does not need to be complex‬
‭●‬ ‭Good information can come from interviews or studying the‬‭10…‬ ‭of‬
‭consumers in the home‬
‭Alex Lee‬
‭Problem:‬
‭●‬ ‭Customers are attracted to the ideal not the reality, e.g. ads for surf gear‬
‭How my company dealt with a similar problem:‬
‭●‬ ‭We organised‬‭11…‬‭to‬‭find‬‭out what images customers‬‭associate with our‬
‭products‬
‭●‬ ‭We do not call our products helping tools in our marketing campaigns‬
‭Market research:‬
‭●‬ ‭Can be basic, e.g. by doing‬‭12 …‬
‭●‬ ‭Company executives‬‭should‬‭follow their‬‭13 …‬
‭QUESTIONS 14-17‬

‭Reading Passage has seven paragraphs,‬‭A-G‬‭.‬

‭Which paragraph contains the following information?‬
‭Write the correct letter‬‭A-G‬‭, in boxes 1-4 on your‬‭answer sheet.‬

‭NB‬‭You may use any letter more than once‬

‭14‬‭a reason why newer forests provide howlers with‬‭better feeding opportunities than‬
‭older forests‬

‭15‬‭a reference to a change in farmers’ attitudes towards‬‭wildlife‬

‭16‬‭a description of the means by which howlers select‬‭the best available diet for‬
‭themselves‬

‭17‬‭figures relating to the reduction of natural wildlife‬‭habitat over a period of time‬

‭QUESTIONS 18-21‬

‭Complete the summary below.‬

‭Choose‬‭ONE WORD ONLY‬‭from the passage for each answer.‬
‭Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.‬

‭Why do howlers have an advantage over other‬

‭Central American monkeys?‬

‭●‬ ‭Howler monkeys have a more rapid rate of‬‭18 ……‬‭than‬‭either capuchin of spider‬
‭monkeys.‬
‭●‬ ‭Unlike the other local monkey species, howlers can survive‬‭without‬‭eating‬‭19 …..‬‭,‬
‭and so can live inside a relatively small habitat area. Their diet is more flexible,‬
‭and they are able to tolerate leaves with high levels of‬‭20….‬‭.‬
‭●‬ ‭Howlers can also survive periods of‬‭21 …‬‭better than‬‭the other monkey species‬
‭can.‬
‭QUESTIONS 22-26‬

‭Look at the following features (Questions 9-13) and the list of locations below.‬
‭Match each feature with the correct location,‬‭A‭,‬‬‭B‬‭or‬‭C‭.‬‬
‭Write the correct letter,‬‭A‬‭,‬‭B‬‭or‬‭C‬‭, in boxes 9-13‬‭on your answer sheet.‬
‭NB‬ ‭You may use any letter more than once.‬

‭List of Locations‬

‭A‬ ‭Hacienda La Pacifica‬

‭B‬ ‭Santa Rosa National Park‬

‭C‬ ‭Cholula Cacao Farm‬

‭22‬‭It has seen the return of native tree species.‬

‭23‬‭It supports only one species of native monkey.‬

‭24‬‭Its monkey population‬‭helps‬‭the agriculture of‬‭the area.‬

‭25‬‭It is‬‭home to populations of all three local monkey‬‭species.‬

‭26‬‭Its landscape was altered by the construction of‬‭a transport link.‬

‭QUESTIONS 27-32‬
‭Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.‬
‭Write the correct letter in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.‬

‭27.‬‭Why is it difficult to find mite harvestmen?‬

‭A they are too small to see with naked eye.‬
‭B they can easily be confused with daddy longlegs.‬
‭C they are hard to distinguish from their surroundings.‬
‭D they do not exist in large numbers in any one place.‬

‭28.‬‭Why are mile harvestmen of interest to Dr Giribet‬‭and his colleagues?‬

‭A they have been studied far less than most other species.‬
‭B they show the effects of climate on the evolution of animals.‬
‭C they have an unusual relationship with plants and other animals.‬
‭D they provide evidence relating to a field of study other than insects.‬

‭29.‬‭What factor contributed to Wegener’s idea that‬‭present-day continents used to form‬

‭a‬
‭single landmass?‬
‭A changes in the level of the ocean‬
‭B the distance that species could travel‬
‭C the lack of certain fossils on one side of the Atlantic‬
‭D similarities in living conditions on both sides of the Atlantic‬

‭30.‬‭What point is made by the reference to armadillos?‬

‭A regions have both separated and become connected.‬
‭B certain animals could travel longer distances than others.‬
‭C the oldest species of animals are likely to be found in Africa.‬
‭D there is a tendency for animals to spread in a particular direction.‬

‭31.‬‭Which of the following is stated in the fifth‬‭paragraph?‬

‭A Hawaii is a habitat that cannot support large birds.‬
‭B Hawaii is an attractive habitat for certain species of birds.‬
‭C flightless birds are more likely to become extinct than others.‬
‭D the Hawaiian goose became flightless after it had reached Hawaii.‬

‭32.‬‭Why is evidence from cockroaches of limited value?‬

‭A they spread too fast.‬
‭B they multiply too quickly.‬
‭C they are found in too few places.‬
‭D they have divided into too many species.‬
‭QUESTIONS 33-36‬
‭Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?‬
‭In boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet, write‬
‭YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer‬
‭NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer‬
‭NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this‬

‭33‬‭................The colonization of Hawaii by geese provides evidence of continental drift.‬

‭34‬‭................ The reason why mite harvestmen don’t exist on Hawaii can be explained.‬
‭35‬‭................ The DNA of certain species has evolved more quickly than that of others.‬
‭36‬‭.................Dr Boyer’s theory concerning the origins of Florida is widely accepted.‬

‭QUESTIONS 37-40‬
‭Complete the summary using the list of words A-I below.‬
‭Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.‬

‭List of words‬
‭A branches‬
‭B fossils‬
‭C drift‬
‭D DNA‬
‭E evolution‬
‭F Pangea‬
‭G dispersal‬
‭H ancestors‬
‭I continents‬

‭The age and evolution of mite harvestmen‬

‭Some of the first creatures to live on land were the‬‭37‬‭..................... of mite‬
‭harvestmen. Boyer, Giribet and others study differences in the‬‭38‬‭..................... of these‬
‭insects, and trace the development of a number of‬‭39‬‭..................... of the species.‬
‭Their evolution appears to reflect changes in the location of‬‭40‬‭...................... For‬
‭example, the same type of mite harvestman is found in places that are now far apart‬
‭but used to form Gondwana, part of a huge landmass‬