8 Science

Quarter 4- Module 3
Predicting Phenotypic Expressions
of Traits Following Simple Patterns
of Inheritance
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4– Module 3: Predicting Phenotypic Expressions of Traits Following
Simple Patterns of Inheritance
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education- Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Illustrator/Layout Artist/Editors:
Odessa Mari O. Perez
John Jeric Buhain
Mon Eric A. Lomeda
Maria Kathrina I. Yamit
Jayzel Ann S. Ravelo
Kenneth G. Pabilonia
Content Evaluator: Maria Cecilia L. Santiago
Language Evaluator: Marissa V. Facun
Layout Evaluator: Joan T. Buluran
Management Team: Gregorio C. Quinto
Rainelda M. Blanco
Agnes R. Bernardo
Marinella P. Garcia SY
Glenda S. Constantino
Joannarie C. Garcia

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education--- Schools Division of Bulacan

Office Address: Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
E-mail address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
 8
Science
Quarter 4– Module 3
Predicting Phenotypic Expressions
of Traits Following Simple Patterns
of Inheritance
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can con-
tinue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exer-
cises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provid-
ed to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

4
 This module was designed and formulated to help you predict phenotypic
expressions of traits following simple patterns of inheritance. Different
activities are provided for you to meet the target skills. (S8LT-IVf-18 )

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• identify the concept of Mendelian and Non-Mendelian trait;

• solve genetic problems using Punnett Square; and

• cite the importance of knowing the Mendelian and Non-mendelian

pattern of inheritance in the reproduction process.

MATCHY MATCHY!
Directions: Pedro will encounter the important words below in this lesson. Help
him match the questons listed in column A to the answers listed in
Column B. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on
your answer sheet.

A B
1. Who is the father of Genetics? a. dominant trait
2. What trait will appear in the f1 generation? b. recessive trait
3. What trait will not appear in the f1 generation. c. Punnett square
4. What do you call the actual genes for a trait d. allele
that is present in an individual? e. homozygous
5. What do you call the physical apperance othe f. hybrid
traits? g. genetics
6. What do you call the pair of genes? h. Gregor Mendel
7. What genotype is composed of similar i. monohybrid
alleles? j. dihybrid
8. What way can help you predict the outcome k. genotype
of a given cross? l. phenotype
9. What cross happens between individuals m. incomplete dominance
involing two heterozygous pair? n. codominance
10.What pattern of inheritance has an offspring o. multiple alleles
that neither allele is dominant? p. sex- linked genes
11.What pattern of inheritance has an offspring
that both alleles are present?
12.What pattern of inheritance can explain why a
man is color-blind?
13.What pattern of inheritance will lead to more
than two phenotypes?
14.What is the cross between individuals involing
two hemozygous pair?
15. What is the other term for f1 generation?

1
 FIND ME!
Directions: Help Pedro find 10 words in the box below. Give a brief description
about the words you have found. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.

1. ________ - ____________________
2. ________ - ____________________
3. ________ - ____________________
4. ________ - ____________________
5. ________ - ____________________
6. ________ - ____________________
7. ________ - ____________________
8. ________ - ____________________
9. ________ - ____________________
10. _______ - ____________________

Directions: Read and understand the story of Pedro and his father Mang Buboy.
Answer the questions after the reading selection.

Curious Pedro and the Tomatoes

by: Odessa Mari O. Perez

Mang Buboy works in a farm. He and his

son Pedro plant different vegetables like
tomatoes, eggplants and okras. One day,
Pedro noticed that the two tomatoes looked
different. He asked his father, “Tatay, why
are these tomatoes different from each
other? Why are there lots of red and
oblong-shaped tomatoes and few of these
orange and round–shaped tomatoes?
“You know what Pedro, I’ve learned about that in my biology class when I was
in high school. It’s about Genetics!” Mang Buboy replied.

2
 He told Pedro a story about a monk named Gregor
Mendel who is known to be the Father of Genetics. He
explained to him how Gregor Mendel experimented on the
traits of peas, a kind of vegetable, to understand the pattern
of inheritance between plants. Mang Buboy applied it to their
tomatoes.

He asked his son to look at the two pure-breed

Orangey round tomatoes, the red and the orange, which were the parents or
tomatoes parental generation.

“If the two of them will be crossbred, all of the offsprings will be red tomatoes.
These offspring are called first filial (F1) generation. By the way, (F1) generation can
also be called as hybrids if it came from two different pure-breed plants. ” He added.

Then, Pedro asked if F1 generation is possible to breed with other tomatoes. His
father replied “Yes, it is like the grandchildren, or if F1 generation will be crossbred with
others, the offspring will then be called as F2 or second filial generation.”

Mang Buboy also remembered that Gregor Mendel counted the offspring of his
peas and concluded that the one with the most expressed trait in the offspring is the
dominant trait, while the least is the recessive trait.

“So Pedro, in our tomatoes, which do you think

has the dominant trait? Which has the recessive trait?”
Mang Buboy asked.

Pedro answered that the red tomato has the

dominant trait since it has the most number of offspring
while the orange tomatoes are the recessive trait. “Very
good son” Mang Buboy replied.

“Tatay, I want to know more about our plants. Red oval-shaped

tomatoes
Can I go to the computer shop and search for some details?”
Pedro asked.

Mang Buboy allowed Pedro to research in the computer shop, he was happy that
his son got interested with their crops. He also reminded his son to avoid excessive use
of computer.

Pedro searched about cross-breeding and learned that there are two types of
breeding methods. The monohybrid and dihybrid cross. Monohybrid cross happened
when the F1 generation only differs in one trait like being red or being orange.

3
 Monohybrid cross happened when the F1 generation only differs in one trait
like being red or being orange while dihybrid cross happened when the F1 generation
differs in two traits like an orangey round-shaped tomato and a reddish oval-shaped
tomato.

He concluded that their tomatoes undergo

dihybrid crossing as they share two traits; one tomato is
red and oval-shaped and the other tomato is orange and
round-shaped.

Pedro happily went back to his father and told

him about what he had searched. He helped his father
in their farm and became more inspired as he learned
something new today.

Questions: Pedro’s tomato plant

1. What are the two parental generations of tomatoes?

2. Between red and pink tomatoes, which is the dominant trait? Which is the
recessive trait?
3. What is the other term for (F1) generation?
4. What are the two types of breeding method?
Did you answer the questions correctly? Are you now ready to learn more about
Genetics? Continue reading and let’s find out more about it.

As stated on the last module, Genetics is the field of Biology that studies how
traits are passed from parents to their offspring. In this module, you will learn the two
types of inheritance. It will help you determine the possible appearance of the offspring.

Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Gregor Mendel- An Austrian monk who discovered that traits can be passed from
parents to offspring. He hypothesized that there are factors that control the
appearance of the trait which is called genes. It is also the unit of hereditary
information. He made one principle and two laws.

4
 1. Principle of dominance- The dominant trait dominates or prevents the display
of the recessive trait.

• Dominant trait- the trait that will appear in the offspring or F1 generation.
This is represented by a capital letter or the genotype.
e.g. trait- round, genotype RR.

• Recessive trait- the trait that will not appear in the f1 generation. It is
represented by a lower case letter (genotype) e.g. trait- oblong, genotype
rr.

Note: Trait is controlled by a pair of

genes called allele. This is the rea-
son why genotype comes in pair

2. Law of Segregation- The pair of genes

segregate or separate during gamete
formation. Gametes are the organism’s
reproductive cells. Female gametes are
egg cells while male gametes are sperm
Gregor Mendel
cells.

round oblong

gametes gametes

Figure 1. Gamete formation of pure-breeding round and oblong shaped tomatoes

This is an example of homozygous genotype which is composed of similar

alleles; therefore, all gametes produced will be alike. All have gene R for round, while
for oblong, all have gene r.

5
 round oblong

gametes gametes

Offspring is round
Figure 2. Monohybrid cross of pure-breed round and oblong-shaped tomatoes

Monohybrid cross is a combination of two homozygous genotype (RR x rr)

to form a heterozygous genotype (Rr)

Note: Heterozygous genotype is a combination of dominant and recessive

allele. It will be written with capital and small letters. The phenotype will still follow
the dominant gene.

3. Law of Independent Assortment- it explains the simultaneous inheritance of

two characters in one plant. E.g. orange and round tomato

It can also be explained through Dihybrid cross.

Orange, Round tomatoes

O o R r

OR or
Or oR

1/4 1/4 1/4

1/4

Figure 3. Gametes produced by dihybrid genotype using foil method

6
 Dihybrid cross is the cross between individuals involving two heterozygous pairs
of genes. Each dihybrid will form four different types of gametes with ¼ probabilities
each.

Bright idea! Let’s do crossbreeding! We are going to combine two organisms.

Pedro wanted to know how to determine the possible offspring if they crossbreed
their tomatoes. If he is going to combine a heterogeneous red tomato (Rr) to a
homogeneous red tomato (rr), what will be the appearance of the offspring? You can
predict it by using a Punnett square, a way to know the outcome of the given cross.
Follow the guidelines to learn more.

this section is composed

of male gamete’s alleles

this sections are for the

this section is composed offspring
of female gamete’s alleles

Note: For monohybrid one allele is written in each box at the parent section of the
Punnett square.

Now you are ready to complete the Punnett square by writing the alleles of
each parent in the offspring section. Remember to write one allele of the parent to
each genotype formed in the offspring section as shown below.

7
 Let’s have the genotypic ratio (actual trait symbolizes by a letter) and the
phenotypic ratio (physical appearance). Ratio tells how many times it appears in the
Punnett square. It can be by fraction or by percentage.

Genotypes Phenotype Ratio

Rr Orange 25%

Rr Orange 25%
1/4 1/4
Rr red 25%

Rr red 25%
1/4 1/4

Note: The offspring’s ratio can be expressed as fraction or as percentage. Each box
represents ¼ or 25% of the gametes formed.

Genotypic ratio indicates all the genotypes and the times it appears. In the
given example there were 2Rr and 2rr which shows the possibilities of 50% for each
genotype.

Phenotypic ratio describes the possibilities of how many times the traits will
appear. In the given example, there were two 25% orange and two 25% red
tomatoes, giving possibilities of 50% orange and 50% red to be expressed in the
offspring.

Non Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance

Pedro has a best friend and her name is Win-Win. She loves to plant flowers.
In their garden she planted red and white gumamelas. These gumamelas later
produced pink flowers. She was amused since she never planted the pink ones.

One day she went to Bulacan in her Aunt’s house to have a vacation. Her stay
for a month extended because of the Covid-19 pandemic. When she went back home,
she noticed that her gumamelas do not just give her pink flowers but some have
streaks of red on the petals of the white ones.

Why are there different colors of gumamelas rather than red and white flowers
that Win-Win planted? Will that be explained by Mendelian laws that involves only two
phenotypes? This part of the lesson will explain the presence of more than two
phenotypes.

8
 Non-mendelian describes the pattern of inheritance that does not apply the
principle of dominance. In this type both parents contribute one of the two possible
alleles for a trait, meaning many traits can be passed from the parents to their offspring.

Before we proceed take note that genotypes are the actual traits present in an
individual and are symbolized by letters while the corresponding characteristics or the
physical appearance of traits are the phenotypes.

Types of Non Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance

1. Incomplete Dominance happens when neither of two alleles is dominant, it

will produce a heterozygous offspring or a new phenotype.

Example: Red (RR) and White (ww) gumamela will be crossed and the
offspring is Pink gumamela (Rw)

Red (R) White (w) Pink (Rw)

Alleles from parent gumamelas Third Phenotype

Note: Genotypes: RR, WW, RW Phenotypes: Red, White, Pink

Sample Problem: If Win-Win will cross a red (RR) and a white (ww) gumamela,
what will be the color of the offspring?

Genotypes Phenotype Ratio

Rw Pink 25%
R R
Rw Pink 25%
Rw Rw
W Rw Pink 25%

25% 1/4 Rw Pink 25%

25% 1/4
Rw Rw Genotypic ratio: 100% Rw
W Phenotypic ratio: 100% pink

25% 1/4 25% 1/4

In this inheritance, no red nor white gumamela will be produced but a new
heterozygous phenotype which is pink.

9
2. Codominance happens when both alleles are present in an organism.

Example: White-feathered (WW) crossed with Black-feathered (BB) chicken will

result to black and white-feathered (BW) offspring.

WHITE (W) Black (B) Black and White (BW)

Alleles from parent chickens Third Phenotype

Note: The third phenotype is not a combined trait but both alleles are expressed
independently hence the term codominance.

Sample Problem: Aven Natures Farm, the first rabbit industry in the province
of Bulacan produces spotted rabbit. Do you want to know how did they do it?

First they look for two different colored rabbit such as white and black rabbit.
The result of this inheritance is both skin colors of the parent appears on the
offspring, producing spotted-fur rabbit.

B B Genotypes Phenotype Ratio

BW Spotted 25%
BW BW
W BW Spotted 25%
25% 1/4 25% ¼
BW Spotted 25%

BW Spotted 25%
BW BW Genotypic ratio: 100% BW
W
25% ¼ 25% ¼ Phenotypic ratio: 100% Spotted

10
3. Multiple Alleles happens when more than two variations of alleles are
present. It can lead to more than two phenotypes.

Have you ever wondered how you got your blood type? How on your favorite
drama reveals the truth (e.g. real child or not) when someone who got in to an
accident and needed blood transfusion? Your question will be answered today,
and it is the application of multiple alleles.

This is the ABO system in human blood

Blood types Genotypes

A IA IA, IA i
B IB IB, IB i
AB IA IB
O ii

If the mother is type O and the father is heterogeneous type B, what will be the
genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

I am blood
I am
I amIblood
am type O
blood
type B

?
blood

Genotypes: IBi , ii
IB i
Phenotypes: Type B, Type O

IBi Ii Genotypic ratio: 50% IB i, 50% ii

Phenotypic ratio: 50% type B, 50% type O

B
i I i Ii

The offspring will be type B or type O only based on the results of the Punnett
square. If the child on the drama is type A, there can be a possibility that they are
not the biological parents of the child since the result has no genotype for type A.

11
 4. Sex-Linked Genes are genes in the chromosome that are inherited differently
between males and females.

Note: Human body is composed of 23 pairs of chromosome and the 23rd

pair is consist of sex chromosomes. Male has XY chromosomes while
female has XX chromosomes. Examples of these genes are the color
blindness and baldness in most men.

Example: Your father is tall, dark and is good in Math while your mother is short,
has fair skin, curly hair and is good in Science. This type of inheritance explains
why you as their child is tall, has fair skin and curly hair and is good in Math and
Science.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 1
NAME IT!
Directions: Complete the puzzle. Use the clues below to help you fill the boxes
with the correct answers. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

5. 1. 2.

1. A pair of genes that

controls the trait.
2. A trait that will be seen on
the F1 generation.
3.
3. A trait that will not be
seen on F1 generation but is
present on the F2 generation.
4. It is the physical appearance of
the trait.
5. The trait present in an individual.

4.

12
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 1

UNLEASH THE TRUTH!

Directions: Pedro is confused with the terminologies that he learned. Help him
identify if the statement below is correct or not. On your answer sheet,
draw a star if the underlined word is correct. If it is not write the
correct answer.

1. Gregor Mendel is the Father of Genetics.

2. In Mendelian Genetics the F2 generation will follow the dominant trait.
3. Color of the rabbit can determined by Mendelian Genetics
4. Non-Mendelian Genetics can explain the presence of 3 or more characteristics
of human.
5. If your mother is type A and your father is type B, probably you can either be
type A or type B only.
6. Genotypes are written with two numbers.
7. Straight hair is dominant over curly hair. When straight hair is crossed with
curly hair the hybrid has curly hair.
8. Having eyes that are coloredblind can be explain by the principle of Multiple
alleles.
9. Ww is an example of heterogeneous genotype.
10. WW is an example of homogeneous genotype.

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Study the Punnett square below. Given that the alleles are R for red
roses and w for white roses, answer the following questions.

Parental Generation Questions:

Parent
1. What type of cross is shown in
the given Punnett square?
(monohybrid, dihybrid)
R R 2. What type of genotype are the
offsprings? (heterozygous,
P homozygous)
a w Rw Rw 3. What are the genotypes and
r phenotypes if it was an
e incomplete dominance? Arrange
n w Rw Rw them and give their genotypic and
t phenotypic ratio.
4. What are the genotypes and
phenotypes if it was a
F1 generation codominance? Arrange them and
(offspring) give their genotypic and
phenotypic ratio.

13
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 2

HELP ME!
Directions: Help the little duckling to know the reason why she is different from the
others.

A. Use the information of little duckling’s trait to write the phenotype

(physical appearance) for each item.
Characteristic Dominant trait Recessive trait
Feather color White (W) Yellow (w)
Beak Long (L) Short (l)
Body shape round (R) Oval (r)

1. RR- _______ 4. ll-________

2. Ll- ________ 5. ww-______
3. Rr- ________ 6. rr-_______

B. Write the genotype for each item.

7. homozygous long beak-____ 9. Heterozygous round body shape- ___
8. Hybrid short beak- ____ 10. Purebreed yellow-colored feather- ___

INDEPENDENT ACTIVITY 3

GUESS THE BABY

Directions:
Mang Buboy is planning to crossbreed his eggplant. Make a Punnett square
to help him know the possible offspring of long eggplant (Ll) and round eggplant (ll).
Draw the phenotypes in each box of the Punnett square. Write the Genotypic and
Phenotypic ratio for the eggplant offspring.

Genotypes Phenotype Ratio

Genotypic ratio:
Phenotypic ratio:

14
INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT 3
LET’S INVESTIGATE!
Directions: Look for your old photos and investigate the characteristics you have
inherited from your parents. Write down your mother’s and father’s trait
in each of the boxes below. Write your inherited trait in the third box
then explain briefly how you got your traits. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.

Color of
Mother Father
Hair
Eyes
Skin
Shape of
face

You

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Rubrics for the Investigation

Description 3 2 1 Score

Shows 3-4 Shows 2 Shows 1

Content
description description description

Explanation Explanation Explanation did

Clarity of effectively considerably not target the Law
targeted the Law targeted the Law of Inheritance
Message of Inheritance of Inheritance

Total

15
CONTEXT TRACING

Directions: Did you learn from Pedro’s experience? Copy and fill in the concept map
on your answer sheet to generalize what you have learned. You can add
drawings or pictures of your examples inside the box.

16
BE LIKE PEDRO, BE CURIOUS!
Directions: Look around your community, and capture a picture or draw an
organism that shows the product for each of the inheritance: Mendelian
and Non-Mendelian. Put them neatly inside the boxes below and tell
something about them in 2-3 sentences.

When going out, ask for the guidance of your parent.

TAKE Use facemask, bring an alcohol and observe social
CARE! distancing.

Mendelian Non-Mendelian

Rubrics for the Activity

Description 3 2 1 Score

Shows organism Shows organism Shows organism

with Mendelian either Mendelian with neither
Content and non- or non- Mendelian nor
Mendelian trait Mendelian trait non-Mendelian
only trait
Explanation Explanation Explanation did
Clarity of effectively considerably not target the Law
targeted the Law targeted the Law of Inheritance
Message of Inheritance of Inheritance

Total

17
LET’S BE CHOOSY
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer that best corresponds to each
question. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. What do you call the way used to determine the possible genotypes and phe-
notypes of offspring in a cross?
a. Punnett square c. Mendelian Law
b. Crossbreed d. Non- Mendelian Law
2. Right handedness is dominant over left handedness, when both traits were
crossed, what will be the trait of the possible offspring?
a.Left handed c. left and right handed
b.Right handed d. Cannot be determined
3. What type of cross is responsible for the inheritance of only one gene?
a. Monohybrid cross c. polyhibrid cross
b. dihybrid cross d. hybrid cross
4. Mang Buboy’s red tomato (RR) came from 2 pure-breed red tomato (RR),
what do you now call those red tomatoes (RR)?
a. Monohybrid c. hybrid
b. dihybrid d. polyhybrid
For items 5-8. The genotype of the father is Ibi while the mother is ii.
5. What is/are the genotype/s of the offspring?
a. Ibi c. ia
b. ii d. both Ibi and ii
6. What is/are the phenotype/s of the offspring?
a. Type B c. type B and type O
b. Type O d. Type A and type O
7. The probability of the parents to have type O offspring?
a.0% c. 50%
b.25% d. 100%
8.The percentage of the child to be type A?
a. 0% c. 50%
b. 25% d. 100%
9.What type of genotype is composed of similar alleles that produce gametes
that are all alike?
a. Homozygous genotype c. both a and b
b. heterozygous genotype d. cannot be determined
10.In Mendelian genetics if the genotype is heterozygous, what will be the
phenotype?
a. Follow the dominant trait c. Depend on the law
b. Follow the recessive trait d. follow dominant and recessive trait
11. In Non-Mendelian genetics, if the genotype is heterozygous, what will be the
phenotype?
a. Follow the dominant trait c. Depend on the law
b. Follow the recessive trait d. follow dominant and recessive trait
12. Is it true that sex-linked trait can be explained by Mendelian genetics?
a. True c. depends on the law
b. false c. cannot be determined
18
 13. A white cat having orange patches (OW) (even though his parents are pure
white (WW) and pure orange (OO) is an example of what kind of inheritance?
a. Principle of dominance c. codominance
b. incomplete dominance d. multiple alleles
14. When the two white ducks (Ww) are crossed, will they produce only white
ducklings (Ww)?
a. Yes because parents are both white.
b. Yes because white is the dominant trait.
c. No, the recessive trait might takes place.
d. No, the dominant trait is not mentioned.
15. What do you call the offspring of two pure-breed organism?
a. Parental generation c. F2 generation
b. F1 generation d. F3 generation

“IF YOU WERE A...”

Directions: Perform the task that best suits your skill and interest. Choose one
from the options given below.

If you were a pet breeder…

Make a Punnett square for your favorite breed of animals with their traits
like color of their feather/fur/scale, length of the tail, shortness or tallness,
and a like. Make certain combinations of traits that best suit your interest.

If you were a composer…

Write a poem or a song about learning genetics and its importance in the
society.

If you were a visual artist…

Create a poster or an illustration of your understanding of genetics and
share them with your friends and relatives.

Rubrics for the Activity

Description 3 2 1
Shows accurate Shows few error in Shows some
Accurate concepts concept erroneous concepts

Shares critical Shares superficial Shows some super-

Critical thought on the unit thought ficial thought

The work is The work is The work is not

Creative creatively done somewhat creatively done
creatively done

19
 20
What I Know Independent Activity 2
1. Monohybrid
1. H
2. A 2. Homozygous
3. B
3. 4 Rw– 4 pink
4. K
5. L Genotypic ratio: 100% Rw
6. D
Phenotypic ratio: 100% pink
7. E
8. C 4. 4 Rw– 4 patched/dotted and pink
9. J
flowers
10. M
11. N Genotypic ratio: 100% Rw
12. P
Phenotypic ratio: 100% patched/
13. O
14. I dotted and pink flowers
15. F
What’s In
1. Meiosis- type of cell division that produces sex cells
2. Mitosis- type of cell division tha produces two identical cells
3. Prophase- atthis stage the nuclear membrane are still present
4. Metaphase- a stage where nuclear membrane of the cell disappeared
5. Anaphase- the stage where the paired centromeres of each chromosome
eparate towards the opposite poles
6. Telophase- the stage where the chromosomes are at the opposite poles of
the spindle
7. Genes- factor that control the appearance of the trait
8. Genetics- Study of heredity and vvariation
9. Heredity- the passing of features or traits that are passed from parents to
Offspring
10. Chromosomes- organized structure of DNA and protein
What’s New
1. Red and orange tomato
2. dominant-red, recessive-orange
3. hybrid
4. Monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross
 21
Independent Activity 1 Independent Activity 3
Independent Assessment 1
Independent Assessment 3
Independent Assessment 2
22
 References
Handsall, A.S. High School Science Today. Makati, Philippines. Diwa Learning Systems
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Campo, Chavez, Catala, Catris, Ferido, Fontanilla, Gutierrez, Jusayan, Mantala, Maramag,
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