Name: Module Title:

Module No. 10 How Energy is Harnessed from Different

Subject: Sources
Physical Science

Introduction

Hi! How are you today? What are you doing right now? Watching TV? Watching K-Drama?
Playing Mobile Legends? Scrolling your cellphone? Playing Basket Ball? Cooking? Did you
know that those activities involve the use of different sources of Energy? Can you name the
different sources of energy? In this module will help you understand how energy is harnessed
from different sources.
Objectives:

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate renewable and non-renewable sources of energy;

2. Describe how energy is harnessed from different sources;

3. Give a brief summary of how energy is produced from different sources; and

4. Outline the pros and cons of different sources of energy.

Learn About it!

Activity 1: My prior knowledge

To start with, we will check your prior knowledge on the topic that we will discuss today. I am
giving you a 15 item check-up test. Read and understand the questions given and choose the
letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper.

1. Which fossil fuel is considered least polluting to the environment?

A. Coal B. Crude Oil C. Natural Gas D. Petroleum

2. Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

A. Alcohol B. Coal C. Crude oil D. Natural gas

3. The solar cells are made from the element called ________.

A. Copper B. Hydrogen C. Iron D. Silicon

4. Which of the following forms of renewable energy directly uses the sun’s energy?

A. Biomass B. Geothermal energy C. Hydrogen fuel cell D. Solar

5. Which of the following energy sources is nonrenewable?

A. Coal B. Hydroelectric C. Methane D. Solar

6. A solar energy stored in materials such as wood, grain, sugar and municipal waste is called
_______.

A. Biomass B. Fossil Fuels C. Geothermal Energy D. Natural Gas 2

7. Using a biomass as a source of energy involves heating _______.

A. Coal B. Natural gas C. Petroleum D. Wood

8. Which is best to describe BIOMASS?

A. It is an inorganic matter that can be converted to fuel.

B. It is a massive living things.

C. It is an organic matter that can be converted to fuel.

D. It is a petroleum.

9. Why fossil fuels are considered non-renewable resources despite of its continuous formation
beneath the earth’s surface?

A. Fossil fuels are formed as type of methane which cannot be used.

B. Fossil fuels are being formed too far beneath the surface of the ocean.

C. Fossil fuels are being broken down by a natural process faster than they can form.

D. Fossil fuels are depleting much faster that they can form.

10. Which of the following illustrations shows energy being generated when moving water turns
turbines?

11. Which of the following illustrations shows source of energy beneath the Earth’s surface and
is used to produce steam by burning?

12. Methane as a fuel gas is produced from garbage by ______.

A. action of bacteria B. electrolysis C. fermentation D. photosynthesis
13. How do hydrothermal resources arise? They arise when ______.
A. area is prone to volcanic eruptions C. movement of tectonic plates occur
B. temperature has access to high temperature D. temperature on earth surface is very high
14. What energy conversion is produced electricity from a hydroelectric plant?
A. Electrical to Mechanical C. Mechanical to Electrical
B. Solar energy to Electrical D. Solar energy to Mechanical
15. Hot water or steam escapes out of the earth surface through _______.
A. fissures B. hot holes C. water bodies D. wells
 How Energy is
Harnessed from
Different Sources

Energy is a bit of mystery. Most of the time we can’t see it, yet it is everywhere around us.
Revving car engines burn energy, hot cups hold energy, street light that shine at nights are
using energy. Sleeping cats are using energy too - absolutely everything you can think of is
using energy or one way or another.
Have you ever wondered where the energy came from? How is this generated? What is the
main source of energy in the Philippines? These are just some of the many questions that we
need to study in this module.

Activity 2: ROUND AND ROUND YOU GO!

Improvised Turbine Unit Using Water

Objectives: At the end of the activity, you should be able to:
a. construct a simple turbine unit; and
b. demonstrate how falling water transforms mechanical energy using water reservoir system.
Materials:
o Disposable spoons
o 1 Plastic bottle cap
o Cutter
o Stick glue o Clay pot (paso/kaang)
o Rubber stopper o Popsicle stick / Bamboo stick
o Bending straw
o Water
o Nail / Screwdriver
o Basin / Any related container
o Tire wire / Plastic straw (lollipop stick)
o 500 mL plastic bottle of any size with cap
Procedure:
1. Prepare the needed materials.
2. Make slits on the side of the bottle cap enough to hold the handle of the disposable spoons
similar to the illustration below.
3. Bore a hole in the center of the cap enough to hold the tire wire / plastic straw (lollipop stick).

4. Cut the handle of the disposable spoon into half.

5. Insert the shaft of the disposable spoon on the slit of the bottle cap until all slits are filled.
Secure each spoon on the slit using stick glue.

6. Make an improvised stand to serve as the pedestal of the set up. (You can also use tin can or
any available material that may serve the same purpose). See the illustration below.

7. Make holes using heated nail or screwdriver on the opposite sides of the container, 5cm from
the top and 2cm from the bottom. Insert the straw and secure it with stick glue. Make sure it is
air tight to avoid water and air leakage.
8. Fill the bottle with water. Make sure that the water level will not go beyond the opening of the
top straw. Hold the end of the shorter straw to avoid water from leaking while positioning the
bottle on the stand inside the container. Make sure the bottom end of the upper straw is
immersed in the water. See the illustration below.

9. Examine the water reservoir with the turbine model assembly. Remove your finger from the
shorter straw to allow the water to flow hitting the blades of the improvised turbine.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What does the bottle with water represent?
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2. What happened when the water hit the blade of the improvised turbine?
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3. How would you explain the rotation of the blades in terms of energy transformation?
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4. Why the water level inside the bottle remained the same all throughout the activity?
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5. Relate how falling water is harnessed based on the performed activity.
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Now that you know the basics of technology, it’s time to apply your knowledge to test. I hope
you saved your energy for the next task. Are you ready? Let us proceed to our next activity!
Here we go!

Activity 3: USE ME WHEN YOU’RE READY!

In this activity, we will use again the improvised turbine made in Activity 1. Instead of using
water, the source of energy that we will use is charcoal.
Objectives:
At the end of the activity, you should be able to:
a. Demonstrate energy transformation using charcoal;
b. Explain the effect of steam on the improvised turbine; and c. appreciate the importance of
energy conservation.
Materials
o Tin Can or Kettle (Takuri)
o Water o Improvised turbine
o Charcoal (worth P10.00) o Match / Lighter
Procedure
1. Fill the kettle with water half-full to the lid.
2. Let the water boil using charcoal.
3. Place the assembled turbine directly on the kettle’s spout. Make sure that the steam will hit
the turbine’s blade. Refer to the illustration below.

4. Observe what happens to the improvised turbine

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What causes the rotation of the improvised turbine?
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2. What is the effect of heat on the improvised turbine?
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3. What energy source is being described based on the activity?
____________________________________________________________________________
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4. What have you observed on the improvised turbine when the charcoal was totally consumed?
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5. How do you relate charcoal as a source of non-renewable energy to fossil fuel like coal?
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Energy is everywhere. There are many sources of energy and some of these are
considered renewable and non-renewable. Renewable sources are those that can be used and
constantly renewed or restored such as solar, geothermal, hydrothermal, electrochemical and
biomass. Non-renewable sources are those that cannot be easily replenished like fossil fuels
(coal, petroleum and natural gas).
In Activity 2, you have observed that the falling water makes the turbine continuously
rotate. This action is due to the gained potential energy of the water which was converted into
kinetic energy the moment water hits the blade of the turbine.
If the turbine is connected to a generator, it could potentially be a source of mechanical
energy to run the generator which will eventually produce electrical energy. On the other hand,
Activity 3 illustrated the use of charcoal as a substitute of coal (fossil fuel). Being used as a
source of energy, a steam was produced when the water reached the boiling point.
Diagram 1. Process of harnessing fossil fuel (charcoal as substitute of coal) to generate
electricity.

Biogas is a gas produced from anaerobic (absence of oxygen) decomposition of organic

matter. Aside from the activities performed, there are other ways on harnessing energy from
other sources. These include hydrothermal, geothermal, solar cell, biogas and batteries.
Hydrothermal energy refers to the heat obtained from hot water produced by
hydrothermal vents or seawater in contact with hot rock beds. Hot water from hydrothermal
vents is collected into a heat exchanger. The heat from the water is transferred to another fluid
which evaporates and drives the turbines to generate electricity.
Geothermal energy refers to the heat produced inside the Earth. This energy is
harnessed from the molten rocks near volcanic regions. The molten rocks heat the groundwater
to steam which drives the turbines to generate electricity.
 Batteries are also called electrochemical cells. These are devices that store and convert
chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries are disposable and/or rechargeable. The
energy from batteries comes from a chemical reaction. When a battery is connected to an
external circuit, electrolytes move within the battery and chemical reactions are completed at the
two terminals of the battery. The flows of electrons in the reactions generate the current (flowing
charges) and delivers electricity to the external circuit.
Solar energy from the sun is stored in solar panels which contain photovoltaic cells
made from silicon, transforms the incoming sunlight into electricity. It is then stored in batteries
or can be directly converted to electricity.

To enhance further your learning, you will perform the succeeding activity.

Activity 4: COMPLETE ME!

Direction: Fill in the boxes with the correct processes on how energy is harnessed and its end
product based on the illustration. An example is done for you.
 Activity 5: KNOW ME & MY IMPORTANCE!

Direction: Identify the source of energy and illustrate the process of harnessing energy into its
end product based on the given picture. An example is done for you.

Activity 6: CHECK WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED!

Are you still feeling okay? I know you are. I’m sure that you have performed and answered
correctly all the activities given to you. Let us now check the things you have learned. Are you
ready?
Direction: Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the correct word/s to complete the
statement. Choose your answer from the set of words found inside the box. Write your answer
on the space provided.

Energy can be harnessed from other sources such as fossil fuels, biogas, geothermal, batteries,
solar cells, biomass and hydrothermal. (1) ___________ are buried combustible geologic
deposits of organic materials formed from decayed plants and animals that have been
converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas or heavy oils by exposure to (2) ________ and pressure
in the earth’s crust over a hundreds of millions of years. (3) _________ is usually equated with
garbage. Sometimes it is tapped directly at the landfill with decaying waste products which gives
of (4) _________ gas used to make (5) __________. The word geothermal came from geo
which means earth and (6) ________ which refers to heat coming from the earth. Another
source of energy is water. It is the (7) __________ of a moving water that generates electricity.
Chemical energy can be stored in (8)_________. When connected in a circuit, these batteries
can produce electricity. Another source of energy is when the electron in a (9) _______ become
loose when hit by (10) __________.
Do you find energy important? If you say yes, then you’re correct! In the next activity you will
present the importance of energy in your day to day activities by creating any of the following:
song, poem, collage, slogan and poster. Use a longsized bond paper.
Let’s Practice:
Create a video clip by performing activities 2-3 and answering its guide questions.
Deadline is on May 17, 2020 kindly send the videos in our group chat.
Activities 1, 4-6 are additive information for you to understand well the lesson.(not
graded)