MATHEMATICS

MATERIAL FOR GRADE 12

EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY

MEMORANDA
QUESTION 1

1.1 (a) Sum of two opposite interior angles answer (1)

(b) The angle on the alternate segment answer (1)
(c) Supplementary answer (1)
C

2 1

O
2 1

A B

1.2 Construction: Join CO and produce it. construction

     
Proof: In ΔACO, O 2  A  C 2 (ext. Angle of a Δ) O2  A  C 2
   
But A  C 2 (OA = OC = radii)  A  C2
    
 O2  C2  C2  O2  2 C2
   
O2  2 C2  O 1  2 C1
 

Similarly we can prove that O1  2 C1    
    O 2  O 1  2 C 2  2 C1
O 2  O 1  2 C 2  2 C1
 
(6)
 AO B  2 AC B
 Q

P
T

O
x
S

1.3.1   S R
S  Q x ( sub. by same segment PR)

 Q R S  Q  x (alt.angle PQ // RS ) S R

 QPS ( sub.by same segment QS or alt )
S R (6)
x
1.3.2  S
P T R = 𝑥 + 𝑥 (ext. Angle of a ΔPQT) 2 𝑥 (2)
=2𝑥
1.3.3 
P O R  2 x (  at the centre =2  at the circumference) S  R

They are sub. by
= PTR
same segment PR
But they are sub. by same segment PR
(3)
 PTOR is cyclic
[20]
QUESTION 2

2.1 (a) Opposite angles of a cyclic quad are supplementary. answer (1)
(b) Angle at centre is twice angle at circumference. answer (1)
̂ = 30°
(c) 𝑈 answer (1)
(d) Tan chord theorem answer (1)
(e) Radius is perpendicular to tangent answer (1)
A

B 2 1
D
1
C 2

50° F
E

2.2   R
E  F  50 (EA = AF)
 
S R
F  D1  50 (corr. angles EF // CD)
 
B 2  D1  180 (opp.angles of a cyclic)

S R
B2  50  180

 B 2  130 answer
OR (6)

𝐸̂ = 𝐹̂ = 50° given R
 
F  D1  50 corr. angles EF // CD S R
̂ 1+𝐷
𝐷 ̂ 2= 180° adjacent angles on a str line
̂
𝐷2= 180° − 50°
= 50° S R

̂ 2= 𝐵̂2
But 𝐷 ext angle of cyclic quad
answer
∴ 𝐵̂2=130°
(6)
[11]
QUESTION 3

R
Q

1
O 2
1
T
A

S
3.1    
P  O1 (alternate angles)  P  O1
  

O1 = 2 S (angle at the centre)  O1  2 S
  angle at the
but S  R (OS = OR radii) centre
   
P  2R  S R
OR  

  P  2R
P  O1 (alternate angles) (5)
 
𝑄1 = S  R (ext.angle of a Δ)
 
but S  R (OS = OR radii)
 
P  2R
3.2. OS = OA = 𝑥 + 2 radii OA = 𝑥 + 2
RT=ST= 4cm line from centre to mid-point
(OS)2= (ST)2+(OT)2 Pythagoras theorem  RT = 4
 Pythagoras
(𝑥 + 2)2= (4)2+(𝑥)2

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 16 + 𝑥 2
4𝑥 =12
∴𝑥=3 𝑥 = 3

OA= 𝑥 + 2 OA= 5
=3+2
𝑂𝐴 = 5 ∴ 𝑂𝑆 = 5 (5)
[10]

QUESTION 4

C
A
O
.
J H

F
B E
4.1 OA  AD rad  tan R
OC  DC rad  tan 𝑅
In ∆ 𝐷𝐴𝐻 and ∆ 𝑂𝐶𝐻
̂ = 𝐻
𝐻 ̂ common 𝑅
𝑅
𝑂𝐶̂ 𝐻 = 𝐻𝐴̂ 𝐷 both = 90°
̂ 𝐶 = 𝐻𝑂̂ 𝐶
A𝐷 3rd angle

∴ ∆ 𝐷𝐴𝐻 /// ∆ 𝑂𝐶𝐻 ( Ð; Ð ; Ð ) (4)

4.2. DA AH DH
  (DAH ||| OCH) 𝑆R
OC CH OH

OC  DH 
OH  OC  DH
DA OH 
OC = OA (Radii) DA
DC = DA (tangent from same point) R

OA  DH SR
OH 
DC
(6)
[10]

QUESTION 5

5.1 is perpendicular to the chord ✓ (1)

5.2 The line from the centre of the circle perpendicular to ✓The line from the centre of
the chord, bisects the chord the circle perpendicular to
the chord
✓ bisects the chord (2)
5.3

5.3.1 AO AE
 OE // BC ✓S✓R
OB EC (2)
AO=OB.....Radii
⟹ AE = EC
5.3.2 𝐶̂ = 90° (angle in semi⊙) ✓S/R
̂
𝐸 1 = 90° (corr. angles; OD || BC) ✓R (2)
5.3.3 OE2 = 102 − 82 (theorem of Pyth) ✓S
OE2 = 100− 64 = 36 ✓OE = 6 cm
OE = 6 cm ✓answer (3)
∴ED = 4 cm

[10]
QUESTION 6

6.1
C

2
1

6.1 Construction: Draw diameter TC and join BC. ✓construction

C𝐵̂T = 90° (∠ in semi ⊙) ✓S / R

𝐶̂ +𝑇̂2 = 90° (∠′ 𝑠𝑜𝑓 ∆)
✓S
𝑇̂1+𝑇̂2 = 90° (tangent ⊥ r)
✓S/ R
∴ 𝐶̂ = 𝑇̂1
✓S/ R
But 𝐶̂ = 𝐴̂ (∠’s in same segment)
∴ 𝑇̂1 = 𝐴̂ ✓conclusion (6)
6.2

6.2.1 𝑆̂1= 65° (corr ∠’s; AN || SV ) ✓S R

𝑌̂3 = 65° (tan-chord th) ✓S R
̂
𝑁1 = 65° (tan-chord th) ✓S R (3)
6.2.2 𝑆̂1 = 𝑁
̂1 ✓𝑆1 = 𝑁1
̂ ̂
VYSN is a cyclic quad ✓YV subtends equal angles
(YV subtends equal angles) (2)
6.2.3 𝑆̂2 = 65° (∠’s in same segment) ✓S✓R

̂ 3 = 65°
𝑁 (alt. ∠’s; AN || SV) ✓S✓R
∴ 𝐴̂ = 𝑁
̂3
AS = SN (sides opp equal angles) ✓R (5)
[16]
QUESTION 7

7.1 GA = 72 units ( diagononals of parm) ✓SR

𝐴𝐹 40 5
=
𝐹𝐷 24
= 3
(line ||one side triangle) ✓S✓R
3
GH = 8 × 72
✓27 (4)
= 27 units
OR

GA = 72 units ( diagonals of parm) ✓SR

𝐺𝐻 24
= 64 (line ||one side triangle) ✓S✓R
72

✓27 (4)
GH = 27
7.2 ✓area ∆ 𝐴𝐻𝐹
1
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆ 𝐴𝐻𝐹
= 2
𝐴𝐻.𝐴𝐹.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 ✓area ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
1
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
2
.𝐴𝐶.𝐴𝐷.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
✓correct substitution
45.40
= 144.64
✓answer (4)
25
= 128

OR
1 ✓area ∆ 𝐴𝐻𝐹 ✓area ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆ 𝐴𝐻𝐹 .45.40 25
= 21 = 64
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆𝐴𝐺𝐷 .72.64
2 ✓∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 2 × ∆𝐴𝐺𝐷
But ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 2 × ∆𝐴𝐺𝐷
𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆𝐴𝐻𝐹 25 25 ✓answer (4)
∴ 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 24×6 = 128

[8]
QUESTION 8

8.1 𝐵̂2 = x (radii =) ✓S

𝐵̂4 = x (tan-chord th) ✓SR
𝐴̂ = x (corr ∠’s; BD || AO) ✓S (3)

8.2 𝐵̂2 +𝐵̂3 = 90° ( ∠ in semi ⊙) ✓R

C𝐵̂E = 90° + x ✓90° + x (2)
8.3.1 In ∆ CBD and ∆ CEB:
𝐶̂ = 𝐶̂ ✓S
𝐵̂4 = 𝐸̂ =x ✓S (2)
𝐷̂ 2 = C𝐵̂E
∴ ∆ CBD ||| ∆ CEB (∠∠∠)
8.3.2 𝐶𝐵 = 𝐵𝐷 (||| triangles) ✓S✓R
𝐶𝐸 𝐸𝐵
EB. CB = CE. BD ✓SR
𝐹̂ 1 = 90° (corr ∠’s; BD || AO) ✓SR
BF = FE (line from centre to mdpt of chord)
∴ BE = 2EF ✓replacing BE (5)
∴ 2EF.CB = CE.BD
8.3.3 2𝐸𝐹 = 𝐵𝐷 out of / uit 10.4 ✓S
𝐶𝐸 𝐵𝐶
But/maar ∆ BCD ||| ∆ ACO (∠∠∠) ✓SR
𝐵𝐷
∴ 𝐴𝑂 = 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ✓S
𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝑂
= 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶
✓S
2𝐸𝐹 𝐴𝑂
= 𝐴𝐶
𝐶𝐸
(4)
[16]
QUESTION 9

9.1 P

.
O2
1

S
M

R
9.1 Const: Draw radii OM and OS (also accepted on sketch) construction
Proof:
 statement
Ô1  2 P (  at centre  2 at the circumference)
reason

Ô 2  2 R (  at centre  2 at the circumference) statement/reason
 
 Ô1  Ô 2  2( P  R ) 
 
but Ô1  Ô 2  360 ( revolution ) O1  O 2  360
  
 2( P  R )  360  

  2(P  R)  180
P  R  180
(6)
9.2 B

.
M

D
9.2    
B  D  180 (opp. s of a cyclic quad.)  B  D  180
 opp. s of a cyclic
quad
 2  2
B  .(180)  B  .(180)
5 5
= 72°
   
AM C = 2B (  at the centre)  AM C = 2B
= 2(72°)   at the centre
= 144° 144° (6)

OR OR
 
Let B  2 x  B  2 x and
 
D  3x D  3x
2x + 3x = 180° (opp. s of a cyclic quad.) 2x + 3x = 180°
 opp. s of a cyclic
5x = 180° quad

x = 36°

 
A M C = 4x (  at the centre)  A M C = 4x
  at the centre
= 4(36°)

= 144° answer
9.3 E

D
1
2 3

1
2 1 2
A B
C

9.3.1  
D 3  90 (AB is a diameter)  D 3  90
  AB is a diameter
C1  C 2  90 (given)  
    C1  C 2  90
D 3  C1  C 2 (both = 90°)   
 ACED is a cyclic quadrilateral (ext.  of a quad =  D 3  C1  C 2
interior opp  )  ext.  of a quad =
interior opp  (5)
9.3.2
In ∆ADB,   
    A 2  B  D 3  180
A 2  B  D 3  180 ( s in a ∆)   
    D 1  D 2  D 3  180
D 1  D 2  D 3  180 ( s on a st. line)  
      D2  B
A 2  B  90 = D1  D 2  D 3 
   between tan and chord
D2  B ( between tan . and chord)
 
 A 2  D1 (4)
9.3.3    
A 2  E (ext  of a cyclic quad ACED)  A2  E
   ext  of a cyclic
A 2  D1 (from above) quad ACED
 
 
D1  E  A 2  D1
EC = DC ( side opp of equal angles)  EC = DC (4)
 ∆ CDE is isosceles [25]
QUESTION 10

2 15
S
P Q
1 2

8
1 14
2
T

10.1 In ∆PQR and ∆PTS

 
1. P is common  P is common
   
2. Q  P T S ( both = 90 )  Q  P T S (both= 90
  )
3. R  P S T (rem. s of a ∆)  
R  PST or
∆PQR ||| ∆PTS ( ) (  ) (3)

10.2.1 PQ QR PR PQ QR PR
  (∆PQR ||| ∆PTS)   
PT TS PS PT TS PS
PQ = 16 2  14 2 (Pythagoras thm)  16 2  14 2
60 or 2 15
=
PQ PR

PT PS
PQ = 2 15 or 60
60 16
 60 16
8 PS  
16 . 8 8 PS
PS =
60 answer
= 16,52 cm (5)
10.2.2 Perimeter of ∆PQR = 16 + 14 + 60 16 + 14 + 60
= 37,75cm answer (2)
[10]
QUESTION 11

1 O D
A 2
3

1 2

B
C

11.1    
A 1  B1 (tan-chord thm)  A 1  B1
 
A1  C (tan-chord thm) tan-chord thm
 
 
 B1  C  A1  C
But they are corresponding s  
 OB ║ DC  B1  C
 But they are
corresponding s
(5)
11.2 AB AO AB AO
 (line drawn ║ to one side of a ∆)  
AC AD AC AD
1 1
= (OA = r ; AD = 2r)  (2)
2 2
[7]
QUESTION 12

P
2
1
28 cm

41 cm

14 cm

2
1
Q
R S
12.1    
P 2  S2 (alt s PR║TS)  P 2  S2

= S1 (given)  RS  41cm
 RS  PR = 41 cm (side opp. to equal s )
SQ QT
 (line drawn ║ to one side of a ∆)
SR TP SQ 14
SQ 14  
 41 28
41 28  line drawn // to one
14 side of a ∆
 SQ  (41) = 20,5 cm
28  answer
(5)
12.2
In ∆PQR and ∆TQS
 
Q  Q (common)
 
R PQ  ST Q (corr. angles, PR║TS)
 ∆PQR ||| ∆TQS
∆PQR ||| ∆TQS ( )

ST 14
 (∆PQR ||| ∆TQS) ST 14
41 42  
41 42
41,14
ST 
42 answer
 13,67 cm
(4)

[9]
QUESTION 17

17.1.1 Equal to the angle on the alternating segment.  (1)

17.1.2 Supplementary  (1)
̂ 2 = 40°
17.2.1 A [tan chord theorem] S /R

̂ 5 = 40°
A [vert. opp. Angles] S/R

̂2 = 40°
P [tan chord theorem] S/R
(6)
P1 = 𝑄̂1 = 40°
17.2.2 ̂ but these are cor angl. (PN ∥ TQ) S/R
̂
𝑃1 = 𝐴4̂ given
𝐴̂1 = 𝑃̂1 but these are cor. angl. (PT ∥ NR) S/R
∴ PNRT is a parallelogram pair of opp.sides ∥ S/R
(5)
17.3.1 BÊD = B̂1 = 𝑥 [alt. angle, AB ∥ EC] S/R
̂
ADE = B ̂1 = 𝑥 [angle in same segment] S/R
̂ 2 = BE
A ̂D = 𝑥 [angle in same segment] S/R
̂ 2 = EA
B ̂B = 𝑥 + 𝑦 [tan. chord] S/R
Ĉ + B
̂1 + B
̂ 2 = 180° [co-int. angles, AB ∥ EC] S/R
̂ S
∴ C = 180° − 2𝑥 − 𝑦
(6)
17.3.2 BF̂D = 2𝑥 ext.angle of ∆ FED S/R
̂C = 180° − 2𝑥 − 𝑦 proven S
BF̂D +Ĉ = 180° − 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑥 S

= 180° − 𝑦

∴ BF̂D + Ĉ ≠ 180° opposite angles not supplementary S

∴ Becky she is correct. (5)

[24]
QUESTION 18

18.1

Join RO and OP

Let 𝑂̂1 = 2𝑥 constr

𝑂̂1 = 2𝑥
̂ 2 = 360° − 2𝑥
O angles around a point S

𝑇̂ = 𝑥 angle at centre = 2 angle at circ. S

𝑆̂ = 180° − 𝑥 angle at centre = 2 angle at circum

S/R
Ŝ + T
̂ = 𝑥 + 180° − 𝑥
(6)
∴ Ŝ + T
̂ = 180°
18.2

O
2
1
B
1
2 1
2
D
1 2 2 1
P
E C
18.2.1 Ĉ1 = 90° [angle in semi-circle] S/ R
D̂ 1 = 90° [OE⊥BC] S
∴ Ĉ1 = D̂ 1 = 90°
∴ OE ∥ CA [corr. angles equal] R
(4)
18.2.2 Ĉ2 = A
̂ =𝑥 [tan. chord] S /R
̂=O
A ̂1 = 𝑥 [corr. Angles, OE ∥ CA]  S/R
(3)
18.2.3 ̂+A
P ̂ + Ĉ1 + Ĉ2 = 180° [sum of the angles of triangle] S /R
̂ + 𝑥 + 90° + 𝑥 = 180°
P
∴̂P = 90° − 2𝑥 answer
(3)
[16]

QUESTION 19

̂1 = B
19.1 A ̂2 = 𝑥 [tan chord] S/R
̂3 = B
A ̂2 = 𝑥 [alternating angles, AC // BT] S/R
̂3 = T
A ̂1 = 𝑥 [angles subt by same chord] S/R
̂1 = T
But T ̂4 = 𝑥 [vert opp. angles]  S/R

∴T̂4 = Â1 = 𝑥 S
∴ PT is a tangent to circle ADT. [Angle between line and chord]
(5)
19.2 In ∆ APT and ∆TPD

̂
P=̂ P common
̂1 = 𝑥
̂4 = A
T proven S/R

̂P = D
AT ̂2 3rd angle of triangle S/R

∴ APT ||| TPD angle, angle, angle S/R

(3)
19.3 AP PT
= PD [ APT ||| TPD ] S /R
PT

AP. PD = PT. PT
1
1 DP= 3 AP
AP. AP = PT 2
3

AP 2 = 3PT 2 S
(4)
[12]
QUESTION 20

20.1 PT = TQ = 12cm … (line from center perpendicular to

chord PQ)
A R
 PQ = 12 cm + 12 cm = 24cm
A answer (2)

20.2 OT2 = OQ2 – QT2 ….. pythagoras

= 132 – 122

= 169 – 144

= 25

 OT = 5 A OT = 5

 TR = OR– OT

= 13cm – 5cm CA TR = 8cm

= 8cm

In Δ PTR, PR2 = TR2 + PT2

= 82 + 122

= 64 + 144

= 208 cm2 CA PR2 =208

 PR = 208 cm or 4 13 cm or 14,42 cm CA PR = 4 13 or

14,42 (4)

[6]
QUESTION 21

21.1 Interior opposite angle A S (1)

21.2 Q

Aconstruction

1
O 2 P

2 x
1
K L M

Construction : Draw diameter LOQ and join QP or

Join OL and OP

STATEMENT REASON

Let PL̂M  Lˆ1  x

Pˆ1  Pˆ2  90 o angle subtended by the

diameter AS/R

Lˆ 2  90 o  x LM  OL, tan – radius

AS/R
 Q̂  x Sum of the angles of a
triangle AS

N̂  x Subtended by the same chord

LP
AS/R (5)
PL̂M  N̂
21.3.1 Â  180 o  AÊD … co interior ' s , AB//ED A S/R

= 180o – 70o
A 110o (2)
o
= 110

21.3.2 B̂1  70 o ... ext  cyclic quad ABDE A R

A 70o (2)

21.3.3 D̂ 2  B̂1  70 o ....  alt s ; DE//CA  CA 70o

A S/R (2)

21.3.4 B̂ 2  D̂ 2  70 o ... s opp  sides CA 70o

A S/R (2)

 
21.3.5 Ê 1  180 o  B̂ 2  D̂ 2 ...   sum of Δ  CA Eˆ 1  40 o

= 180o – 140o CA Dˆ 1  40 o

= 40o A R (3)

 D̂1  Ê1  40 o ... tan chord theorem [17]

QUESTION 22

22.1 P̂1  B̂ 2  x ... alt s ; SP//BC A S

P̂2  P̂1  x ... given A R

Q1  P1  x ... tan chord theorem A S/R

A S (4)

22.2 PC = BC … P̂2  B̂ 2  x proved above A Pˆ2  Bˆ 2  C  x

(Δ PCB) Areason (2)

22.3 Q̂ 1  B̂ 2  x ... proved A S

 RCQB is a cyclic quad A R (2)

… converse ' s in the same segment

22.4 Ŝ  B̂3 ... corresp ' s SP || BC A S/R

= R̂ 3 ... ' s in the same segment, cyclic quad RCQB A S/R

In Δ PBS and Δ QCR

P̂1  Q̂ 1  x ... proved A S/R

Ŝ  R̂ 3 … proved A S/R

Remaining s equal A R (5)

 Δ PBS ||| Δ QCR

22.5 In Δ PBQ and Δ PCR AS

P̂2 is common

PQ̂B  R̂ 2 ... ext  of cyclic quad RCQB A S/R

Δ PBQ ||| Δ PCR … (3rd  Δ) A S/R

PB QB
  (||| Δ s) A (4)
CP CR

 PB. CR = QB. CP [17]

QUESTION 23

In Δ KLM

LD 8 AS/R
 … (LM//DE; proportionality theorem)
9 6

 LD = 12
A LD = 12
 
DML  MD̂E  x … alt s , LM || DE A S

Aanswer
 LM = LD = 12 … (sides opp = s )
A R (5)

[5]

QUESTION 24

24.1.1 𝑃̂1+𝑃̂2= 90° ( ∠ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖 ⨀ ) ✓ S✓R

𝑆̂ = 60° (∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆ ) ✓S (3)
24.1.2 𝑇̂4= 85° ( vertically opposite ∠𝑠 ✓S
𝑃̂1 = 35° ( ∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆) ✓S
𝑅̂ 3= 35° (∠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡) ✓S✓R

OR
𝑇̂4= 85° (vertically opposite ∠𝑠) ✓S

𝑃̂1 = 35° ( ∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆ ) ✓S✓R

𝑃̂2 = 55°
𝑁𝑂̂𝑅 = 110° (∠ 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒; ∠ 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓) ✓S (4)
180°−110°
𝑅̂ 3= =35° ( ∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓∆)
2
24.1.3 𝑂̂1 = 70° ( ∠𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 … ) ✓S✓R
𝑁̂ 1= 25° (∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆) ✓S✓R

OR
 𝑃̂2 = 90° − 35° = 55° ✓S
𝑁̂2 = 35° (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙) ✓S
𝑁̂1 = 180° − (35° + 35° + 30° + 55°) = 25° ✓S
(∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆) ✓R (4)

24.1.4 𝑃̂2 = 55° (∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ∆) ✓S

𝑅̂ 4= 𝑃̂2= 55° ( tan-chord theorem) ✓S✓R (3)
24.2 𝑁̂ 1 ≠ 𝑅̂ 3 ✓S (25° ≠ 35°)
∴ NT is not a tangent to that circle ✓Justification (2)

[16]

QUESTION 25

25.1 𝐸𝐹
=
5
( Prop theorem – FB || DC) ✓S✓R (2)
𝐸𝐷 11
25.2 8 5 ✓S
=
𝐸𝐷 11
88
✓S (2)
ED = 5 = 17,6
25.3 In ∆EFB and ∆EDC :
𝐸̂ is common ✓
𝐹̂ 1 = 𝐷
̂ (corres ∠𝑠; AB || DC); AB || DC ✓SR
𝐵̂1 = E𝐶̂ D (∠𝑠 of ∆)
∆EFB |||∆EDC (∠∠∠)
𝐷𝐶 𝐸𝐷 ✓∆𝐸𝐹𝐵 |||∆𝐸𝐷𝐶 ✓R
=
𝐹𝐵 𝐸𝐹 ✓S
 𝐷𝐶 11
=
6 5
DC = 13,2 ✓answer (6)
25.4 In ∆AGF and ∆CGD :
𝐺̂ 1= 𝐺̂ 3 (vert opp ∠𝑠) ✓
𝐴̂= 𝐶̂ 1 (alt ∠𝑠 AB || DC) ✓S R
̂ ̂
𝐹 3= 𝐷 (∠𝑠 of ∆)
∆AGF ||| ∆CGD (∠∠∠) ✓∆𝐴𝐺𝐹 ||| ∆𝐶𝐺𝐷 ✓R
𝐴𝐺 𝐴𝐹
=
𝐺𝐶 𝐷𝐶 ✓S
𝐴𝐺 14 35 ✓S
= = 33 (6)
𝐺𝐶 13,2

33 33
25.5 GC = 68 ×18 = 8,74 ✓68
✓answer (2)
[18]

QUESTION 26

26.1.1 In ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅: ✓all 3 statements

AD = DQ ✓R (2)
AE = PR
𝐴̂= 𝐴̂
∴ ∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ≡ ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 (𝑆∠𝑆)

26.1.2 𝐷̂ 1 = 𝑄̂ (≡) ✓𝐷
̂ 1 = 𝑄̂
𝐵̂ = 𝑄̂ (given) ✓𝐷
̂ 1= 𝐵̂
𝐷̂ 1= 𝐵̂
∴ DE∥ BC (corresponding ∠s =) ✓R (3)
26.1.3 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 (line ∥ to one side of ∆) ✓S/R
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
But/ maar AD = PQ and AE = PR ✓S
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑅
(2)
 26.2

26.2.1 In ∆𝑄𝑆𝑃 and ∆𝑄𝑇𝐾:

𝑄̂ 1 is common ✓𝑄̂ 1 is common
𝑆̂= 90° (∠ in semi ⨀) ✓𝑆̂= 90° ✓R
̂
𝑆 = 𝑇1̂ ✓𝑆̂ = 𝑇̂1
𝑃̂1+ 𝑃̂2= 𝐾̂1 (∠𝑠 𝑜𝑓∆) ✓3rdangle or ∠∠∠
∆𝑄𝑆𝑃|||∆ 𝑄𝑇𝐾 (∠∠∠)
(5)
✓S
2
26.2.2 𝑃𝑆 = 𝑃𝑄 − 𝑆𝑄2 2
(theorem of Pythagoras)
𝑃𝑄 𝑆𝑃
But 𝑄𝐾 = 𝑇𝐾 (|||∆′ 𝑠) ✓S✓R
𝑆𝑃.𝑄𝐾
PQ =
𝑆𝑃.𝑄𝐾 ✓PQ = 𝑇𝐾 (4)
𝑇𝐾
2
𝑆𝑃 . 𝑄𝐾 2
2
𝑃𝑆 = 2
− 𝑆𝑄 2
𝑇𝐾

[16]
QUESTION 27

27.1.1 90°  ans (1)

27.1.2 Angle in the alternate segment  ans (1)
27.2 A
E

F
3 2

O .
3
1
2
1

2
1
3
B
4

1
D2

C
  S R
27.2.1 B4  E = x (tan chord theorem)
 
S R
B4  A = x ( corresponding angles) hoeke)
 
B2  E = x ( radii OE = OB) S R (6)
  S R
27.2.2 B 2  B3  90 (subtended by a diameter)
 ans

(3)
CBE  90  x
27.2.3 In ∆DBE,
EO EF
 (line ║to one side of a ∆) S  R
OD FB
EO
But/maar  1 ( radii)
OD
S
EF
1
FB
EF = FB
F is the midpoint of EB  EF = FB (4)

OR
 In ∆ EOF and ∆BOF
 
E  B2 (Proven above)

EO = OB (radii)  
   E  B2
D1  B 3 (  s opp = sides)
 
D1  O 3 (corresp  s )  
   D1  B 3
 B3  O 3  
   D1  O 3
 B3  O 2 (alt  s )

 
 O3  O 2

∆ EOF  ∆BOF (AAS)

EF = FB
∆ EOF  ∆BOF
(AAS)

27.2.4 OF  EB (line from centre to a midpoint)  S/R

EF = 4 ( F is the midpoint )
 EF = 4
2 2 2
OE = OF + EF

= 32 +42

= 25
 OE = 5
OE = 5
ans
ED = 10 cm

OR OR

F 3  90 (corresponding angles)  S/R
EF = 4 ( F is the mid pint)
OE2 = OF2 + EF2  EF = 4

= 32 +42

= 25

OE = 5  OE = 5

ED = 10 cm ans (4)
 OR
OR
1
OF = DB (midpoint theorem)
2
1
 OF = DB
DB = 6 cm 2
 DB = 6
In ∆EDB,
ED2 = 62 +82 (Pythagoras thm)

= 100 Application of
Pythagoras thm
ED = 10
 ans (4)
[19]

QUESTION 28

A
C
1 3
2
B

1
2 2
1
E 3 D

   

28.1 A  C2 (tan CD and chord C)  A  C2

 reason
= E3 (tan AEH and chord ED)  
But they are corresponding angles  C2  E3
AB║ED  reason
corresponding angles
 OR OR
     
A  C1  E 1  180 (sum of angles in a ∆)  A  C1  E 1  180 and
     
C 2  E 2  D1  180 (Sum of angles in a ∆) C 2  E 2  D1  180
 

 
 A  C2
But A  C 2 (tan CD and chord CE) reason
   
E 1  D1 (tan AEH and chord CE)  E 1  D1
 
 C1  E 2
but they are alt.angles) corresponding angles (5)
AB║ED
28.2 ACDE is a parallogram because one pair of opposite answer
sides (AC and ED) are equal and parallel reason (2)
28.3 In ∆ABH,
AC HD AC HD
 ( proportionality thm or AH ║ CD)  
CB DB CB DB
HE HD reason
 (proportionality thm or AB║ ED)
EA DB HE HD
 
AC HE EA DB

CB EA reason (4)
[11]

QUESTION 29
A
D

1
P Q
E F

B C

29.1 Const: On AB ,mark off AP = DE and on AC, mark Construction

off AQ = DF.
 Proof: In ∆APQ and ∆ DEF:
AP = DE (const)
AQ = DF ( const)
 
AD ( given / gegee) 
APQ  DEF (SAS / SHS ) APQ  DEF (SAS)
   
P1  E  P1  E
     
P1  B (E  B )  P1  B
PQ ║ BC (corresp. angles =)  PQ ║ BC

AB AC
AB AC  
 (line // one side of a  / lyn // aan een sy van ) AP AQ
AP AQ
line // to one side of
a triangle (7)
AB AC
 (AP  DE and AQ  DF)
DE DF

S
1
2 3
E
1
2

2
1 3
R
1 2

 

29.2.1 Q2  R 2 (tan-chord theorem) SR


= S2 (alt angles QS//RE)
S
 QR = RS ( side opp. of equal angles) R (4)

29.2.2 In ∆RST and ∆PQT

   
TT (common) T  T
     
R2  R3  P (ext. angle of a c.q PQRS)  R2  R3  P R
  
S 3  Q1  Q 3 (ext. angle of c.q or 3rd angle in∆) 3rd angle or
Reason

∆RST ||| ∆ PQT (AAA) (4)

29.2.3 RS ST RT  R (∆RST ||| ∆ PQT)

  (∆RST ||| ∆ PQT)
PQ QT PT

RS RT
RS RT
  
PQ PT .........................(1) PQ PT
In ∆QST, QS ║ RE

SE QR
  (line drawn parallel to one side of a ∆)
ET RT SE QR
 
SE RS ET RT
  (QR = RS proved above)  Reason
ET RT

SE RS
 
ET RT
PQ ( from equation (1)) SE RS
   (5)
PT ET RT

[20]
QUESTION 30

30.1

Q30 SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS MARK

30.1.1 BÂE = 90°  in semi-circle  S R (2)

30.1.2 Ê1 = 80 ° opp angles of cyclic quad  S R (2)

30.1.3 D1 =45° ext of ∆ FED  S R (2)

30.2 B̂1 = 35° Interior  of ∆  SR

S
𝐹̂ = 35° given
R (4)
∴ 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐶𝐹 Alternate angles =
[10]
QUESTION 31

Q31 SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS MARK

31.1

Consider other
proofs as well
G 1 H

constr.

Constr.: Measure AG = DE on AB and AH = DF on AC . Draw GH

Proof:
𝐴̂ = D
̂ …given
AG = DE …Constr.
AH = DF …Constr SR
∴ ∆𝐺𝐴𝐻 ≡ ∆𝐸𝐷𝐹 (𝑠;  ; 𝑆)
̂1 = 𝐸̂
∴ 𝐺
But ̂𝐵 = 𝐸̂ …given ̂1 =𝐵̂
𝐺
̂1 =𝐵̂
∴ 𝐺 S&R
∴ GHll BC … corresp ∠𝑠 =
S
AG AH
∴ 
AB AC S&R
(7)
DE DF
∴  … AG = DE ; AH = DF
AB AC
31.2 C

B
E

31.2.1 ̂1 = 𝐸
1) 𝐵 ̂1 …tan-chord thm S&R
(3)
̂1 …equal chords subtend equal ’s
̂2 = 𝐸
𝐸 S
̂2 = 𝐵
∴ 𝐸 ̂1
31.2.2 In ∆𝐵𝐷𝐴 and ∆𝐸𝐹𝐵 :
̂ A = 𝐹̂ …ext of cyclic quad
BD S&R

̂2 = 𝐵
∴ 𝐸 ̂1 Proven S
(4)
∴ ∆𝐵𝐷𝐴lll∆𝐸𝐹𝐵 (;;) S&R
OR
In ∆𝐵𝐷𝐴 and ∆𝐸𝐹𝐵 :
̂ A = 𝐹̂
1) BD … ext of cyclic quad S&R
̂1 = 𝐸
2) 𝐵 ̂1 … tan-chord thm S&R
̂ ̂1
𝐸2 = 𝐸 … equal chords opposite equal ’s S &R
̂2 = 𝐵
∴ 𝐸 ̂1
𝐴̂ = 𝐵
̂3 … sum of ’s in ∆ S &R

∴ ∆𝐵𝐷𝐴lll∆𝐸𝐹𝐵 (;;)

31.2.2 𝐵𝐷 𝐷𝐴 S
=
𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐵 S&R
∴ 𝐵𝐷. 𝐹𝐵 = 𝐸𝐹. 𝐷𝐴
(2)
∴ BD² = DA. EF … BD = FB
[16]
QUESTION 32

P S

D F G
E

A B C

Q32 SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS MARK

32.1. alternate ∠s ; AC ∥ DG R (1)

32.2.1 BP 𝐵𝑆
 … Prop. Thm; EF ll PS
BE 𝐵𝐹 (2)
SR
𝐵𝑃. 𝐵𝐹
𝐵𝐸 =
𝐵𝑆

32.2.2 In ΔBGP and ΔBEG:

(4)
1) Ĝ1 = P̂1 … Tan chord thm
 S&R
2) Bˆ  Bˆ … common ∠
S &R
∴ ∆𝐵𝐺𝑃lll∆𝐵𝐸𝐺 (;;) S &R
OR
In ΔBGP and ΔBEG
1) Ĝ1 = P̂1 … Tan chord thm  S&R
2) Bˆ  Bˆ … common ∠ S &R
3) BGˆ P  BEˆ G … sum of ’s in ∆

∴ ∆𝐵𝐺𝑃lll∆𝐵𝐸 S
𝐵𝐺 𝐵𝑃
= 𝐵𝐺 …∆𝐵𝐺𝑃lll∆𝐵𝐸𝐺
𝐵𝐸
32.2.3 S
∴ BG² = BP.BE
𝐵𝑃. 𝐵𝐹
𝐵𝐺 2 = 𝐵𝑃. S (3)
𝐵𝑆  Subst
 2
𝐵𝑃2 . 𝐵𝐹
𝐵𝐺 =
𝐵𝑆
𝐵𝐺 2 𝐵𝐹
∴ =
𝐵𝑃2 𝐵𝑆
[10]

QUESTION 33

20 cm

Q33 SUGGESTED ANSWER DESCRIPTORS MARK

33.1.1 FC 4 S&R
 … EF ll AD, Prop. Thm
(3)
20 5 answer
∴ FC=16
33.1.2 36 4 DC = 36
 … DE ll AB, Prop. Thm
DB 5 (4)
S&R
∴ DB= 45 answer

33.2 1 ½. 4𝑘. 16. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆ 𝐸𝐶𝐹 2 .4𝑘. 16. sin 𝐶
= ½. 9𝑘. 81. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 1   answer
2 . 9𝑘. 81. sin 𝐶
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆ 𝐸𝐶𝐹 64
= (4)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 729

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