HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

TYPES OF SYSTEMS

• Central forced-air systems

• Hot water systems
• Zone control systems
• Radiant heat

CENTRAL FORCED AIR SYSTEM

• Most common HVAC System

• Circulates air through or around heating and cooling devices
• A fan forces air into ducts
• Supply ducts transport conditioned air into building through diffusers or supply
registers
• Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through return ducts

Air handling unit (AHU)

• Device use to condition and circulate air

• Large metal box (blower, heating/cooling elements, filter, and sound
attenuators)
• Connects to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air throughout the
building and returns it to the AHU
• May need to supply heating, cooling, or both
• A furnace generates heat
o Fuel oil or natural gas
o Electric heating elements
o Heat pump
• A refrigeration system absorbs heat
o Air conditioner
o Heat pump
• Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or refrigeration
evaporator placed directly in the air stream
• Large commercial air handling units contain coils that circulate water
o Boiler provides hot water or stream
o Chiller provides chilled water

Typical AHU components:

1. Supply duct
2. Fan compartment
3. Flexible connection
4. Heating and/or cooling coil
5. Filter compartment
6. Return and fresh air

Engr. Justine Bayo

bsce | ustp-cdo
HOT WATER SYTEM

• Water heated in boiler and circulated through pipes to radiators

• Requires plumbing rather than ductwork

RADIANT HEAT

• Supply heat directly to the floor, wall, or ceiling

• Hot water pipes or electric heating elements runs through building component
• Dependent on radiant heat
o Heat transferred from hot surface to people and objects

HEAT PUMP (HP)

• A machine or device that moves heat from one location (the source) to another
location (the mechanical work)
• Can produce heating or cooling by reversing the direction of heat flow
• Can be used in:
o Forced Air System
o Hot Water System
o Radiant Heat System

HVAC (MECHANICAL) PLANS

Engr. Justine Bayo

bsce | ustp-cdo
What are the basic concepts of HVAC?

- HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. HVAC maintains the
required temperature, humidity, air pressure, and quality required in any particular
room or area.

How does HVAC affect air quality?

- Most of the time, heating and cooling system benefits home’s air quality and
removes airborne particles, but clogged ductwork and other issues can negatively
affect the air we breathe.

Where is HVAC used?

- HVAC is designed to achieve the environmental requirements of the comfort of

occupants and a process. It is more used in different types of buildings such as
industrial, commercial, residential, and institutional buildings.

What is the heating load of HVAC System?

- The amount of heat energy that would need to be added to space to maintain the
temperature on an acceptable range.

What is the cooling load of HVAC system?

- The amount of heat energy that would need to be removed from a space to
maintain the temperature in an acceptable range.

What are major components of HVAC system?

1. Thermostat/Timer – Most visible part of a heating and cooling unit, though it’s also
the most overlooked in maintenance.
2. Heat Exchanger
3. Blower Motor
4. Condensing Unit
5. Ductwork
6. Evaporator Coil
7. Vents
8. Refrigerant Lines

What is HVAC System types?

1. Split systems
2. Hybrid systems
3. Duct-free systems
4. Packaged heating and air systems

Engr. Justine Bayo

bsce | ustp-cdo
AIR CONDITIONING

• The simultaneous control of air temperature, humidity, motion and purity of air in a
confined space

Types of Air Conditioning Systems

1. Unit/Room Air Conditioner – A self-contained unit which houses the

compressor, condenser and evaporator in the same cabinet
2. Split Type Conditioning System – Composed of two separate sections, one
installed inside the room while the other is mounted outside the building
3. Package/Cabinet Type Air Conditioning System – A split type air
conditioning unit
4. Centralized Type Air Conditioning System – Used for large installation with
the use of ducts

Basic components on the types of Air Conditioning system

Unit type of Air conditioning system is composed of the following:

1. Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

• Fan
• Coil
• Filter
2. Air Coled Condensing Unit (ACCU)
• Air Coole Condenser (ACC)
o ACC Fan
o Condensing Coil
• Compressor
3. Air Cooled Water Chiller (ACWC)
• Air Cooled Condensing Unit (ACC)
• Evaporator
• Chilled Water Pipes
4. Air Condensing Unit (Direct Expansion Method)
• Fan Coil Unit (FCU)
• Compressor

Centralized system elements:

1. Air Handling Unit (AHU)

2. Method of cooling
3. Source of heating such as boilers or furnace
4. Air distribution system
5. Control equipment

Engr. Justine Bayo

bsce | ustp-cdo
 MECHANICAL TERMS

1. Evaporator Unit – the mechanical equipment, coupled with a central air

conditioning system, used to dehumidify and cool the air stream injected
into the air-conditioning space.
2. Heat – A form of energy that is transformed by temperature difference
3. Condenser – heat exchange device ins a refrigeration system; it consists of
a vessel or arrangement of pipes or tubing in which refrigerant vapor is
liquified by the removal of heat.
4. Compressor – A machine for drawing refrigerant from the evaporator at a
relatively low pressure, compresses it and discharge it to the condenser.
5. Humidity – Water vapor within a confined space or environment.
6. Humidity ratio – Weight of water vapor in a mixture per pound of dry air.
7. Air – A mixture of water vapor and dry air.
8. Wet bulb temperature – Shown by a thermometer that cause the air
evaporation of its moisture.
9. Dry bulb temperature – Temperature of air-water vapor mixture as
measure in the normal way with a thermometer.
10. Air Duct – A passageway usually fabricated of metal, fiber glass, concrete
or cement and asbestor fibers used to transfer air from one location to
another.
11. Tons of Refrigeration – Useful refrigerating effect to 211 KJ/min or 12,000
Btu/hr or 3.517 KJ/sec

HEAT GAINS IN BUILDING

1. Heat transmitted through walls, roofs, floors, partitions, ceilings and glass owing
differences between indoor air temperature.
2. Heat from solar radiation striking upon the exterior surfaces of walls and glass,
absorbed by them and conducted through the interior.
3. Heat carried in by infiltrating or ventilating outside air.
4. Heat given off by occupants.
5. Heat given off by lights, cooking devices, motors, fans and industrial processes
within the conditioned space.

Engr. Justine Bayo

bsce | ustp-cdo