ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION and SUBSTATION DESIGN

DESIGN PROBLEM:
Design the substation and distribution system of a certain town or locality assigned to
you.
I. Design the secondary distribution system.
A. Show the distribution map of the following:
1. The location of the prospective customers.
2. The location of the distribution poles so that all the prospective customers will be
served.
3. The route of the secondary lines serving each group of customers.
4. The location of the multiple streets light.

B. Determine the capacity and the location of the distribution transformers require to
serve the capacity of the different groups of costumers including the street lights within
the area. In the design, indicate the location and rating of the transformers.

C. Determine the size of the secondary wires to be used

1. Conductors should have an adequate current carrying capacity.
2. Voltage Drop shall be in between 3% - 5% of the secondary distribution system
voltage. Its voltage drop should be adequate up to the load of each branch of the
secondary lines.

II. Design the primary distribution system.

A. Determined the size of wire to be used.
1. Size should be determined not only for adequate carrying capacity but also for the
voltage drop which should not exceed 5% of the primary distribution system voltage.

B. Show on the distribution map the route of the primary distribution system indicating the
size of the primary wire used and weather primary lines are single or three phase.

C. On the separate sheet draw the schematic one line diagram of the primary distribution
system from the power house to the entire distribution transformer showing:
1. Number, size and length of wires.
2. Indicate in which phase each distribution transformers is connected. Prepare load
schedule of the system.
3. Show the isolating disconnecting switches whether they are needed.
III. Determine the outdoor main substation of the system with the following requirement:
A. Determine the size of electrical equipment to be used.
1. Primary distribution line type lightning arrester.
 2. Primary wires
3. Primary porcelain fuse cut-out or fuses disconnect switches.
4. Potential and current transformers.
5. Single phase, 60 cycle distribution transformers.
6. Secondary bus bar, etc.

B. Draw the Structure and connection diagram of the substation equipment material
properly labeled.

IV. Determined the number and capacity of the generating equipment required
A. Predetermine the load graph of the different classes of loads to be used.

V. Design the switchboard for electrical system.

A. Draw the schematic single line diagram from the generator to the feeder.
B. Draw the schematic three-line diagram.
C. Draw the front view of the switchboard showing the necessary meters, controls and
other switchboard equipment.

VI. Other requirements:

A. Draw the detailed diagram indicating the equipment and materials used in the
following:
1. Street lights installation.
2. Connection of the transformer and lightning arrester on poles
3. Conductor attachment details.
4. Pole line materials installation and clearances.