ARC 035- PLANNING 2-FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN DESIGN

AND COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE

PHINMA- University of Pangasinan

College of Engineering and Architecture

AR. KYLE DOMINGO

Instructor

MEMBERS:

ALMADRONES, RAGINE
BATOY, MARY GRACE
MANZON, DAISY
PANGAN, FERDINAND
PINLAC, CRISTINE JOY
“Proposed Development of PNR STREET”
MAYOMBO DISTRICT, DAGUPAN CITY
LOCATION MAP
 CHAPTER I

▪ HISTORY

DAGUPAN CITY—The first train station lounge in this city is slowly coming back to life,
thanks to a group of elderly citizens who sees the site as a tourist attraction. The roofless building,
with its brick walls relatively intact, used to serve as the ticketing office and passenger lounge of
the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan, a 195-kilometer railroad line that started operating on Nov.
24, 1892. In the 1960s, the building was used for storing cargo after the construction of a new and
bigger ticketing office and passenger area. The building was abandoned and its premises became
a garbage dump when the state-run Philippine National Railways stopped the Manila-Dagupan
line in 1988. Project Chairman Rex Catubig disclosed that the Jayceekens sought to reaffirm the
cultural and historical significance of the PNR area, which transformed Dagupan as a melting pot
of people and businesses in Pangasinan and Northern Luzon. The PNR began operations during
the Spanish colonial period on November 24, 1892 and was first known as the Ferrocarril de
Manila-Dagupan. The line covered 195 kilometers from Manila to Dagupan. It later became the
Manila Railroad Company (MRR) during the American colonial period and in 1994, it was
renamed the Philippine National Railways. The PNR was highly instrumental in establishing
Dagupan as an important trade and commercial hub as well as center of education and health care
outside of Manila as goods and farm products from Pangasinan and Northern Luzon had to be
transported to Manila via Dagupan.

“The opening of the Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan opened the corridor of culture and
commerce from the big city (Manila) to the North. And it established Dagupan as the hub (of trade
and commerce) in the region. It has its romantic side, too. Some of the historical figures at the time
took the train to reach the North. It was often said that Jose Rizal commuted via train to visit
Leonor Rivera,” The Dagupan station, which served as the terminus of the Manila-Dagupan
Railroad, was opened on November 24, 1892. It marked an important milestone in the history of
rail transportation in the Philippines. The original station, constructed with rubble stone, stood near
the present-day PNR Court during the line’s extension to La Union. Remarkably, both of the station
buildings still exist today. Although the line was abandoned years ago, both of the two station
buildings still stand up to this day, the platform area of original station building currently serves
as a dumpsite. Unknown to the millennial generation in Dagupan City, the ruin by the road where
the railway once existed was part of the era when the city started to be developed as a major trading
area in the region.

▪ CURENT SITUATION

Urban floods from thunderstorms cause severe problems especially in Dagupan City. As
time goes by, the PNR (Philippine National Railway) Street in Mayombo District, Dagupan City
increases the population and its settlers. The old railway was left abandoned and serves as the main
street for the residents which connect to the highway and has continued to deal with heavy flooding
caused by intense rainfall. As we ask some residence along the PNR Street most of them says that
they don’t want to remove the railway in the main street as it serves as a momentum or it reminds
them of the history of the place. We could see limited streetlights, and no proper sidewalk as we
enter the streets. Many houses were settled along the street as well as the population. One of the
situations being faced today in the PNR Street is the improper flow of water, there is no drainage
in the street that causes flood.

While automobiles received design priority for many streets in the past, many people don’t
have much access to or the ability to drive a vehicle. Further, many smaller communities lack
quality public transit to serve their residents. Convenient access to reliable transportation is
essential for the livelihood and well-being of any community. It is particularly important for
underrepresented populations, such as people walking in cost-burdened, underinvested, and
underserved communities, people of color, children, and older adults. Complete Streets principles
define our streets as shared public spaces. Streets are more than a conduit for traffic; they often
serve as outdoor rooms for our communities. After decades of focus on the movement of cars,
however, the PNR street lack the aesthetic appeal and buffer from traffic necessary for attracting
and serving the needs of a wider range of users. The street also presents the community with the
challenge of impermeable surfaces, stormwater run-off, and ponding that impacts all users and the
health of the environment.

Crossing the street should be efficient, safe, and easy. Yet in PNR street, Mayombo District,
Dagupan City, intersections with high turning volumes have multiple turn lanes or channelized
free-flowing lanes. From a pedestrian's standpoint, these lanes increase the crossing distance and
exposure to automobile traffic which sometimes causes accidents due to lack of pedestrian. Our
busiest streets are busy for a reason. They include key destinations and connections sometimes
across a barrier such as a highway or waterway. There is no room for bicyclist on these busy roads
and due to limited spaces. Making room for bicyclists on these corridors can be difficult because
riding alongside high volumes of traffic is stressful for most riders. They need more space and
protection to feel comfortable.

In today’s reference, the PNR street don’t have much waiting shelter, variable message
signing, seating, bike parking, trash/recycling receptacles, and utility boxes. The inclusion of on-
street parking is often determined by the context of adjacent land use in this district. That said,
proposing any removal or reduction of on-street parking with a project is often perceived as a
burden by business and property owners.
 CHAPTER II

▪ ISSUES

✓ Drains, gullies and sewers

- Drains were not well designed and managed, that is why road drainage commonly causes
uncontrolled flooding and erosion that affects the road body, neighboring land, and the
environment. It is also a missed opportunity in terms of water harvesting for productive
purposes.

✓ Flooding

Flooding due to light rains were cause by clogged drainage and or improper designing and
managing drainage. The blockage in the drain hinders water from flowing, hence a flow back.
Poor drainage causes early pavement distresses leading to driving problems and structural
failures of road.

✓ Cracked Pavement

Cracking is one of the most common types of pavement failure. The nature of the crack
itself is fast spreading. Due to weakness in base, surface or sub-grade, thinning of a surface
course or base course, poor drainage, excessive vehicular loads, vehicle stopped for a relatively
long period

✓ Limited Streetlights

Road traffic crashes are a major cause of death and injury, especially in low and middle-
income countries. Worldwide, each year over a million people is killed and some ten million
people are permanently disabled in road traffic crashes. As we observe PNR street there is
limited streetlight. Street lighting has been suggested as a relatively low-cost intervention with
the potential to prevent traffic crashes. Street lighting may improve a driver's visual capabilities
and ability to detect roadway hazards.
 ✓ Ravelling Pavement Failure

This failure is commonly seen only in flexible pavement, not rigid pavement. The type of
pavement failure occurs due to continuous water ingress, thereby causing degradation of the
topmost asphalt layer. As raveling progresses, the aggregate particles separate from the surface
and leave eroded-like patches on the pavement.

✓ No Proper Sidewalk

One of the common neighborhood problems is how people walk on the streets instead of
sidewalks. Going to and from work or school, they find it more convenient to walk on the
streets because it is free from obstruction. Sidewalks are often dominated by vehicles limiting
the volume of people they can cater to. Not using the sidewalks may provide convenience at
some point but it compromises the safety of the people. Instead of being able to pass through
smoothly, small vehicles are parked on the streets. Being able to dominate the sidewalk limits
the space where people can pass through. Spaces designated for small vehicles should be
provided for the people to maximize the space designated for them.

✓ On-Street Parking

Most people park their bikes and motorcycles on sidewalks because there are limited spaces for them. This
may seem like a small issue but it constitutes to why people choose not to walk on sidewalks. It increased
obstacles, disruption of traffic flow by cars passing through the street, and reduced sight distance of
pedestrians.

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 CHAPTER III

▪ PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

Principle 1: Tailor streets for different modes.

Principle 2: Separate streets by speed.

Principle 3: Incorporate flexibility into street space.

Principle 4: Recapture street space for the public realm, transit, bikes, and
pedestrians.

1. STREET DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESIGN

Urban streets specially in Dagupan City not only carry traffic, but stormwater runoff as
well. However, water on a street can create hydroplaning effects, and can severely impact the
traffic flow and the safety of travelers. For these reasons, a street drainage system must be properly
designed to quickly remove stormwater from the traffic lanes. Street drainage includes both minor
and major drainage systems. A minor system consists of street inlets and storm sewers, which can
handle minor storm events. During a major storm event, street gutters and roadside ditches operate
like wide and shallow channels to carry the flooding water away

2. INCORPORATING DIVERSE LAND USES BY DEVELOPING CONTEXT SPECIFIC

AREAS

Street design and land use are inextricably linked. Naturally, the existing and planned land
uses influencing your corridor must be considered when planning and designing your streets.
Analyze your corridor to identify unique aspects of its visual character and associated land uses.
Organize it into smaller, more manageable character segments (i.e., context zones or key areas),
then treat each zone with a unique approach.
3. IDENTIFYING THE PRIORITIES OF A DIVERSE MIX OF USERS; ADDRESS EQUITY

It is incumbent upon transportation professionals and policymakers to develop well-

planned, safely executed, and comfortable infrastructure for all users. This includes people of all
ages and abilities who walk, roll, bike, and require assistive devices such as wheelchairs and
walkers.

Equitable engagement

“Equitable engagement means fair and impartial, engaging equally with all concerned and
impacted." Public engagement is a two-way process undertaken by community and/or project
leaders to better understand stakeholder needs, values, and goals. The process includes engaging
community stakeholders to obtain feedback and buy-in, inform and provide project transparency,
generate excitement, and ultimately improve your projects.

We recognize that people who are affected by decisions have the right to be involved in the
decision-making process. To ensure this happens the process must be inclusive and transparent. As
a result, traditional community engagement practices often fall short. Equitable engagement
recognizes the limits of traditional engagement practices and expands the toolbox with a variety
of strategies to engage community stakeholders, especially those who have historically been or felt
left out of the process. It should also place specific emphasis on those who will be most impacted
by the project, and those most often diminished in these conversations. In general, the greater
impact a project has on underrepresented populations, the higher level of engagement necessary
to help ensure that it is implemented in a fair and equitable manner.

4. ELIMINATING THE HIGHWAY FEEL BY GOING GREEN

As has been demonstrated repeatedly, a transportation infrastructure based around

individuals in automobiles contributes to global warming, pollution, health problems and energy
insecurity. Conversely, the idea behind a green transportation infrastructure is one that provides
opportunities for people to get around their communities using their own power such as walking
or biking or by other more environmentally sensitive means, like trains or buses.
Add green infrastructure and streetscape elements

Transforming a street to eliminate the “highway feel” can be as simple as adding trees,
streetscape furnishings, public art, and other plantings. These elements improve comfort for users,
provide shade, and encourage social connection. But taking this a step further, Complete Streets
projects provide an opportunity to integrate an overall stormwater treatment plan with innovative
green infrastructure elements that help a project and community reach or exceed sustainability
goals. This also ensures the street is safe from ponding and flooding for people using any mode of
travel.

5. INCREASING WALKABILITY

Road traffic crashes involving pedestrians have become a foremost concern. High vehicle
and pedestrian volume, vehicular speed, absence of designated bus stop, the presence of
inaccessible pedestrian crosswalk, on-street parking, lack of signalized control (for both vehicle
and pedestrian), inadequate sight distance, land use pattern, slum population, pedestrian-vehicular
post encroachment time, waiting time before crossing, road width, and absence of police
enforcement at an intersection significantly and positively increase pedestrian's crossing difficulty
at urban intersections.

Slow motorists down, empower your pedestrians

One way to increase walkability is to slow your motorists down – particularly those in channelized
lanes – by using tighter radii or removing channelization completely. You can also improve
walkability by increasing pedestrian visibility and shortening crossings with extended curbs,
proper ramp placement, and median refuges. You can also improve visibility at unsignalized
locations with pedestrian-activated devices such as Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacons.
6. PROVIDING FOR THE SAFE FLOW OF CARS

Making room for all users sometimes means altering facilities and signalization previously
designed to keep motorists moving. Signal timing, the number of lanes, and lane width are common
concerns for Complete Streets efforts, mainly when traffic congestion is a concern.

Reach into the traffic toolbox

Great traffic engineers will know what tools you need for your Complete Streets efforts.
They will conduct field reviews and technical analyses of multimodal safety and traffic operations
to determine the street’s design and number of auto lanes. To address safety and operational issues,
they may look for opportunities to add left-turn lanes at key locations or convert from four to three
lanes.

Flexibility in signal phasing is also key to keeping a Street flowing safely. This includes
providing reasonable cycle lengths and phases that avoid excessive delays to cross streets, as well
as phases to protect heavier turns where and when needed. Flashing yellow arrow traffic signals
can help accomplish this. Signals can also include protected pedestrian and leading intervals,
during which the permissive left or right turn operation is not allowed for all, or a portion of, the
pedestrian crossing interval. Often, there is room to reduce travel lane width. Space gained in these
circumstances can be dedicated to other modes, green infrastructure, medians, or boulevards,
which can assist in treating stormwater as well as calming traffic on corridors where speeding is
common.

7. IMPROVING COMFORT AND SAFETY FOR BICYCLISTS

Under higher volume and speed conditions, a 6 ft. bike lane may serve the most “strong
and fearless” cyclists among us, but more separation is needed to encourage people of all ages and
abilities.

Build a separated bikeway

Use planters, in-street curbs, delineators, barriers, and on-street parking to build separated
bikeways (or cycle tracks) and provide bicyclists with physical separation from auto traffic. We
can also place a separated bikeway at sidewalk level as long as you provide dedicated space for
pedestrians. Facilities like these offer more comfort and security and, as a result, appeal to a wider
spectrum of bicyclists. At intersections with separated bikeways, consider protected intersection
designs to reduce exposure for bicyclists and improve sightlines. Pedestrians also benefit from
shorter crossing distances at protected intersections. Traffic signals with protected and leading
bicycle phases can help reduce conflicts with heavier volumes of traffic.

8. INTEGRATING TRANSIT

Transit has many moving pieces. In addition to options for local, express, and rapid transit
routes, there is also bus traffic, passengers, loading zones, shelters, benches, signage, and more to
consider. Many of our streets are only complete with transit, but how do we integrate the entire
system into our Streets projects?

Keep both passengers and buses in mind

Remember, every transit trip begins and ends with a pedestrian trip – whether along a
sidewalk, on a bicycle, or to a park and ride. It’s critical that transit stop designs are as efficient
and safe for passengers as they are for the buses. This translates to well-designed stop areas,
crosswalks, bikeway, and sidewalk connections that support ridership and minimize conflicts.

9. BALANCING PARKING NEEDS WITH THOSE OF OTHER MODES

The presence of on–street parking can affect driver behavior by reducing vehicle speeds.
Parking maneuvers can interrupt and calm traffic flow, providing additional opportunities for
pedestrians to cross a road. The presence of parked cars can make a street feel more inhabited.

Understand use of the curb to best design parking that boosts local businesses and multimodal
safety

Understanding delivery, transit, customer, and employee parking activities as well as

bicycle parking and shared mobility along a street is crucial. At the beginning of a street project,
consider conducting a curbside use inventory, parking study, and survey of business owners. On-
street parking supports an urban character and development pattern, providing direct access to
corridor businesses and also serves as a buffer from traffic for pedestrians along the sidewalk. It
can also calm traffic in the adjacent auto lanes.

Parking bays can include curb extensions that reduce the crossing distance for pedestrians
and increase pedestrian visibility by aligning them with the parking lane. In more constrained
environments, consider flexible spaces along the curb that can serve different purposes depending
upon time of day – daytime parking and loading, peak hour transit-only lanes, and late evening
ride-share space.

▪ DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

o UNDERGROUND CABLING SYSTEM

Much like urban cities in the country, overhead wires crisscrossing the streets and
thoroughfares can be unsightly messy, often considered as eyesores. To fix the messy overhead
wires in the city. We propose placing electric, telecommunication and other utility overhead wires
within the vicinity of the Mayombo District to be placed underground. The underground cabling
project has become a model for other Philippine cities and urban centers to emulate. Underground
cabling brings a feeling of order to the often busy and chaotic downtown street. It gives residents
some kind of assurance that service and service provider lines are organized and will be resilient
even on challenging days. Underground cabling, which is a rarity in the Philippines, harnesses
innovation to maximize the health, safety, and economic development of businesses and
communities.

o SOLAR STREET LIGHTS

In an era where sustainable practices are crucial for preserving our planet, solar street lights
have emerged as a viable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional grid-powered lighting options.
Harnessing the power of the sun, these innovative lighting solutions offer numerous environmental
advantages that contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. Solar street lights serve as a
shining example of sustainable lighting solutions with remarkable environmental benefits. By
reducing carbon emissions, conserving energy, and harnessing renewable energy sources, they
contribute to a greener and more sustainable future. As we strive to combat climate change and
protect our environment, the adoption of solar street lights becomes increasingly important.
Embracing this innovative technology not only helps us achieve our environmental goals but also
paves the way for a more sustainable and brighter world.

Evenly illuminate streets to give pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers better nighttime vision
and improved perception of safety and comfort. Provide lighting along all public rights-of-way,
especially in conflict areas such as intersections, pedestrian crossings, and cycle crossings;
pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks, plazas, and underpasses; transit facilities such as bus stops
and transit hubs; and narrow streets such as laneways and alleys.

o SENSING LIGHTS/SMART STREETLIGHTS

Evolving street lights and expanding their functionality from sources of public light into
platforms of public data and applications. The literature on smart street lights still is heavily
focused on technological innovations, energy efficiencies, control systems, and light-centered
feedback loops. Sensor-activated lighting can help prevent energy loss and create safer spaces for
pedestrians at night. Adopt signal detection and actuated signals where appropriate to improve user
experience, energy efficiency, and safety. Multi-user signal coordination can help street networks
function smoothly and adapt to daily needs during peak hours and other scenarios.

o SOLAR ROAD STUDS

We decided to revolutionize the way we perceive road safety and energy efficiency. The
reflective solar road studs have become increasingly popular in the market over the past few years.
As the industry has started to prioritize sustainable solutions for traffic safety. Our cutting-edge
solar road studs harness the power of the sun to illuminate roads, pathways, and pedestrian
crossings, ensuring enhanced visibility during nighttime and adverse weather conditions. With a
focus on environmental responsibility, our solar road studs not only increase road safety but also
significantly reduce carbon emissions. Join us on our journey towards a greener and safer future
as we pave the way for sustainable infrastructure and smarter transportation systems.\

o SMART STREET BOX

The Smart Street Box enables several functionalities directly on the street cabinets, using a
modular approach in order to gain flexibility and cost reduction. It can satisfy field needs with a
unique architecture, optimizing space allocation and installation activities. A Smart Street Box is
a device that is typically installed in public areas, like streets or parks. It's designed to provide
various services to the public. These services can include free Wi-Fi, charging stations for
electronic devices, environmental monitoring, emergency call services, and even digital
advertising. It's part of the broader concept of "smart cities," where technology is used to improve
the quality of life for residents and make city operations more efficient.
DAYTIME PERSPECTIVE
NIGHT TIME PERSPECTIVE