Calculus 1 Tutor

Worksheet 9
Introduction
To Integrals

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Calculus 1 Tutor - Worksheet 9 – Introduction to Integrals

1. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(−9𝑥 8 )𝑑𝑥.

1 1
2. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫ (3 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥.

3. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 4 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

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4. Evaluate the definite integral: ∫1 (3𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

4
5. Evaluate the definite integral: ∫2 (−8𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

1 1
6. If ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 15 and ∫ 2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = −9, what does ∫ (𝑥 3 + 2 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 =?

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7. If ∫ 5 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = and ∫ 4 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 16, what does ∫ (5 𝑥 3 − 4 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 =?
4

8. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫ 9cos𝑥𝑑𝑥.

9. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(−13sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

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10. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(sec 2 𝑥 + csc 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

11. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(7cos𝑥 − 5sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

12. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(5tan𝑥sec𝑥 − 3cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

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13. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3 on the interval [−1, 2].

14. Find the area under the curve 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 on the interval [0, 5].

15. Find the area under the curve 𝑘 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 13 on the interval [0, 4].

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16. Find the area under the curve 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 − 1 on the interval [1, 3].

𝜋
17. Find the area under the curve 𝑔(𝑥) = 4cos𝑥 + 5 on the interval [0, ].
3

𝜋 𝜋
18. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = 2sin𝑥 + 3 on the interval [ 4 , 2 ].

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 𝜋
19. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = 2tan𝑥sec𝑥 on the interval [0, 4 ].

𝜋 𝜋
20. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = cot𝑥csc𝑥 on the interval [ 4 , 3 ].

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Answers - Calculus 1 Tutor - Worksheet 9 – Introduction to Integrals

1. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(−9𝑥 8 )𝑑𝑥.

The indefinite integral of a polynomial function follows the rule:

𝑎
∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝐶.

Therefore,
−9 8+1
∫(−9𝑥 8 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶 = −𝑥 9 + 𝐶
8+1

Answer: ∫(−9𝑥 8 )𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 9 + 𝐶

1 1
2. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫ ( 𝑥 2 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥.
3 2

The indefinite integral of a polynomial function follows the rules:

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

𝑎
∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝐶.

Therefore,

1 2 1 1 𝑥 2+1 1 𝑥 1+1
∫ ( 𝑥 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ( ) +( ) +𝐶
3 2 3 2+1 2 1+1
1 𝑥3 1 𝑥2
= ( ) +( ) +𝐶
3 3 2 2
𝑥3 𝑥2
= + +𝐶
9 4

1 1 𝑥3 𝑥2
Answer: ∫ (3 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = + +𝐶
9 4

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3. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 4 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

The indefinite integral of a polynomial function follows the rules:

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

𝑎
∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛+1 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝐶.

Therefore,

6 5 2
∫(6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 4 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2+1 − 𝑥 4+1 + 𝑥 1+1 + 𝐶
2+1 4+1 1+1
6 5 2
= 𝑥3 − 𝑥5 + 𝑥2 + 𝐶
3 5 2
Answer:

∫(6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 4 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 2 + 𝐶

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4. Evaluate the definite integral: ∫1 (3𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the definite integral of a

function follows the rule:
𝑏
∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑏 ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑎

1
Therefore, since 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 is the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 4 −
𝑥2,
3
∫ (3𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 (3) − 𝑓(1)
1

1 1
𝑓 (3) − 𝑓 (1) = ( (3)6 + 34 − 32 ) − ( (1)6 + 14 − 12 )
2 2
729 1
=( + 81 − 9) − ( + 1 − 1)
2 2
729 1
= + 72 − = 436
2 2

3
Answer: ∫1 (3𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 3 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 436

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5. Evaluate the definite integral: ∫2 (−8𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus states that the definite integral of a

function follows the rule:
𝑏
∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑏 ) − 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑎

Therefore, since 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −8𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 is the derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥) = −2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 ,

4
∫ (−8𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 (4) − 𝑓(2)
2

𝑓(4) − 𝑓(2) = (−2(4)4 + 42 ) − (−2(2)4 + 22 )

= (−512 + 16) − (−32 + 4)

= −512 + 16 + 32 − 4 = −468

4
Answer: ∫2 (−8𝑥 3 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = −468

1 1
6. If ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 15 and ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = −9, what does ∫ (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 =?
2 2

A property of integrals states that

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

Therefore,
1 1
∫ (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 15 + (−9) = 6
2 2

1
Answer: ∫ (𝑥 3 + 2 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 6

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7. If ∫ 5 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = and ∫ 4 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 16, what does ∫ (5 𝑥 3 − 4 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 =?
4

A property of integrals states that

∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥

Therefore,
1 1 1 1 19 13 63
∫ ( 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = − =
5 4 5 4 4 16 16
Answer:
1 1 63
∫ ( 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥 =
5 4 16

8. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫ 9cos𝑥𝑑𝑥.

An indefinite integral is evaluated using the rule ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶, where

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is the derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝐶.

The function 9𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 is the derivative of 9sin𝑥 + 𝐶.

Therefore,

∫ 9cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 9sin𝑥 + 𝐶

Answer: ∫ 9cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 9sin𝑥 + 𝐶

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9. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(−13sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

An indefinite integral is evaluated using the rule ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶, where

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is the derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝐶.

The function −13sin𝑥 is the derivative of 13cos𝑥 + 𝐶.

Therefore,

∫(−13sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 13cos𝑥 + 𝐶

Answer: ∫(−13sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 13cos𝑥 + 𝐶

10. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(sec 2 𝑥 + csc 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

An indefinite integral is evaluated using the rule ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶, where

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is the derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝐶.

The function sec 2 𝑥 is the derivative of the function tan𝑥 + 𝐶 and the function
csc 2 𝑥 is the derivative of the function −cot𝑥 + 𝐶.

Therefore,

∫(sec 2 𝑥 + csc 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = tan𝑥 − cot𝑥 + 𝐶

Answer: ∫(sec 2 𝑥 + csc 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = tan𝑥 − cot𝑥 + 𝐶

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11. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(7cos𝑥 − 5sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

An indefinite integral is evaluated using the rule ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶, where

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is the derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝐶.

The function 7cos𝑥 is the derivative of 7sin𝑥 + 𝐶 and the function −5sin𝑥 is the
derivative of the function 5cos𝑥.

Therefore,

∫(7cos𝑥 − 5sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 7sin𝑥 + 5cos𝑥 + 𝐶

Answer: ∫(7cos𝑥 − 5sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 7sin𝑥 + 5cos𝑥 + 𝐶

12. Evaluate the indefinite integral: ∫(5tan𝑥sec𝑥 − 3cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥.

An indefinite integral is evaluated using the rule ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶, where

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is the derivative of 𝑓 (𝑥) + 𝐶.

The function 5tan𝑥sec𝑥 is the derivative of 5sec𝑥 + 𝐶 and the function

3cot𝑥csc𝑥 is the derivative of the function −3csc𝑥 + 𝐶.

Therefore,

∫(5tan𝑥sec𝑥 − 3cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 5sec𝑥 + 3csc𝑥 + 𝐶

Answer: ∫(5𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥sec𝑥 − 3cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 5sec𝑥 + 3csc𝑥 + 𝐶

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13. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3 on the interval [−1, 2].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
2

∫(2𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥
−1

Evaluate the integral:

2
2 2
∫(2𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥) |
3 −1
−1

2 2
= ( (2)3 + 3(2)) − ( (−1)3 + 3(−1))
3 3
16 2
=( + 6) − (− − 3)
3 3
16 2
= + 6 + + 3 = 15
3 3

2
Answer: ∫−1(2𝑥 2 + 3)𝑑𝑥 = 15

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14. Find the area under the curve 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 on the interval [0, 5].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
5

∫(3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6 )𝑑𝑥
0

Evaluate the integral:

5
3 1 5
∫(3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6)𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥) |
3 2 0
0

1 1
= (53 − (5)2 + 6(5)) − (03 − (0)2 + 6(0))
2 2
25
= (125 − + 30) − (0)
2
= 142.5 − 0 = 142.5

5
Answer: ∫0 (3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 6)𝑑𝑥 = 142.5

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15. Find the area under the curve 𝑘 (𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 13 on the interval [0, 4].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
4

∫(4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 13 )𝑑𝑥
0

Evaluate the integral:

4
4 6 4
∫(4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 13)𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 13𝑥) |
4 3 0
0

= ((4)4 − 2(4)3 + 13(4)) − ((0)4 − 2(0)3 + 13(0))

= (256 − 128 + 52) − (0)

= 180 − 0 = 180

4
Answer: ∫0 (4𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 13)𝑑𝑥 = 180

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16. Find the area under the curve 𝑓 (𝑥) = 5𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 − 1 on the interval [1, 3].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
3

∫(5𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
1

Evaluate the integral:

3
5 6 3
∫(5𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 = ( 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 2 − 1𝑥) |
6 2 1
1

5 5
= ( (3)6 + 3(3)2 − (3)) − ( (1)6 + 3(1)2 − (1))
6 6
1215 5
=( + 27 − 3) − ( + 3 − 1)
2 6
1263 17 1886
= − =
2 6 3

3 1886
Answer: ∫1 (5𝑥 5 + 6𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥 =
3

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 𝜋
17. Find the area under the curve 𝑔(𝑥) = 4cos𝑥 + 5 on the interval [0, 3 ].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
𝜋
3

∫(4cos𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥
0

Evaluate the integral:

𝜋
3 𝜋
∫(4cos𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = (4sin𝑥 + 5𝑥) |3
0 0

𝜋 𝜋
= (4sin ( ) + 5 ( )) − (4sin0 + 5(0))
3 3

√3 5𝜋
= (4 ( ) + ) − (0 + 0)
2 3

5𝜋
= 2√3 +
3

𝜋
5𝜋
Answer: ∫03 (4cos𝑥 + 5)𝑑𝑥 = 2√3 + 3

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 𝜋 𝜋
18. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = 2sin𝑥 + 3 on the interval [ 4 , 2 ].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
𝜋
2

∫(2sin𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
4

Evaluate the integral:

𝜋
2 𝜋
2
∫ (2sin𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 = (−2cos𝑥 + 3𝑥) |𝜋
𝜋
4 4

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= (−2cos + 3 ( )) − (−2cos + 3 ( ))
2 2 4 4

3𝜋 2√2 3𝜋
= (0 + ) − (− + )
2 2 4

3𝜋 3𝜋 3𝜋
= + √2 − = + √2
2 4 4

𝜋
3𝜋
Answer: ∫ (2sin𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥 =
𝜋
2
+ √2
4
4

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 𝜋
19. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = 2tan𝑥sec𝑥 on the interval [0, 4 ].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
𝜋
4

∫(2tan𝑥sec𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0

Evaluate the integral:

𝜋
4 𝜋
∫ (2tan𝑥sec𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) | 4
0 0
𝜋
= (2𝑠𝑒𝑐 ) − (2𝑠𝑒𝑐0)
4

= (2√2) − (2)

= 2√2 − 2

𝜋
Answer: ∫0 (2tan𝑥sec𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2√2 − 2
4

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 𝜋 𝜋
20. Find the area under the curve ℎ(𝑥) = cot𝑥csc𝑥 on the interval [ 4 , 3 ].

The area under a curve 𝑓 (𝑥) on a specific interval [𝑎, 𝑏] is found using the definite
𝑏
integral ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Therefore, find the requested area by:
𝜋
3

∫ (cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
4

Evaluate the integral:

𝜋
3 𝜋
3
∫ (cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (−𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥) |𝜋
𝜋
4 4

𝜋 𝜋
= (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 ( )) − (−𝑐𝑠𝑐 ( ))
3 4

2
= (− ) − (−√2)
√3

2 √3
= √2 −
3

𝜋
2√3
Answer: ∫ (cot𝑥csc𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = √2 −
𝜋
3
3
4

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