TRIPLE I’s REVIEWER (4TH QUARTER) one variable to determine its changes on
By: Gemuel Balona another variable
DATA GETHERING- the process of collecting and
acquiring data. It also directs to the testing of
hypothesis and testing of variables that leads to
data analysis and conclusion. ` that have a storied form. A common
TYPES OF DATA GATHERING
Survey Questionnaires- is a printed set of
open-ended or closed-ended questions that
respondents must answer based on their
knowledge and experience with the issue. The
questionnaire is part of the survey, whereas the
questionnaire’s end goal may or may not be a
survey.
Interview- face-to-face interviews, the
interviewer asks a series of questions to the
interviewee in person and notes down
responses. If it is not feasible to meet the
person, the interviewer can go for a telephone
interview.
Focus Group Discussion- Focus groups are one
example of qualitative data in education. In a
focus group, a small group of people, around 8-
10 members, discuss the common areas of the
research problem. Each individual provides his
or her insights on the issue concerned.
Observation- is way of gathering data by
watching behaviour, events, or noting physical
characteristics in their natural setting.
Observations can be overt (everyone knows
they are being observed) or covert (no one
knows they are being observed and the
observer is concealed).
Experiment- is a standard method of data
collection that involves the manipulation of the
samples by applying some form of treatment
prior to data collection. It refers to manipulating
QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
Narrative Analysis- a cluster of analytic
methods for interpreting texts or visual data
assumption of narrative methods is that people
tell stories to help organize and make sense of
their lives and their storied accounts are
functional, and purposeful.
Content Analysis- a research tool used to
determine the presence of certain words,
themes, or concepts within some given
qualitative data (i.e. text). Using content
analysis, researchers can quantify and analyze
the presence, meanings, and relationships of
such certain words, themes, or concepts.
Thematic Analysis- Thematic analysis is a
method for analyzing qualitative data that
involves reading through a set of data and
looking for patterns in the meaning of the data
to find themes. It is an active process of
reflexivity in which the researcher's subjective
experience is at the center of making sense of
the data.
Discourse Analysis- Critical discourse analysis
(or discourse analysis) is a research method for
studying written or spoken language in relation
to its social context. It aims to understand how
language is used in real life situations.
WAYS TO CONSTRUCT FINDING
Conclusion- is where you wrap up your ideas
and leave the reader with a strong final
impression. It has several key goals: Restate the
problem statement addressed in the paper.
Summarize your overall arguments or findings.
Suggest the key takeaways from your paper.
Recommendation -are suggestions/solutions
that address certain problems based on your
study results. Purpose. Discuss the importance
of your research study and the difference it
makes. Lists specific actions to be taken with
regard to policy, practice, theory, or subsequent
research.
Abstract- a short summary of your completed
research. It is intended to describe your work
without going into great detail. Abstracts should
be self-contained and concise, explaining your
work as briefly and clearly as possible.
FORMAT OF RESEARCH PAPERS
Preliminary Page
- title, page, acknowledgement page, table of
content, etc.
-gives you background information on your
topic, answering questions such as who, what,
when and where.
Body
Chapter I: Introduction
-Introduces the research problem and the
evidence supporting the existence of the
problem. It outlines an initial review of the
literature on the study topic and articulates the
purpose of the study. The definitions of any
technical terms necessary for the reader to
understand are essential.
Chapter II: Review of Literature.
-Covers the literature review. It provides a
detailed analysis of the theory/conceptual
framework used in the study. In addition,
chapter 2 offers a thorough synthesis of the
available, current, scholarly literature on all
aspects of the topic, including all points of view.
Chapter III: Methodology (Research Design &
Methods)
- Explains the research method being used in
the study. It describes the instruments
associated with the chosen research method
and design used; this includes information
regarding instrument origin, reliability, and
validity. Chapter 3 details the planned research
approach, design, and analysis.
Chapter IV: Presentation of Research (Results/
Findings)
- Data analysis, whether quantitative or
qualitative, is intended to summarize a mass of
information to answer the research questions,
test the hypotheses, examine the foreshadowed
problems, and explore the conjectures.
Chapter V: Summary, Implications, Conclusions
(Discussion)
- summarizes the research study and presents
the research implications/suggestions for future
research and recommendations for practice. A
descriptive conclusion, including a summary of
the study, the importance of the study, and the
problem addressed, should be included in
chapter 5