Master Ielts Listening

Tài Liệu Luyện Dạng Bài IELTS Listening
MASTER
IELTS
LISTENING
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Bộ tài liệu đầu tiên & duy
nhất tổng hợp hơn 200+
bài tập IELTS Listening
theo TỪNG DẠNG BÀI
EXERCISE + TAPESCRIPT + AUDIO

Nắm vững cách làm từng dạng bài IELTS Listening
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Contents
Letter & Number .............................................................................................. 4
1.1 Letter ............................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Number ............................................................................................................ 8
Gap-Filling......................................................................................................... 23
2.1. Form Completion ......................................................................................... 23
2.2. Sentence Completion .................................................................................. 37
2.3. Table Completion ......................................................................................... 41
2.4 Summary/Note/Flow-chart Completion ....................................................... 48
Short- Answer ................................................................................................ 55
Matching information .............................................................................. 60
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Multiple Choices ........................................................................................... 70
Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling ................................................................. 87
AUDIOSCRIPT ...................................................................................................... 103
Letter & Number ................................................................................................... 103
1.1 Letter............................................................................................................ 103
1.2 Number ........................................................................................................ 107
Gap-Filling ............................................................................................................ 122
2.1. Form Completion ....................................................................................... 122
2.2. Sentence Completion ................................................................................ 144
2.3. Table Completion ....................................................................................... 152
2.4 Summary/Note/Flow-chart Completion ..................................................... 167
Short- Answer ....................................................................................................... 177

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Matching information ........................................................................................... 186
Multiple Choices ................................................................................................... 200
Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling .............................................................................. 218
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Lời Nói Đầu

Hiện tại số lượng sách & tài liệu IELTS Listening thì khá là nhiều, tuy nhiên chưa thực sự có 1
quyển nào đi sâu vào việc tổng hợp và phân chia các dạng bài IELTS Listening một cách cụ
thể để các bạn có thể luyện tập một cách hiệu quả.
Với mục tiêu tạo ra cho các bạn một lộ trình học & luyện tập hiệu quả, bộ sách Master IELTS
Listening đã ra đời nhằm giúp các bạn có được 1 lộ trình tự luyện IELTS Listneing hiệu quả
nhất.
Các bạn cũng biết, để tăng điểm IELTS nói chung và Listening nói riêng thì chỉ có 1 cách duy
nhất là: Practice Makes Perfect.
Các bạn đừng tin những lời hoa mỹ của những khóa học Online là có thể giúp các bạn tăng
band điểm Listening chỉ thông qua những Videos hướng dẫn. Chỉ có thực hành thật nhiều,
thì kỹ năng này mới có thể tăng lên được một cách bền vững thôi. Về lý thuyết cách làm các
dạng bài, các bạn chỉ cần serach Google thì sẽ ra rất nhiều cho các bạn nhé, còn về phần bài
tập thì rất ít tài liệu tổng hợp một cách bài bản cho các bạn.
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Bộ Master IELTS Listening tổng hợp các bài tập từ những nguồn uy tín như các tài liệu của
Cambridge, Oxfords, Collins, Macmillan… với hơn 200+ bài tập, sẽ giúp các bạn hiểu rõ được
các dạng bài & rút ra được các kinh nghiệm quý báu cho mình nhé.
Chúc các bạn học & ôn luyện thật tốt.
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Letter & Number
1.1 Letter
Đây là phần chúng ta sẽ thường xuyên gặp trong Section 1 của IELTS Listening. Để có
thể làm tốt phần này, các bạn cần phải nắm được cách phát âm chuẩn của từng chữ
cái trong tiếng anh nhé.
Trước tiên, các bạn hãy nghe lại cách đọc từng chữ cái trong tiếng anh:
Exercise 1.1.0: Listening for English Alphabet
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Bây giờ, các bạn đã nắm được cách phát âm của từng chữ cái rồi. Hãy cố gắng tập
trung thật tốt trong lúc làm dạng bài này nhé:
Exercise 1.1.1: Practice listening for letters
1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….
4………………………. 5……………………….
Exercise 1.1.2: Practice listening for letters
1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….
4………………………. 5……………………….
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Exercise 1.1.3: Practice listening for letters:
1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

4………………………. 5………………………. 6……………………….
7………………………. 8………………………. 9……………………….
10……………………. 11……………………. 12…………………….
13……………………. 14……………………. 15…………………….
Exercise 1.1.4: Write down the street names you hear
1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

6………………… 7………………… 8…………………
Exercise 1.1.5: Listen to some words being spelt out and write down
what you hear.
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
3. …………………………..
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4. …………………………..
5. …………………………..
6. …………………………..
7. …………………………..
Exercise 1.1.6: Listen to some common abbreviations and write them

down in the spaces provided. Do you know what each one stands for?
1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

4………………………. 5………………………. 6……………………….
7………………………. 8………………………. 9……………………….
10…………………….
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Exercise 1.1.7: Listen to the names of the places and write them down.
Do you know where these places are in Britain?
1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

4………………………. 5………………………. 6……………………….
7………………………. 8………………………. 9……………………….
10……………………. 11……………………. 12…………………….
13……………………. 14……………………. 15…………………….
16……………………. 17……………………. 18…………………….
19……………………. 20…………………….
Exercise 1.1.8: Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:
Conversation 1:
A: What's Joseph's last name?
B: His last name is (1)……………………….
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Conversation 2:
A: Sony, what's your name again?
B: OK, my first name is (2)………………………. and my last name is

spelled(3)……………………….
Conversation 3:
A: Excuse me, what's her name?
B: (4)………………………. and her last name is spelled (5)……………………….
Conversation 4:
A: What is Ms. Smith's first name?
B: It's spelled (6)……………………….
Conversation 5:
A: Who is the man in the middle?
B: He is my friend, (7)……………………….
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A: 'Where is he from?
B: He is from (8)……………………….
Exercise 1.1.9: Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:
1.
Firstname: Linda
Lastname: (1)……………………….
Country: (2)……………………….
Subject: (3)……………………….
2.
Firstname: Joseph
Lastname: (4)……………………….
Country: (5)……………………….
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Subject: (6)……………………….
3. Firstname: (7)……………………….
Lastname: Maclain
Country: (8)……………………….
Subject: (9)……………………….
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1.2 Number
Exercise 1.2.1: Write down the numbers you hear
1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

6………………… 7………………….. 8………………….. 9………………… 10…………………
Exercise 1.2.2: Listen to the following numbers and write them down.
1………………………. 2. ………………………. 3. ………………………. 4. ……………………….

5. ………………………. 6. ………………………. 7. ………………………. 8. ……………………….
9. ………………………. 10. ………………………. 11. ………………………. 12. ……………………….
13. ………………………. 14. ……………………….
Exercise 1.2.3: Listen carefully and write the numbers in the blanks.
Write the numbers in figures, not words.
1. The sweater costs ………………………. pounds.
2. Tom bought………………………. books yesterday.
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3. Mary is………………………. years old.
4. Janet was………………………. minutes late.
5. There are………………………. students in my class.
6. My grandfather has………………………. grandchildren.
7. Bill wears size……………………….
8. The temperature was………………………. °C yesterday.
9. The train arrived at………………………. o'clock.
10. I got………………………. on my English test.
Exercise 1.2.4: Listen to the following numbers and write them down.
1………………………. 2. ………………………. 3. ………………………. 4. ……………………….

5. ………………………. 6. ………………………. 7. ………………………. 8. ……………………….
9. ………………………. 10. ………………………. 11. ………………………. 12. ……………………….
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1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

6………………… 7………………….. 8………………….. 9…………………. 10…………………
1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

6………………… 7………………… 8………………… 9…………………
Exercise 1.2.7: Listen and complete the sentences.
1. My phone number is …………………………….
2. Call this number for more information: …………………………….
3. For our store hours and locations, please call: …………………………….
4. Hurry! Call this number and win $1,000: …………………………….
5. Dr. Wilson’s phone number is…………………………….
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6. Hello? Is this…………………………….
7. You can call my work number: ……………………………, extension…………………
8. Excuse me, did you say your phone number was …………………………….?
9. I have a new phone number. It’s …………………………….
10. Mary’s phone number is …………………………….
11. For a complete listing of today’s movies, please call …………………………….
12. I have the taxi company’s phone number, so let’s call a taxi.
It’s…………………………….
13. I’m sorry, but you have the wrong number. This isn’t …………………………….
14. Sam’s cell phone number is …………………………….
15. Let’s order food from ‘Burger Palace’. Their number is …………………………….
16. Excuse me, could you please repeat that? Did you say…………………………….?
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Exercise 1.2.8: listen carefully and write down the numbers you hear on
the recording.
1………………………. 2. ………………………. 3. ………………………. 4. ……………………….

5. ………………………. 6. ………………………. 7. ………………………. 8. ……………………….
9. ………………………. 10. ………………………. 11. ………………………. 12. ……………………….
13. ………………………. 14. ………………………. 15. ………………………. 16. ……………………….
17. ………………………. 18. ……………………….
Exercise 1.2.9 (Ordinal): Listen to the recording and write down the
numbers you hear. Write the numbers in words.
1………………………. 2. ………………………. 3. ………………………. 4. ……………………….

5. ………………………. 6. ………………………. 7. ………………………. 8. ……………………….
9. ………………………. 10. ………………………. 11. ………………………. 12. ……………………….
13. ………………………. 14. ………………………. 15. ……………………….
Exercise 1.2.10: Write down the numbers and letters you hear
1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………
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6………………… 7………………… 8………………… 9………………… 10…………………
Exercise 1.2.11: Listen to the sentences and write the numbers that you
hear below.
1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

6………………… 7………………… 8………………… 9…………………
Exercise 1.2.12: Listen to the sentences and write the dates that you
hear below.
1. ………………… 2. …………………
3. ………………… 4. …………………
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Exercise 1.2.13: Listen to the sentences and write the measurements

that you hear below.
1. ………………… 2. …………………
3. ………………… 4. …………………
Exercise 1.2.14: Write the numbers. How fast can you figure out the
answers? Try to write the answers before you hear them.
1. ……………………… 2. ……………………… 3. ……………………… 4. ………………………
5. ……………………… 6. ……………………… 7. ……………………… 8. ………………………
9. ……………………… 10. ……………………… 11. ……………………… 12. ………………………
Exercise 1.2.15 (Money): Listen to the recording and write down the
price for each item.
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Exercise 1.2.16 (Money): Listen to the recording and write down the
prices (in figures) in the spaces provided.
1. How much does this cost, please? ……………………….
2. What's the price of that book, please? ……………………….
3. How much are those shoes, please? ……………………….
4. How much is that, please? ……………………….
5. How much is the bill, please? ……………………….
6. Can you tell me how much is left in my bank account, please? ……………
7. How much will it cost to send this letter to France? ……………………….
8. What's the price of that bike over there? ……………………….
9. How much is the return ticket to Edinburgh? ……………………….
10. How much does this cost, please? ……………………….
Exercise 1.2.17 (Time): Listen to the recording and write down the times.
1. Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please? Yes, it's……………………….
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2. Do you have the right time, please? I think it's……………………….
3. Do you know what time the next train to Leeds is, please? Yes , it's……………………….
4. When do the banks open, please? At ……………………….
5. What time does the film finish, please? ……………………….
6. When did they come? At……………………….
7. What time do you finish your work today? ……………………….
8. Do you know when the play finishes? Yes, at exactly……………………….
9. Excuse me, please. What time does the Glasgow train arrive? ……………………….
10. When is the next flight to Paris? ……………………….
11. What time does the Oxford train arrive? ……………………….
12. When does the Tokyo flight leave? ……………………….
13. What's the next train to Liverpool? ……………………….
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14. What time does the London train arrive? ……………………….
15. When does your mother come? ……………………….
16. When does the teacher come? ……………………….
Exercise 1.2.18 (Phone): Listen to the following conversations and fill in

the missing information in the spaces below.
Conversation 1:
- Operator: Can I help you?

- Inquirer: Yes. Could you give me Hilton Hotel's telephone number, please?
- Operator: (1) ……………………….
- Inquirer: Thanks.
Conversation 2:

- Inquirer: Yes. Could you tell me British Rail's telephone number, please?
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-
-
Operator: (2) ……………………….
Inquirer: Thank you very much.
Conversation 3:
- Inquirer: Is that (3) ……………………….

- Operator: Yes. Can I help you?
- Inquirer: I'd like to speak to (4) ………………………., please.
Conversation 4:
- Inquirer: Is that (5) ……………………….

- Operator: Yes. Who do you want to speak to?
- Inquirer: Doctor (6) ………………………., please.
Conversation 5:
- Inquirer: Is that (7) ………………………..

- Operator: Yes. Who do you wish to speak to?
- Inquirer: (8) ……………………….., please.
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Exercise 1.2.19: Listen to some conversations and fill in the missing

information in the forms.
Conversation 1
Type of room (1) ……………………….
Room No. (2) ……………………….
Floor (3) ……………………….
Cost (4) ……………………….
Conversation 2
Type of room (5) ……………………….
Room No. (6) ……………………….
Floor (7) ……………………….
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Cost (8) ……………………….
Conversation 3
Type of room (9) ……………………….
Room No. (10) ……………………….
Floor (11) ……………………….
Cost (12) ……………………….
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Exercise 1.2.20: Listen to the recording and write down the numbers in
the correct rows.
Name Circulation (Feb – July 1994)

The Observer 1……………………….
The Independent 2……………………….
The Guardian 3……………………….
Financial Times 4……………………….
Sunday Express 5……………………….
Daily Express 6……………………….
The Sun 7……………………….
Daily Mirror 8……………………….
Exercise 1.2.21: Listen to the recording and write down the numbers in
the correct columns.
Airport Miles Km Passengers per year

1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….
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Heathrow
Gatwick 4………………………. 5………………………. 6……………………….
Exercise 1.2.22: In this section you will have to circle the letter of the
answer that you hear and then fill in a table. Look at questions 1 — 7.
1. How many students have an account with the bank? (The proportion of students is
in the darker shade.)
2 The maximum amount the student can borrow without paying interest is
B. £250
C. £215
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D. £520
3 There is a minimum yearly interest payment of
B. 5%
C. 0.9%
D. 0.5%
4 If the student borrows more than £1,000, the interest rises to
A. 5%
B. 1.6%
C. 0.6%
Saver Accounts Annual Percentage Duration

Short Term Saver 2.75% (5)………………………….
Medium Term Saver (6)…………………………. 2 years
Long Term Saver (7)…………………………. 5 years
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Exercise 1.2.23: Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER
for each answer
Background Information
National Insurance Number:

(1)………………….. Driver's Licence:
(NA)
Passport Number:
(2)………………….. Deposit:
(3)…………………… Other Account
Number: (4)…………………….
Phone Number:
(5)……………………..
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Exercise 1.2.24: You will hear about passenger traffic at Britain's main
airports in 1990 and 1993. Listen to the recording and write down the
figures in the correct columns.
Name of Airport 1990 (in millions) 1993 (in millions)

Manchester 10.1 13.1
Glasgow 1………………………. 2……………………….
Birmingham 3………………………. 4……………………….
Edinburgh 5………………………. 6……………………….
Newcastle 7………………………. 8……………………….
Bristol 9………………………. 10………………………
Exercise 1.2.25: Now listen to the report on consumers' expenditure in

1983 and 1993 at market prices and write down the percentages in the
correct columns.
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Food
Consumers' Expenditure
Alcoholic drink
1983 (%)
1……………………….
3……………………….
1993 (%)
2……………………….
4……………………….
Tobacco 5………………………. 6……………………….
Housing 7………………………. 8……………………….
Recreation, entertainment and education 9………………………. 10………………………
Other goods and services 11……………………. 12………………………
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Exercise 1.2.26: Listen to the recording and write down the total
numbers and the percentages in the right columns.
Emigration from Britain Imigration from Britain

(1993) (1993)
Total number 1………………………. 8……………………….
Other EU countries 2………………………. 9……………………….
Australia, Canada or New Zealand 3………………………. 10……………………….
The United States 4………………………. 11……………………….
Commonwealth countries 5………………………. 12……………………….
The Middle East 6………………………. 13……………………….
South Africa 7………………………. 14……………………….
Exercise 1.2.27: Listen to the talk and write down the prices in the boxes
provided.
Transport Price
Bus fare (minimum) 1……………………….
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Underground fare (minimum)
Taxi fare (minimum)
coach fare
2……………………….
3……………………….
4……………………….
Exercise 1.2.28: Listen to the second part of the talk and write down the
prices in the boxes provided.
Living Price
Rent for one room 1……………………….
Rent for a one-bedroom flat 2……………………….
A local telephone call 3……………………….
Posting a letter 4……………………….
A bottle of beer 5……………………….
Use of a large washing machine 6……………………….
Use of a small washing machine 7……………………….
Use of a tumble drier 8……………………….
Washing powder (a medium-sized packet) 9……………………….
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Exercise 1.2.29: Listen to the last part of the talk and write down the
prices in the boxes provided.
Clothes Price
A shirt 1……………………….
A jacket 2……………………….
A pair of jeans 3……………………….
A pair of running shoes 4……………………….
A warm coat 5……………………….
A light raincoat 6……………………….
A skirt 7……………………….
A day dress 8……………………….
Exercise 1.2.30: Listen to Mike, Susan, and Ellen talking about their daily
schedules. Complete the chart below as you listen.
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Name
Mike
Ellen
Job Gets up at
1………………………. 2……………………….
5………………………. 6……………………….
Gets home at
3……………………….
7……………………….
Goes to bed at
4……………………….
8……………………….
Susan 9………………………. 10……………………… 11……………………… 12………………………
Exercise 1.2.31: You will hear some great names in British history. As
you listen, write down the years of their birth and death in the correct
columns.
Name Birth Death

Henry VIII 1………………………. 2……………………….
Queen Elizabeth I 3………………………. 4……………………….
William Shakespeare 5………………………. 6……………………….
Queen Victoria 7………………………. 8……………………….
Sir Winston Churchill 9………………………. 10……………………….
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Exercise 1.2.32: You will hear three dialogues on the telephone between
a secretary and a person who is making an appointment to see
someone. As you listen, complete the notes below. Please write the
name of the person, the day, the time and the telephone number in each
dialogue.
Dialogue 1
Note for Mr. Watson:
(1) ……………………….is coming to see you
On (2) ………………………. At (3) ……………………….
His telephone number is (4) ……………………….
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Dialogue 2
Note for Dr. Jenkinson:
(5) ……………………….is coming to see you
On (6) ……………………….at (7) ……………………….
Her telephone number is (8) ……………………….
Dialogue 1
Note for Professor Hansen:
(9) ………………………. is coming to see you

on (10) ………………………. At (11) ……………………….
His telephone number is (12) ……………………….
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Exercise 1.2.33: Listen to the conversation and fill in the missing

information in the right places.
Message to Ms. Proctor:
Date July 8 at 10:30
From (1) ……………………….
Message:
The meeting is on (2) ……………………….at (3) ………………………., Rom

(4)……………………….
Please call him (5) ……………………….
Telephone number: (6) ……………………….
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information in the right places.
Message to (1) ……………………….
Date July 15 at 3:30
From (2) ……………………….
Message: There is a (3) ………………………. at Bob's house on (4)

……………………….
Bob's address: (5) ……………………….
Please call back (6) ……………………….
Telephone No.: (7) ……………………….
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information in the right places
Message to Professor (1) ……………………….
From (2) ……………………….
Message:
The meeting on (3) ……………………….is (4) ……………………….
Please call him (5) ……………………….
Telephone No.: (6) ……………………….
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Gap-Filling
2.1. Form Completion
Exercise 2.1.1: Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A
NUMBER for each answer.
Name: Martin (1)………………………

Address: 263, (2) ……………………… Avenue, Newington, Edinburgh
Postcode: (3) ………………………
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Address: Preston Technical College
(1) ……………………… Road, Preston
Postcode: (2) ………………………
Head of the Admissions Department:

(3) ……………………… Winters
Address: (1) ……………………… Lodge
(2) ……………………… Drive, Stepton, Brisbane
Postcode: (3) ………………………

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Name: Alistair Norseman

Address: 139, (I) ………………... Way, Stoke Gifford, Bristol
Postcode: (2) …………………..
Personal Addresses
Name: Alistair Norseman
Address: 56, (3) …………………..Close, Brayfield, Leicester
Postcode: (4) …………………..
Name: (5) ………………….. Smith
Address: 107 High Street,
(6) ………………….. Trowbridge
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Postcode:
Name:
(7) …………………..
(8) ………………….. Park

Address: To be sent separately
Exercise 2.1.5: Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
RESERVING A TABLE
Example: Name: Katherine Mackey

Group size: (1)……………………..
Number of tables: (2)……………………..
Function Room
Hire cost: (3)……………………..

Decorate and select (4)……………………..
Deposit: Paid 5 days in advance (5) £…………………….. each
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Exercise 2.1.6: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
HOMESTAY APPLICATION
Example Answer
Surname: Yuichini
First name: 1. ……………………….
Sex: female
Nationality: 2. ……………………….
Passport number: 3. ……………………….
Age: 28 years
Present address: Room 4. ………………………., Willow
College
Length of homestay: approx 5. ……………………….
Course enrolled in: 6. ……………………….
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Exercise 2.1.7: Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD for each answer.
SELF-DRIVE TOURS IN THE USA
Example
Name: ...Andrea Brown.......
Address: 24 1………………………. Road
Postcode: 2. ……………………….
Phone: (mobile) 3. ……………………….
Heard about company from: 4……………………….
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Exercise 2.1.8: Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER

for each answer
TAXI FOR YOU
Pick-up: Wed 6th July

Date and time: 1. ……………………….
Name of passenger: Sam William
Pick-up point
No.&street: 2. ………………………. Willowside bank
Town: 3. ……………………….
Postcode: 4. ……………………….
Mobile contact: 5. ……………………….
Destination: Heathrow – terminal 5
Exercise 2.1.9: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
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SILVER TULIP HOTEL
Number of nights: 1. ……………………….
Type of nights: doulbe – king-sized bed
Name: Edward 2. ……………………….
Home address: 3. ………………………. Avenue, Cambridge
Postcode: 4……………………….
Transport: 5……………………….
Meals: 6……………………….
Date of arrival: 7……………………….
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Exercise 2.1.10: Complete the notes. Write NO MORE THAN TWO

WORDS for each answer.
- Alice works on 1. ……………………….

- Grows 2. ……………………….
- Keeps 3. ………………………., ducks and cows
- Worst part of job – going out in winter to feed 4.
……………………….
- Likes working outdoors in the 5. ……………………….
- Trucks deliver to 6. ……………………….
- Supplies 7. ………………………. with milk, eggs, cheese
- Sells directly to 8. ………………………. in farm shop.
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Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
THORNDYKE’S BUILDERS
Example
Customer heard about Thorndyke’s from a friend
Name: Edith 1……………………….
Address: Flat 4, 2………………………. Park Flats
(Behind the 3………………………. )
Phone number: 875934
Best time to contact customer: during the
4……………………….
Where to park: opposite entrance next to the
5……………………….
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Exercise 2.1.12: Complete the form below.
Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Early Learning Childcare Centre Enrolment Form

Example
Parent or guardian: Carol Smith
Personal Details
Child’s name: Kate
Age: 1……………………….
Address: 2……………………….Road, Woodside, 4032
Phone: 3. ……………………….
Childcare Information
Days enrolled for: Monday and 4. ……………………….
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Exercise 2.1.13: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Registration form
Example Answer
Type of crime reported robbery
Name Anna 1. ……………………….
Date of birth 2. ……………………….
Address: 3. …………………………… Street
Postcode: 4. ……………………….
Nationality: Grenadian
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Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
ITALIANBREAKS
Example
Destination: Venice
Name: John 1. ……………………….
Mobile number: 2. ……………………….
Number of people: 3. ……………………….
Holiday length: 4. ……………………….
Hotel scotland: 5. ………………………. star
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WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
CAR INSURANCE
Example Answer
Name: Patrick Jones
Address: 1. ………………………. Greendale
Contact number: 2. ……………………….
Occupation: 3. ……………………….
Size of car engine: 4. ……………………….cc
Manufacturer: Hewton Model: 5. ……………………….
Year: 6. ……………………….
Previous insurance company: Northern Star
Any insurance claims in the last five years? Yes.
If yes, give brief details: Car was 7. ………………………. in 1999.
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HIRING A PUBLIC ROOM

Example
• the Main Hall - seats 200
Room and cost
• the 1………………………. Room - seats 100
• Cost of Main Hall for Saturday evening: 2
£………………………. + £250 deposit
(3………………………. payment is required)
• Cost includes use of tables and chairs and also
4……………………….
• Additional charge for use of the kitchen: £25
Before the event
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• Will need a 5………………………. licence
• Need to contact caretaker (Mr Evans) in advance to arrange
6……………………….
Personal Information
Academic year: (1)……………………………
Member of the Student Union: yes
Name: Michael (2)……………………………
Age: 20
Current course: (3)……………………………
Address: to be obtained from the bursar
Contact number: (4)……………………………
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Example
Name: Roger Brown
Age: 18
Currently staying in a 1 ………………………. during the week
Postal address: 17 2………………………. Street, Stamford,
Lines
Postcode: 3……………………….
Occupation: student and part-time job as a
4……………………….
Studying 5 ………………………. (major subject) and history
(minor subject)
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RESERVING A TABLE
 Cheaper on weekdays because of: (1)……………………….
 Menu includes: meat and (2)……………………….options
 Tips included
 Website address: (3) www.oriental……………………….
 Date of the meal: (4)……………………….
 Time: 8pm
 Contact number: (5)……………………….
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WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Room Booking
Name: Duncan (1) ……………………………
Telephone number: 5762 23821
Date of arrival: (2) ……………………………
Date of departure: 23rd September
Room type: Twin room
Cost: £ (3) ……………………………
Payment method: (4) ……………………………
Exercise 2.1.21: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.
City Bus Tour Booking Form

Number of passengers: 2
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Passenger name(s):
Contact telephone number:
Susan Field and James (1)…………………….
077988 (2)…………………………
Hotel: (3)…………………………
Bus tour time: (4)…………………………
Bus tour date: 14th August
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Exercise 2.1.22: Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.
Lightning Safety: Presentation
Plan Part 1: Planning for lightning
- Important to be prepared
- Go inside before it (1)…………………….
Part 2: If inside
- Stay away from water, doors, windows, and telephones

- Turn off (2)…………………….
Part 3: If outside
- Avoid trees, open spaces, and metal objects

- If the lightning comes near you, (3)……………………. and cover your ears
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Part 4: If someone gets hit
- Get help from a (4)…………………….

- Call an ambulance
- Don't worry: (5)……………………. of lightning victims survive!
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On Campus
Example:
Facilities used: doesn't use the library or gym
Library:
Good points: plenty of books

Problems: difficulty understanding (1)…………………
Solution: better database necessary with easier to
understand (2)…………………
Gym:
Good points: None given
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Additional info: outdoor pitches are in good condition
Always someone to (3)…………………
Cafeteria:
Good points: cheap, nice food

Problems: not much (4)…………………
Solution: rethink the menu
Additional info: going into town centre: too time-
consuming and (5)………………… . Cafeteria is clean,
friendly staff
Parking:
Good points: None given

Problems: No (6)………………… after nine o'clock
Additional info: 5-10 minutes to get to (7)…………………
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Exercise 2.1.24: Write no more than THREE words and/or a number for
each answer.
Research Notes: Motivation in the Workplace
Maslow's Hierarchal Needs
Level One Physiological Needs
- water, (1) …………………………… , healthy body
Level Two (2) ……………………………
- housing, legal system
Level Three Love and Belonging
- humans need to bond and interact because they are

(3)……………………………
- psychological disorders - lack of bonding
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Level Four Self-respect and Respect from Others
- employees with status and respect tend to be

(4)……………………………
Level Five Self-actualisation
- realising potential
- examples of achievements: setting up a business,

studying for a degree, (5) …………………………… in
sports competitions
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1. ……………………………
2. ……………………………
3. ……………………………
4. ……………………………
5. ……………………………
6. ……………………………
7. ……………………………
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2.2. Sentence Completion
Exercise 2.2.1: Listen to the talk and complete the notes. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. Sally likes her maths course because it is …………………………
2. She has four tutors who are ………………………… but she prefers Professor Jones
due to his style of teaching.
3. Although the course includes a lot of group work, Sally prefers to
study…………………………
4. Sally is worried that she will………………………… her statistics module as she finds
it much harder than the others.
Exercise 2.2.2: Complete the sentences below using no more than

THREE words to fill each gap.
1. City Tours organises trips to the Cranfield Art Gallery every…………………………
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2. Students used to pay £3.80 until the …………………………
3. The current student rate is not as high as …………………………
4. You can either book your excursion online or from the reception
of…………………………
Exercise 2.2.3: Listen to the talk and complete the notes. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. In Britain, people start to decorate their houses a ………………………… before 25th

December.
2. In Christmas time, the most important activity is the …………………………
3. The British people put their gifts………………………… of the Christmas tree.
4. The British open their Christmas presents on…………………………
5. Children leave a long sock or stocking at the end of their bed on Christmas Eve,
hoping that Father Christmas will bring small presents from…………………………
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6. The British family have a………………………… and Christmas pudding for the dinner on
Christmas Day.
7. The Queen delivers her traditional Christmas message to the United Kingdom
and………………………… later in the afternoon.
8. On Boxing Day, people usually visit friends and relatives or …………………………

THREE words and/or a number to fill each gap.
1. At the end of May, the director will be taking her musical on (1)
…………………………
2. Southendean Theatre is special for Anne because it was (2) …………………………
3. She began directing performances about (3) …………………………
4. The first time she directed at Southendean Theatre, it (4) …………………………
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1. They agree that the best way of taking notes is to use a …………………………
2. The students are required to provide their own materials, including books for
their course and …………………………
3. Gary's first lecture is about The Influence of Globalisation on …………………………
4. The first lecture Judy has to attend starts at …………………………
Exercise 2.2.6: Write ONE word only for each answer.

1. The female student thinks that Maslow's theories are a bit…………………………
2. The two factors she mentions are categorised as………………………… and
motivation.
3. Herzburg suggests that working long hours with very little in return
can………………………… the employee.
4. He differs from Maslow in the way that he omits the more fundamental needs
as he believes that since the beginning of the twentieth century living
standards have…………………………
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5. He concludes that, in order to succeed, it is vital that we are able to work

closely with others and that we should have a certain amount
of………………………… over our working environment.

1. Thomas Savey's steam engine was used for………………………… water out of the
mines.
2. Twice as much coal was………………………… between 1750 and 1800.
3. The 'flying shuttle' was invented by………………………… in the 1730s.
4. Richard Arkwright's spinning frame was powered by…………………………
5. The extensive network of canals made transportation of heavy
goods………………………… and more efficient.

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1. The earliest………………………… were established in Mesopotamia by the
Sumerians.
2. Herodotus, who was………………………… by birth, is considered to have been the
first historian.
3. Thousands of years ago, in primitive tribal communities, people
fought…………………………
4. Over thirty million people populate the city of…………………………
5. The population of Mexico City is predicted to have grown………………………… by
2015.
6. The trend in both Jakarta and Lagos indicates that the population of each city
will………………………… greatly over a short period of time.
7. Mass starvation could result from the growing number of people affected by
the destruction…………………………
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Exercise 2.2.9: Listen to the lecture carefully and complete the

sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in each blank.
1. Three major pollutants pollute the environment. They are smoke, chemical
substances and …………………………
2. Excessive noises can lead to …………………………
3. Psychologists thought that people's attitudes and are affected by noise.
4. In noisy places, people behave less cooperatively and …………………………
5. In some permanent noisy situations, people suffer from anxiety
and………………………… as well as other psychological problems.
6. Psychologists point out that "noise" cannot be measured in the same way as
"sound" is. But both "sound" and "noise" can have………………………… effects.
7. Psychologists claim that the important thing is if the person
has………………………… over the sound.
8. We need to control………………………… in order to help people live more
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happily.
Exercise 2.2.10: Listen to the talk about men and apes, and then
complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
1. Men and apes differ little in their …………………………
2. Like apes, men have no …………………………
3. Both men and apes have………………………… instead of claws or hooves.
4. Both apes and men differ from other animals in having …………………………
5. Apes can make and use simple tools. Only man, however, can…………………………
6. It is possible that a chimpanzee has struck a match on a matchbox and made
fire, but only man…………………………
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2.3. Table Completion
Exercise 2.3.1: Listen to the conversation carefully. Fill in the table

below as you listen.
Name Country Subject

Rich (1)……………………….. (4)………………………….
Maria (2)……………………….. (3)………………………….
Exercise 2.3.2: Complete the table below.
Number of days Total distance Price Includes

(per person)
Trip One 12 days 1………… km £525 • accommodation
• car
• one 2………
Trip Two 9 days 980 km 3 £………… • accommodation
• car
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• 4………………
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Health Centres
Name of centre Doctor’s name Advantage
The Harvey Clinic Example especially good with
Dr Green 1………………….
The 2…………Health Dr Fuller Offers 3……………
Practice appointments
The Shore Lane Health Dr 4………………….
Centre
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Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Talks for patients at Shore Lane Health Centre

Subject of Date/Time Location Notes
talk
Giving up 25th room 4 useful for people
smoking February at 7pm with
asthma or
1………………….
problems
Healthy eating 1st March at 5pm The 2……………. anyone welcome
(Shore Lane)
Avoiding 9th March at room 6 for all 4………………….
injuries during 3………………….
exercise
Exercise 2.3.5: Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
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Area
Kitchen
Work to be done
Replace the 1………………
Notes
Fix tomorrow
in the door
Paint wall above the Strip paint and plaster approximately
2……………… one 3……………… in advance
Garden One 4……………. needs
replacing (end of garden)
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Exercise 2.3.6: Questions 1-5. Complete the table below.
Apartments Facilities Other Information Cost

Rose Garden studio flat Example £219
Apartments entertainment programme:
Greek
dancing
Rose Garden large salt-water  just 1…………metres £275
Apartments swimming pool from beach
 near shops
2…………. terrace watersports £275
Apartments
The Grand - Greek paintings - overlooking 4…………… 5 £………
- 3……………… - near a supermarket and a
disco
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GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS
Insurance Benefits Maximum Amount
Cancellation 1 £……………………….
Hospital £600. Additional benefit allows a
2………………………. to travel to resort
3…………………… departure Up to £1000. Depends on reason
Personal belongings Up to £3000; £500 for one 4……………………….
Name of Assistant Manager: Ben 10……………………….
Direct phone line: 081260 543216
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Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer
Event Cost Venue Notes

Jazz Example The 1…………… Also appearing:
band Tickets available school Carolyn Hart (plays
for £15 the
2………………………. )
Duck £1 per duck Start behind Prize: tickets for
races the 3………………… 4……………………….
held at the end of
the festival.
Ducks can be bought
in the
5……………………….
Flower Free 6…………………. Hal Prizes presented at 5
show pm
by a well-known
7……………………….
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each answer.
The West of Scotland The Lake District Cornwall

Duration a (1) …………………. break lasts for three weeks
(4)…………………. and
begins in late June
Facilities camping equipment is (no information) stay in a
provided but you need (6)…………………. meals
to bring a catered for
(2)………………….
Activities hiking in the orienteering, water water sports and
mountains, swimming skiing and outward-bound
and canoeing (5)…………………. activities which
include abseiling,
(7)…………………. caving
and potholing
Transport You will have to the coach is (no information)
(3)…………………. included
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each answer.
Dissertation Tutorial Notes
Basic Booklist Learning Support Draft Targets

Information
- Stages - at least - tutorial about - compile
(2)…………………. books (4)…………………. bibliography
- advice
- necessary - first four - group discussion - to be submitted
criteria (3)…………………. during the (6)………………….
compulsory (5)………………….
- page of - brainstorm ideas
(1)………………….
Exercise 2.3.11: Listen and complete the following table. Write NO MORE
THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
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Shimmers Dance Classes Timetable
Class Instructor Day Time Price

Ballet (1) ……………. Tuesday 6.30-8.00 (2) £…………….
(3) ……………. Janine (4) ……………. 7.00-8.00 £7.50
Tap Andrew Saturday (5) 8.30-…………. £11.00
Exercise 2.3.12: Write no more than TWO words and/or a number for
each answer.
Website Age range Useful for

Playtime Online 4-6 Learning skills for games
Moving Up (1)……………………….. Developing maths and language skills
Net.Aware 12-16 Understanding (2)………………………..
Chat Electric 13-16 Making (3)………………………….
(4)…………………………. 16-18 Exam hints and tips
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Exercise 2.3.13: You are going to hear a lecturer talking about

immigrants to Britain. Listen and complete the table. Write NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Act and date Reason for the act Conditions to live in Britain
1793 Aliens Act control refugees from 1……………………. on arrival
French Revolution
1844 Naturalisation Act 1870 - know more about - give personal information
immigrants - resident for
Naturalisation Act
- regulate immigrants (2)…………………………..
1914 Alien Registration Act Prevent (3)……………………… register with police speak
English
1948 (4)……………………...Act prevent encourage desire to work be fit and
immigration for post-war healthy
reconstruction
1962 Commonwealth restrict Commonwealth Obtain (5)………………………..
Immigration Act immigrants
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Exercise 2.3.14: You are going to hear someone talking about a
department restructure and the other changes in the company. Listen
and complete the questions 1-3 in the table. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Sates Team Human Resources Research and IT Support Team

Team Development Team
Gary Wilson Linda French Zoe Ian Smith
 Increase  Recruit 20 new  Research  Ensure all clients
business. with sales staff competitor receive follow-up
existing clients  Appoint an products calls
 Find new clients internal  Create 2 new  Improve package
(1)…………………… product for
…. to the (2)…………………. (3)…………………..
manager of each This year
team
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Exercise 2.3.15: Listen to a conversation between a customer and a

customer service clerk. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The recording is
played once only.
INTERCITY FLOWERS ORDER FORM

Name Brian (1) ………………………
Customer number (2) ………………………
Address (3) ………………………Road, Bragton
Phone number (4) ………………………
E-mail address (5) ………………………
If nobody is at home, leave the flowers ... (6) ………………………
Price (7) £………………………
Exercise 2.3.16: Based on the information in the conversation you hear,

complete the table below. Write ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each
answer. The recording is played once only.
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Artist
Pistashio
Title of painting
“Asternoon Tea” 1987
Year painted City
(1). ………………………
Van Boch (2) “………………………” 1997 (3). ………………………
Whistleton (4) “………………………” (5) ……………………… Berlin
Rowland “Post Office” (6). ……………………… (7). ………………………
Pincer (8) “………………………” (9) ……………………… Washington
Exercise 2.3.17: You will hear a conversation between two teachers.

Complete the table. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each
answer. The recording is played once only.
Class Name Strengths Weaknesses

2b Brian Jones Reading, listening (1)
4c (2)………………………Robinson (3)………………, Listening
……………… comprehension
(4)…………… Jemima Wragg Vocabulary (5) ………………………
(6)…………… John Sunn 100% attendance, (8) ………………………
(7)………………………
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2.4 Summary/Note/Flow-chart Completion

information in the notes below.
Ellen has got a 1. ……………………. Her nose is 2. …………………… and she has a sore
throat. Here is some advice. She should take some 3. …………………… and it's a good
idea for her to drink lots of 4. …………………… . She'd better see a doctor first, and
then go 5. …………………… for a rest. It's helpful to cook 6. …………………… with some
garlic in it, and drink a 7. …………………… every half an hour. It really works.

information in the notes below.
The customer wants to buy a kind of camera which would be 1. …………………… and 2.
…………………… to handle. The shop assistant recommended one which is 3.
…………………… and has a good 4. …………………… . The price is only 5. …………………… .
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The customer liked the one the shop assistant recommended but she disliked the 6.
…………………… . Finally, the customer bought a 7. …………………… camera.

information.
- Customer's name (1) ……………………

- When to book (2) ……………………
- Type of room Room (3) ……………………
- number Floor (4) ……………………
- Day to come (5) ……………………
- Day to leave (6) ……………………
- Requirement: wake me up at (7)…………….. in the morning
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information.
Sue went to Stonehenge at the weekend with her 1. …………………….. family.

Stonehenge is the best known and the most remarkable of prehistoric
2.…………………….. in the UK. It has stood on Salisbury Plain for about 3. ……………………..
years. There have been many different theories about its 4. …………………….. use. One
theory is that it was a place from where 5. …………………….. could be observed. But no
one is certain why it was built. It has been discovered that the positions of
6.…………………….. of the stones relate to the movements of the 7. …………………….. , so
that the stones could be used as a 8. ……………………..
Exercise 2.4.5: You are going to hear a tutor and a student discussing
the process of doing a research project on alternative energy. Listen and
complete the flow chart below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
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Exercise 2.4.6: Now listen and complete the summary in Exercise 7

above with the correct words a-I. Write ONE option a-1 next to 1-5 below.
A. dangers D. cost-effective G. different J. benefits
B. price E. problems H. nuclear K. tutorial
C. alternative F. evidence I. research L. seminar
The students are preparing for their (1) …………………….. discussion by discussing the
various theories presented by academics in the field of (2) ……………………..energy.
Overall, they agree with the academics that the most sustainable long-term (3)
……………………..energy source is nuclear but they are concerned about the (4)
…………………….. based on past disasters around the world. The students are unable to
agree on the cost-to-benefit ratio of sources such as wind and solar because the
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academic (5) …………………….. appears to be inconclusive.
Exercise 2.4.7: Listen and complete the summary.
Fire evacuation summary
If the fire alarm is activated, all stall should exit the building using the main stairs
unless it sounds at 11.00 a.m on a Tuesday, in which case it is (1) ……………………... Do
not waste time by picking up any bags or (2) …………………….. Once outside the building,
staff should follow the (3) …………………….., who will direct them to the waiting area at
the back of the building. Each department has an appointed fire safety officer who is
responsible for checking all their staff have left the office. This person must then
report any (4) …………………….. to the fire safety manager. The fire safety manager will
notify people when it is safe to return.
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Exercise 2.4.8: You are going to hear a talk about completing the Duke of
Edinburgh's Award. Listen and complete the flow chart below. Write NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Getting the Bronze Award
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Exercise 2.4.9: Write no more than TWO words and/or a number for each
answer.
GRANFIELD ART GALLERY
The art gallery is a piece of (1)…………………… 2Ist century architecture.
There are five acres of parkland around the art gallery which is
(2)…………………… away from the centre of the city.
Its large windows allow in a great deal of natural light.
There are works by both local and (3) …………………… artists on display.
(4) …………………… the Rain' was painted by a well-known Scottish artist. You
can find a variety of artistic styles including modernism and (5) ……………………
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Exercise 2.4.10: Complete the summary using no more than THREE
words and/or a number for each answer.
Amongst the ancient indigenous peoples of South and Central America, two of the
most advanced civilisations were the Olmecs, who were indigenous to the west of
Mexico and the Chavin people found on (1) …………………… of northern Peru.
Previously nomadic, they eventually built settlements and relied on (2) ……………………
for their livelihood. The discovery of archaeological artefacts has substantiated that
they were not only literate but also engaged in (3) …………………… The Aztec
civilisation, however, was far more recent, lasting for approximately four hundred
years until its ultimate collapse early in the (4) …………………… . The Aztecs grew in
power and (5) …………………… and at the peak of their powers they ruled over 10
million people. This was achieved by both the extensive trading of goods and the
collection of (6) …………………… from conquered local tribes. There was also strong
evidence to suggest that they followed a religion which included human sacrifice to
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heir Sun god. Despite the bloodshed and cruelty, their society contained highly-
skilled people such as musicians, (7) …………………… , poets and sculptors.
Exercise 2.4.11: Write no more than FOUR words and/or a number for
each answer.
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each answer
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Exercise 2.4.13: Write no more than THREE for each answer
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Short- Answer
Exercise 3.1: You will hear a guide giving a group of students some
information about a safari park and must answer the following
questions.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or a number for each answer.
1. 1 . How long will the coach wait in the coach park? …………………………
2. Which is the most enjoyable way of travelling around the Safari Park?
…………………………
3. How frequently does the minibus service run? …………………………
Exercise 3.2: You are going to hear two friends talking about the
exercise classes they took in the last week. Listen and answer the
questions 1-3. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A
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1. Which two classes did Debbie go to last week? …………………………
2. Why didn't Penny like yoga? …………………………
3. Where is Penny going next week? …………………………
Exercise 3.3: Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
1. What does the student particularly like to eat? …………………………

2. What sport does the student play? …………………………
3. What mode of transport does the student prefer? …………………………
4. When will the student find out her homestay address? …………………………
1. Which floor is the library coffee shop on? …………………………

2. What does Sandra like to do there? …………………………
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3. Where is the silent zone? …………………………

4. How many people live in Sandra’s house? …………………………
5. What does Tom often do near Sandra’s house? …………………………
1. What do men spend twice as much as women on? …………………………

2. What do women spend most on? …………………………
3. Which group spends most on eating in restaurants? …………………………
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.
1. What else are the students going to research? …………………………

2. How many countries do they know of where festivals involve water?
…………………………
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3. What three meanings can water have? …………………………
4. What do water festivals celebrate? …………………………
5. How are the Carnival and the seasons linked? …………………………
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. What is the most common crime in the UK? …………………………

2. What two forms of theft does the policewoman mention? …………………………
3. What should people leave in the hotel? …………………………
4. What kind of mobile is popular with thieves? …………………………
1. What are tourists advised not to wear in the street? …………………………
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2. Where should tourists not go after dark? …………………………

3. In some parts of Latin America, where do thieves often take money from
tourists?…………………………
Exercise 3.9: Christian and Brenda are in the office. Listen to their
conversation and answer questions 1-7 Write NO MORE THAN FOUR
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The recording is played
once only.
1. What time did Christian stop drinking? …………………………
2. What was Christian celebrating last night? …………………………
3. What has Christian been drinking today? …………………………
4. What is Christian doing at the Christmas party? …………………………
5. Which park is the Holeton Hotel close to? …………………………
6. Which pub will they go to when they leave the office? …………………………
7. What time will everyone finish work today? …………………………
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Exercise 3.10: You will hear a woman speaking to a group. Based on
what you hear, answer the questions, 1-4. Write NO MORE THAN TWO
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The recording is played
once only.
1. When should the bus arrive in Newcastle? …………………………
2. Where will they sleep in Newcastle? …………………………
3. What will they do at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow? …………………………
4. When will the festival begin? …………………………
Exercise 3.11: You will hear a conversation. Based on what you hear,
answer the questions, 1-4. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR
A NUMBER for each answer. The recording is played once only.
1. When is the first football match? (day & time) …………………………
2. How many members does the club have? …………………………
3. Which team are they playing against? …………………………
4. What will Brian do during the game? …………………………
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Exercise 3.12: You will hear a conversation. Based on what you hear,
answer the questions, 1-7. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. The recording is played once only.
1. Which country did Sam travel to?
2. What job was he expecting to do?
3. Which city did he fly to?
4. What document, other than his visa, did Sam show the immigration officials?
5. How long did the immigration officials question Sam?
6. What did the immigration officials buy for Sam?
7. When is the "Welcome Back" party?
Exercise 3.13: Listen to a phone call between a mother and her daughter.
Answer each question with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS according
to what you hear from the conversation.
1. What's the time of the year now?
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2. What happened during the trip for Jane from her home to the vacation spot?
3. What did Jane do on Sunday?
4. How long is her vacation? 5. When will she come back home?
5. What had happened when she lied down on the beach the other day?
6. Why isn't John feeling very well?
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Exercise 3.14: Listen to the interview and answer each question with NO
MORE THAN THREE WORDS.
1. What is the name of the applicant?
2. Why does the applicant want to apply for this job?
3. What is the applicant's present job?
4. Where did the applicant use to work?
5. What did the applicant say about his old sales manager in the company where
he used to work?
6. Where did the applicant mention in the conversation that he went to study?
7. What did the interviewer say about her company's slogan?
8. What will the applicant probably do next?
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Matching information
Exercise 4.1: Which dolphin does Alice make each of the following
comments about? Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, next to questions
1-5.
Dolphins
A. Moondancer
B. Echo
C. Kiwi
D. Samson
Comments
1. It has not been seen this year.

2. It is photographed more than the others.
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3. It is always very energetic.
4. It is the newest one in the scheme.
5. It has an unusual shape
Exercise 4.2: What is currently the main area of work of each of the
following people?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to
questions 1-5.
Area of work
People
A. advertising
1. Simon (the speaker) B. animal care
2. Liz C. building
3. Sarah D. educational links
4. Duncan E. engine maintenance
5. Judith F. food and drink

G. sales
H. staffing
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Exercise 4.3: What does Khalidah say about each group of people?
A. see the patients after they have talked to the nurse
B. have had accidents in the work place
C. discover what is wrong with the patients
D. look after patients who are out of danger
E. arrange for patients to go home in an ambulance
F. have had accidents in cars or at home
1. Patients…………………………
2. Doctors…………………………
3. Nurses…………………………
Exercise 4.4: Match the country where they eat this food for lunch.
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1. in the UK…………………………
A. potatoes
B. cereal toast and eggs

2. in India…………………………
C. bread and lentils
3. in China………………………… D. noodles soup
E. rice and vegetables
F. a sandwich
G. chiken
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Exercise 4.5: What does the speaker say about the following items?
Write the correct letter, A, B or C next to questions 1-4.
A. They are provided in all tents.

1. barbecues
B. They are found in central areas of
2. toys the campsite.
3. cool boxes
C. They are available on request.
4. mops and buckets
Exercise 4.6: Listen to the conversation between a customer and a travel

agent. Match the hotels to the facilities they offer. Write a-d next to
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questions 1-4.
1. Hotel Sunshine
A. fitness facilities
2. The Highland Hotel
B. business facilities
3. Hotel Carminia
C. training courses for water sports
4. The RoyaL D. entertainment facilities
Exercise 4.7: What is planned for each of the following facilities?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to
Questions 1-5.
Plans
A. It will move to a new location.

B. It will have its opening hours extended.
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C. It will be refurbished.
D. It will be used for a different purpose.
E. It will have its opening hours reduced.
F. It will have new management.
G. It will be expanded.
Facilities
1. ……… railway station car park

2. ……… cinema
3. ……… indoor market
4. ……… library
5. ……… nature reserve
Exercise 4.8: What does the speaker say about each of the following
collections?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions
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1-6:
Comments
A. was given by one person

B. was recently publicised in the media
C. includes some items given by members of the public
D. includes some items given by the artists
E. includes the most popular exhibits in the museum
F. is the largest of its kind in the country
G. has had some of its contents relocated
Collections
1. 20th- and 21st-century paintings

2. 19th-century paintings
3. Sculptures
4. ‘Around the world’ exhibition
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5. Coins
6. Porcelain and glass
Exercise 4.9: Which feature is related to each of the following areas of

the world represented in the playground?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-l, next to questions
1-6.
Features:
A. ancient forts
B. waterways 1……. Asia
C. ice and snow 2……. Antarctica

3……. South America
D. jewels
4……. North America
E. local animals
5……. Europe
F. mountains
6……. Africa
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G. music and film
H. space travel
I. volcanoes
s
Exercise 4.10: Write the correct letter, A, B or C next to each statement.
A. horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT)

B. Dabiri's vertical wind turbine
C. qr5 vertical wind turbine
1. has got a 60-90 metre steel tower

2. is engineered in Britain
3. can be spaced anything up to a mile apart
4. derives its inspiration from marine life
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5. produces the most energy for an individual turbine

6. quiet with little vibration
7. can be used in urban areas
Exercise 4.11: You are going to hear a recording of a guide talking about
the town of Tanbridge. Listen and match the people 1-4 with the
sentence endings a-d.
A. has had ten bestselling books.
1. Anna Collins
B. was inspired by Tanbridge.
2. James Harman
C. had a job in Tanbridge.
3. Ian Cheriton D. is buried in the town.
4. Sylvia Daniels
Exercise 4.12: You are going to hear a Lecturer talking about resources
for researching migration and family history. Listen and match the list of
resources '1-5 with the types of access a-c in the box. Write a, b or c
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next to questions 1-5.
1. The Family Records Centre and their website……………
2. Genes Reunited………………………… A. Free to access
3. The National Census Association's statistical data .…… B. Academic use only
4. Journal of Historical Migration ………………………… C. Requires payment
5. Journal of Social Demography …………………………
Exercise 4.13: You are going to hear a marketing manager talking to his
staff. Use the question-making technique you learned in Exercise 7 and
prepare to listen to the recording. Now listen and answer questions 1-4.
Which advertising methods will the company be using for its different
products?
1. Children's toys
A. Newspapers
2. Baby clothes
B. Television
3. Maternity clothes
C. Internet
4. Baby food
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Exercise 4.14: Based on the dialogue you hear, choose the letters from
the box, A-K, that represent the in-formation to complete sentences 1-5.
NO LETTER IS USED MORE THAN ONCE. There are more options than
are required. The recording is played once only.
Example: The language of dictionary the customer wants is …………….Answer: A
1. The daughter has been studying the language for

2. The shop assistant recommends
3. The daughter has been on exchanges for a total of
4. An electronic dictionary has
5. For advanced learners, an electronic dictionary is
A. French B. electronic dictionary
C. book dictionary D. 1 month
E. 3 months F. 3 years
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I. fewer examples visible

H. more examples visible
J. slower
K. faster
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Exercise 4.15: Based on the dialogue you hear, choose letters from the
box, A-1, that represent the descriptions of the two dictionaries below.
NO LETTER IS USED MORE THAN ONCE. There are more options than
are required. The recording is played once only.
A. black and green B. red and blue
C. a CD with a pronunciation guide D. clearer definitions
E. clearer type – easier to use F. free annual updates
G. more academic examples H. more academic tone
I. more up-to-date examples J. a wider range of word forms

given
Webster’s Dictionary Branston’s Dictionary

(1) ………………………… (5) …………………………
(2) ………………………… (6) …………………………
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(3) …………………………
(4) …………………………
(7) …………………………
(8) …………………………
Exercise 4.16: Based on the dialogue you hear, match the descriptions
from the box, A-I, with the foods, 1-7. NO LETTER IS USED MORE THAN
ONCE. There are more options than are required. The recording is
played once only.
A. Long and thick
1. Chapatti …………………………
B. Mild with coconut
2. Naan bread ………………………… C. Unusual with potatoes
3. Poppadom ………………………… D. Round and flat
E. Slice with pineapple
4. Chicken korma …………………………
F. Slightly spicy
5. Rogan josh ………………………… G. Lamb curry
6. Thai seafood curry ………………………… H. Thin and crispy

I. Vegetables in flour, fried
7. Bhaji …………………………
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Exercise 4.17: You will hear a talk about hotels. Based on the
information you hear, match the hotels from the box, A-C, with the
descriptions, 1-6. You may use some of the letters more than once. The
recording is played once only.
1. Close to airport
2. Close to city centre A. Swan Hotel
3. En suite bathroom B. Sunrise Hotel
4. Satellite TV C. Backpacker Hotel
5. Internet in room
6. Credit cards accepted
Exercise 4.18: Listen to a travel agent discussing a holiday booking with

two lady customers, and then choose from the list of countries the ones
which are mentioned in the dialogue, and then match them up with the
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reasons why the two customers didn't want to go there.
Yugoslavia
1. Greek islands ……………………… A. There are too many teenagers.
2. Greek mainland ………………… B. It would be too hot.
3. Portugal ………………………… C. The beaches are dirty.
4. Italy ………………………… D. There is no flight from London.
5. Spain …………………… E. There is only self-catering.

F. It’s too expensive.
G. The dates don’t suit them.
H. There are no nice beaches.
I. There aren’t enough facilities.
J. There are only departures on Tuesdays.
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Exercise 4.19: Listen to a travel agent talking about interesting places to

visit in Wales. Match the correct activities & beaches with each place.
Some of the choices may be used more than once.
Places
Activities & Beaches
1. Aberdovey …………………
A. Surfing
2. Abersoch ……………………
B. Sailing
3. Barafundle Bay …………..
C. Racing events
4. Barmouth …………………..
D. Fishing
5. Llanddwyn Bay ……………
E. Beaches for spectacular view
6. Liangrannog ……………….
F. Golden sandy beach
7. Marloes Sands ……………
8. Pendine Sands……………
9. Rhossili Beach ……………
10. Tenby………B…………
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Multiple Choices
Exercise 5.1: Listen and choose the correct answer.
1 Why can't John go on the boat trip?
A. He doesn't feel_ welt.

B. He has booked theatre tickets.
C. He's scared of the water.
Exercise 5.2: Listen and answer the questions about John and Sam's
holiday.
1 Where does Sam recommend going for dinner?
A. Joe's Café
B. The Captain's Tabte
C. Mangan's
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2 Who is going to reserve the tabte?
A. John
B. Sam
C. The hotel receptionist
1. The survey found that the majority of students drink
A. water
B. coffee
C. tea
2. What point does the speaker make about skiing?
A. A small percentage of the US is suitable for skiing.

B. A surprisingly large number of Amercans like skiing.
C. A relatively small proportion of Americans have tried skiing.
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3. The number of wild elephants in Africa is estimated to be at least
A. 53,000
B. 470,000
C. 690,000
4. According to the speaker, which two can weigh the same?
A. the tongue of a blue whale and an elephant.

B. an elephant and a blue whale
C. A bus and an elephant
Exercise 5.4: Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO of the following are offered free of charge at Shore Lane Health Centre?
A. acupuncture
B. employment medicals
C. sports injury therapy
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D. travel advice
E. vaccinations
Exercise 5.5: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
1. What did the travel advisor think about India?
A. It was dangerous.
B. It was organised.
C. It was safe
2. Why does the speaker recommend going to India with a tour group?
A. because it is more fun

B. because it is less risky
C. because they don’t need cash.
3. What did the tour guide tell the tourists not to do?
A. speak their own language

B. go with people they don’t know
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C. be nice and friendly
1. When can students ask a security officer to walk home with them?
A. in the evening
B. after dark
C. late at night
2. What does the security officer say students should do if they want to go home late
at night and they feel nervous?
A. They should ring campus security.

B. They should study in the library.
C. They should go home alone.
3. What does the security officer say about national and on campus emergency
numbers?
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A. They are both 999
B. They are both 3333
C. They are not the same.
4. Why should students call 3333 in an emergency on campus?
A. 999 does not work

B. It is confusing.
C. It is faster.
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Exercise 5.7: Choose TWO letters, A-E
New staff at theatre
Which TWO changes have been made so far during the refurbishment of the theatre:
A. Some rooms now have a different use.

B. A different type of seating has been installed.
C. An elevator has been installed.
D. The outside of the building has been repaired
E. Extra seats have been added.
Free activities in the Burnham area
Example
The caller wants to find out about events on
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A. 27 June.
B. 28 June.
C. 29 June.
1. The ‘Family Welcome’ event in the art gallery begins at
A. 10 am.
B. 10.30 am.
C. 2 pm.
2. The film that is now shown in the ‘Family Welcome’ event is about
A. sculpture.
B. painting.
C. ceramics.
3. When do most of the free concerts take place?
A. in the morning
B. at lunchtime
C. in the evening
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4. Where will the 4 pm concert of Latin American music take place?
A. in a museum
B. in a theatre
C. in a library
5. The boat race begins at
A. A Summer Pool.
B. B Charlesworth Bridge.
C. C Offord Marina.
6. One of the boat race teams
A. won a regional competition earlier this year.

B. has represented the region in a national competition.
C. has won several regional competitions
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1. In Shona’s opinion, why do fewer people use buses in Barford these days?
A. The buses are old and uncomfortable.

B. Fares have gone up too much.
C. There are not so many bus routes.
2. What change in the road network is known to have benefited the town most?
A. the construction of a bypass

B. the development of cycle paths
C. the banning of cars from certain streets
3. What is the problem affecting shopping in the town centre?
A. lack of parking spaces

B. lack of major retailers
C. lack of restaurants and cafes
4. What does Shona say about medical facilities in Barford?
A. There is no hospital.
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B. New medical practices are planned.

C. The number of dentists is too low.
5. The largest number of people are employed in
A. manufacturing.
B. services.
C. education.
Exercise 5.10: Which THREE activities does Victoria enjoy?

A. comtemporary dance
B. yoga
C. film and drama
D. cycling
E. photography
F. running
G. jazz and tap dancing
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1. Judy's booklist from the university contains
A. 15 book titles.
B. 55 book titles.
C. 56 book titles.
2. Judy has to sign up for the trip to Egypt
A. next month.
B. in April.
C. within ten days.
3. The Business Management project requires
A. the use of pie charts and tables.

B. each student to work with different groups.
C. each student to do two presentations
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1. The topic of the presentation is
A. how mobile phones are designed

B. the risks caused by mobile phones
C. how mobile phones are used.
2. The introduction explains the
A. dangers of mobile phones

B. importance of mobile phones.
C. importance of understanding the danger of mobile phones.
3. On the second slide, the students are planning to
A. explain why mobile phones are dangerous.

B. point out some different kinds of risks.
C. mention ways to avoid the risks
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4. The tutor suggests
A. not discussing the dangers of mobile phones.

B. discussing the benefits of mobile phones.
C. having an argument.
Exercise 5.13:
Questions 1 and 2. Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Which TWO things does Alice say about the Dolphin Conservation Trust?
A. Children make up most of the membership.

B. It’s the country's largest conservation organisation.
C. It helps finance campaigns for changes in fishing practices.
D. It employs several dolphin experts full-time.
E. Volunteers help in various ways.
Questions 3-5: Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C
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3. Why is Alice so pleased the Trust has won the Charity Commission award?
A. It has brought in extra money.

B. It made the work of the trust better known.
C. It has attracted more members.
4. Alice says oil exploration causes problems to dolphins because of
A. noise.
B. oil leaks.
C. movement of ships.
5. Alice became interested in dolphins when
A. she saw one swimming near her home.

B. she heard a speaker at her school.
C. she read a book about them.
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1 . Which essay is Frances interested in talking about?
A. the one on 'Educational Psychology'

B. the one on 'Classroom Approaches'
C. the one on 'The Future of Education in the Classroom'
2. What information is she not going to include in the first part of her essay?
A. teacher training
B. demographics and class sizes
C. changes in testing systems
3. Which one of these ideas does she mention for the third part of her essay?
A. How student behaviour has changed within the last twenty years
B. There are more single-parent families now than in the past.
C. interests and hobbies in the future
4. How does she feel about online learning at home for children?
A. In the future, children will learn everything online.
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B. The only function of a school is to educate children.

C. Internet learning at home is possible only if it is limited to a few days a week.
1. Sarah felt nervous because
A. too many people were watching her.

B. she doesn't like Professor Stone.
C. she realised the professor would be taking notes.
2. Sarah thought that Charlie's main weakness was
A. his PowerPoint presentation.

B. the accompanying music.
C. the speech itself.
3. Charlie feels that he can improve if he
A. spends more time on his visuals.
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B. provides more examples.
C. reduces the length of his speech by two minutes.
4. Sarah is worried about her written work because
A. her essays are too long.

B. she feels her grades are low.
C. she hasn't done enough essays.
Exercise 5.16: Choose the correct letter, A, B,C or D.
1. A tardigrade
A. has eight legs.

B. can only be found in seas or rivers.
C. is made of approximately 1,000 cells which continue to multiply.
2. It differs from other invertebrates in the way that
A. it darts around.
B. it has similar physiological characteristics to macrofauna.
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C. its body is divided into eight segments.

3. A characteristic of the tardigrade is
A. it is able to walk.
B. it has certain inner organs including a heart.
C. it stores eggs for reproduction.
Questions 4-6: Name THREE characteristics which make the tardigrade special.
A. It is a deadly creature within its own environment.

B. It can go into a dormant state if necessary.
C. It has a lifespan of over 125 years.
D. It can survive at temperatures of up to 303 degrees Fahrenheit.
E. It is unnecessary for tardigrada to form a tun in freezing conditions.
F. It disrupts the formation of ice-crystals by the production of protein.
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1. The speaker says that owning a car
A. can be stressful.
B. incurs high running costs.
C. is seen as a necessity.
2. During the earlier history of autonomous vehicles
A. the first one was operated by a robot.

B. the European commission started up a fund in the I 980s.
C. the American army vehicles were built solely for off-road purposes.
3. A preliminary requirement of an autonomous car is
A. the installation of additional road infrastructure.

B. stringent testing of both hardware and software.
C. a navigational system which includes sensor noise.
Exercise 5.18: Choose the correct answers.
Questions 1 -3: Which 3 benefits of autonomous cars does he mention?
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A. They are easier to park.

B. They are programmed for unexpected situations.
C. It is far safer than if a person drives.
D. There is no need for health and safety checks.
E. There are no fluctuations in their performance.
F. They feature a driver assistive system.
Questions 4-6: What are the 3 problems mentioned?
A. Most deaths of young people are caused on the roads.

B. There were 2,222 fatalities on the roads.
C. Fewer people were injured on British roads in 2010 than in previous years.
D. The impact of casualties on the National Health System.
E. The rise of car insurance premiums.
F. The occurrence of mechanical failure.
Exercise 5.19: Listen to the interview with a psychologist who studies
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dreams. Then, choose the best answer.
1. Directed dreamers are people who
A. wake up in the middle of a dream.

B. can go back to sleep after dreaming.
C. can control what they are dreaming.
D. remember what they have dreamt.
2. Dr. Border is trying to find out if people can
A. dream the same dream regularly.

B. talk in their sleep.
C. dream they are looking for each other.
D. meet each other in their dreams.
3. What did the experiment require the people to do?
A. To go to a river
B. To sleep in the same room
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C. To dream about a particular situation

D. To get to know each other better
4. What did the interviewer find interesting about the experiment?
A. Neither of the men dreamt about the woman.

B. The woman only dreamt about one of the men.
C. Both the men had an odd dream.
D. All the dreamers had the same dream.
Exercise 5.20: You are going to hear a reviewer talking about films.
Listen and choose the correct answer a-c.
1. What Happens in the Night is based on
A. a story the director was told.

B. the director's childhood.
C. a comic book.
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2. The reviewer thinks What Happens in the Night is
A. the best horror film this year.

B. visually stunning.
C. difficult to understand.
3. In real life, the stars of Happy as Larry
A. didn't get on.

B. fell in love.
C. are best friends.
4. The reviewer recommends you watch Happy as Larry if
A. you are a woman.

B. you like romantic films.
C. you liked Sonya's other films.
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Exercise 5.21: You will hear a talk on the Melbourne Olympic Games.
Based on the information given, answer the following questions. The
For questions 1, 2, and 3, circle ONE letter that represents the correct answer to
each.
1. When were the Melbourne Olympics held in 1956?
A. November 8th to December 22nd

B. November 28th to December 22nd
C. November 18th to December 2nd
D. November 22nd to December 8th
2. Who paid the Lord Mayors' travel costs?
A. They paid them themselves.

B. Local businesses paid for them.
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C. The Olympic Committee
D. Melbourne taxpayers paid higher taxes.
3. How many countries did they travel to?
A. 10
B. 15
C. 50
D. 59
For questions 4, 5, and 6, circle TWO letters that represent the correct answers to
each.
4. What were the major reasons why Melbourne was awarded the Olympic Games?
A. They built a new airport.

B. The southern hemisphere climate
C. Excellent modern sports facilities
D. Large amount of free space available
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5. At the Melbourne Olympic Games, which two countries won more medals than
Australia?
A. The USA
B. China
C. The USSR
D. East Germany
6. What benefits did the Games bring to Melbourne?
A. They attracted tourists.

B. Good publicity for Australian products
C. Improved transport links
D. They improved the manners of local people.
Exercise 5.22: You will hear a talk about a school's job-seeker services.
Based on the information you hear, answer the following questions. The
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For questions 1, 2, and 3, circle ONE letter that represents the correct answer to
each.
1. Job-seeker services are available to students enrolled on which type of courses?
A. Pan-time courses
B. Full-time courses
C. Vocational courses
D. Technical courses
2. Where can students find the list of jobs?
A. In room 101
B. On the school website
C. In the careers advisor's office
D. At the information desk
3. When is the job-seeker centre open?
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A. 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.

B. 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
C. 10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.
D. 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.
For questions 4, 5, 6, and 7, circle TWO letters that represent the correct answers
to each.
4. Which days is the centre closed?
A. Thursdays
B. New Year's Day
C. School holidays
D. Examination time
5. What information is on display about the jobs available?
A. Types of work
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B. Qualifications required for the job
C. Hourly rates of pay
D. Hours to be worked
6. It is the responsibility of the student to
A. make a note of the details.

B. inform a teacher.
C. telephone the employer.
D. attend an interview.
7. What types of job represent the best opportunities for finding work for students?
A. Domestic work (e.g. cleaning)

B. Childcare
C. Work in a hotel.
D. Manual labour
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Exercise 5.23: You will hear some airport announcements. Based on the
information you hear, answer the following questions. Circle ONE letter
that represents the correct answer to each. The recording is played once
only.
1. To board the flight to Bangkok, passengers must go to
A. section BD-221.
B. the arrivals area.
C. the Roberts building.
D. gate 42.
2. The number of the flight to Kiev is
A. CL-525.
B. SL-225S.
C. SL-525S.
D. CSL-525.
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3. The departure of the flight to Chengdu has been delayed by
A. 15-30 minutes.
B. 15 minutes.
C. 30 minutes.
D. 50 minutes.
4. How long will the flight VD-624 to St Petersburg?
A. 30 minutes
B. 30 minutes longer than originally expected
C. 4 hours
D. 5 hours 10 minutes
5. Airport tax
A. must be paid at a machine near immigration.

B. is more expensive for international passengers.
C. can be paid at the immigration desk.
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D. is not payable by domestic passengers.
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Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling
Exercise 6.1: Use the numbers in the diagram to write the answers in the
spaces provided below. Write no more than THREE words and/or a
number for each answer.
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1. ………………………………
2. ………………………………
3. ………………………………
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1. ………………………………
2. ………………………………
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3. ………………………………
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1. ………………………………
2. ………………………………
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Exercise 6.4: Listen to the recording and label the diagram using the
letters (A-I). Do not write the whole word in the space provided.
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Key
1. ……………………
A. Crocodile Pit
2. ……………………
B. Giraffes
3. ……………………
C. Monkeys
4. ……………………
D. Ticket Office
5. …………………… E. Picnic Area
6. …………………… F. Rides
G. Cafe
H. Small Animals
I. Zebras
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Exercise 6.5: Write no more than THREE words and/or a number for each
answer.
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Exercise 6.6: Write no more than THREE words for each answer.
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Exercise 6.7: Write no more than TWO words for each answer.
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4. Which one of these facts about our neighbouring planets is NOT TRUE? Choose
the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
A. There used to be volcanic activity on Venus.

B. The tectonic plates on Venus are unable to move due to the lack of surface
water.
C. Scientists are certain that water exists in a frozen form in the Martian ice caps.
D. The Martian atmosphere is totally different to that of Venus.
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Exercise 6.8: Listen and label the plan below. Write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
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1. ……………………………
2. ……………………………
3. ……………………………
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Exercise 6.9: Look at the map again. You are going to hear two young
people discussing what there is for university students to do in their
town. Listen and write the names of the places 1-5 from the map:
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1. ……………………………
2. ……………………………
3. ……………………………
4. ……………………………
5. ……………………………
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Exercise 6.10: The diagram below illustrates the same process as the
one in Exercise 5, but in a different way. Study the diagram and then
listen and complete the spaces. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
Exercise 6.11: You are going to hear a conversation between a gym

owner and an equipment salesman. Listen and complete the diagram.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each
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answer.
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Exercise 6.12: You are going to hear a group of students discussing

their presentation on the languages of the different regions of Spain.
Listen and Label the map.
Exercise 6.13: Listen and write the correct letter (A — G), next to these
questions (1 — 5)
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1. Bus stop
4. Transport ticket office

2. Train station
5. Taxi rank
3. Tube entrance
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Exercise 6.14: Listen and write the correct letter (A — H), next to these
questions (1 — 5)
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1. Brown hall ……………….
2. Blake Residence ……………….
3. Queens Building ……………….
4. Parkway Flats ……………….
5. Temple Rise……………….
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Exercise 6.15: Label the map below. Write the correct letter A-I, next to
Questions 1-6:
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1. Scarecrow……………………
2. Maze……………………
3. Cafe……………………
4. Black Barn……………………
5. Covered picnic area……………………
6. Fiddy House……………………
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Exercise 6.16: Label the plan below. Write the correct letter, A-G, next to
Questions 1-4.
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1. box office……………………
2. theatre manager's office……………………
3. lighting box……………………
4. artistic director's office……………………
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Exercise 6.17: Label the plan below. Write the correct letter, A-H, next to
Questions 1-4.
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1. restaurant ……………………
2. café ……………………
3. baby-changing facilities ……………………
4. cloakroom……………………
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Exercise 6.18: Label the map below. Write the correct letter, A-I, next to
questions 1-4.
1. bird hide ……………………

2. dog-walking area ……………………
3. flower garden ……………………
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4. wooded are……………………
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AUDIOSCRIPT
Letter & Number

1.1 Letter
Exercise 1.1.1:
1. ROMNEY 2. CAERNS 3. BRAGG
4. JICKELL 5. FAWCETT
Exercise 1.1.2:
1. BRACKEN 2. GOWER 3. JEREMY
4. POLLARD 5. VERNON
Exercise 1.1.3:
1. Birmingham 2. Carlisle 3. Chichester
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4. Leicester
7. Wolverhampton
10. Gillingham
5. Peterborough
8. Amersham
11. Goole
6. Truro
9. Framlingham
12. Ormskirk
13. Painswick 14. Rochdale 15. Sawbridgeworth
Exercise 1.1.4:
1. Main Street 2. Queens Road 3. Fifth Avenue 4. Victoria Street 5. Maple
Drive
6. Station Road 7. Beach Road 8. Riverside Drive
Exercise 1.1.5:
1. onomatopoeia 2. evangelistic
3. Bairnsdale 4. infinitesimal
5. amelioration 6. prejudicially
7.Invemess Caledonian Thistle
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Exercise 1.1.6:
1. BBC 2. SOS 3. WHO
4. TUC 5. ECM 6. SDP
7. ECE 8. EEC 9. IBA
10. LEA.
Exercise 1.1.7:
1. EDINBURGH 2. GLASGOW 3. ABERDEEN
4. DUNDEE 5. CARDIFF 6. SWANSEA
7. NEWPORT 8. BELFAST 9. MANCHESTER
10. LEEDS 11. SHEFFIELD 12. LEICESTER
13. LIVERPOOL 14. BIRMINGHAM 15. NOTTINGHAM
16. COVENTRY 17. BRISTOL 18. BRADFORD
19. LONDON 20. BRIGHTON
Exercise 1.1.8:
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1. Miller
5. G-R-E-E-N
Conversation 1:
2. Maria
6. E-L-E-N-A
3. T-A-N-A-K-A
7. Paulo
4. Sarah
8. Brazil
- A: Hi, Linda. I'm Joseph Miller. Everyone calls me Joe.

- B: Nice to meet you, Joe. And what's your last name again?
- A: It's (1) Miller. It is spelled M-I-L-L-E-R.
- B: Thanks.
- Conversation 2:
- A: Hello, my name is Maria Tanaka and I'm from the United States.
- B: Sorry, what's your name again?
- A: OK, my first name is (2) Maria. It's spelled M-A-R-I-A. And my last name is
spelled (3) T-A-N-A-K-A.
- B: Thank you, Maria.
- Conversation 3:
- A: Joe, this is my friend Sarah Green from France.
- B: Excuse me, what is her name?
- A: (4) Sarah, S-A-R-A-H, and her last name is spelled (5) G-R-E-E-N.
- B: Thank you. Sarah, you are welcome to the class.
- Conversation 4:
- A: OK, Ms. Smith. Let me just check this information. Is your first name spelled
E-L-L-E-N?
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- B: No, it's not. My first name is Elena.

- A: Could you spell your first name for me?
- B: It's spelled (6) E-L-E-N-A.
- A: OK. Thank you, Elena.
- Conversation 5:
- A: Hi, Steve. How's everything?
- B: Not bad. How about you?
- A: Pretty good, thanks. What's that in your hand?
- B: A picture from my computer.
- A: Can I have a look?
- B: Sure, here you are.
- A: Who is the man in the middle?
- B: He is my friend, (7) Paulo.
- A: Is he from Mexico?
- B: No, he is from Brazil.
- A: Sorry, where is he from?
- B: He comes from Brazil, (8) B-R-A-Z-I-L.
- A: I see, so he is Brazilian. He looks Mexican.
Exercise 1.1.9:
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1. Mandel
5. Filand
9. English
2. Brazil
6. Engineering
3. Business
7. Elena
4. Block
8. Mexico
Audioscript:
1.
- Jake: Linda, this is Marti. He is from Canada.
- Linda: Nice to meet you. I'm Linda Mandel. I come from (2) Brazil.
- Marti: Oh, hello. And what's your last name, again?
- Linda: Mandel, (1) M-A-N-D-E-L.
- Marti: What do you study here, Linda?
- Linda: I study (3) Business.
2.
- A: Hi, I'm Joseph Block from (5) Finland. Please call me Joe.
- B: Hello, Joe. What's your last name again?.
- A: It's Block, (4) B-L-O-C-K.
- B: What are you studying now?
- A: (6) Engineering.
- B: Oh, Engineering. That sounds interesting.
3.
- Secretary: OK, Ms. Maclain. Let me just check this information. Is your first name
spelled E-L-L-E-N?
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- Elena: No. My first name is Elena. It's spelled (7) E-L-E-N-A.

- Secretary: OK, thanks. And you are from Brazil, correct?
- Elena: No, I'm not from Brazil. I'm from (8) Mexico.
- Secretary: Oh, sorry. Mexico. But you are studying (9) English, right?
- Elena: Yes. That's right.
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1.2 Number
Exercise 1.2.1:
1. 8 2. 13 3. 50 4. 24 5. 47
6. 86 7. 19 8. 97 9. 17 10. 29
Exercise 1.2.2:
1. 14 2. 17 3. 21 4. 24 5. 26 6. 35
7. 49 8. 55 9.98 10. 42 11. 66 12. 73
13. 88 14. 57
Exercise 1.2.3:
1. 46 2. 13 3. 26 4. 40 5. 29
6. 18 7. 43 8. 38 9. 12 10. 87
Exercise 1.2.4:
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1. 314
7. 196
2. 207
8. 629
3. 145
9. 229
4. 213
10. 155
5. 478
11. 816
6. 523
12. 960
Exercise 1.2.5:
1. 116 2. 196 3. 332 4. 480 5. 390
6. 830 7. 901 8. 642 9. 589 10. 772
Exercise 1.2.6:
1. 2350 2. 6719 3. 10300 4. 80500 5. 65000
6. 12450 7. 15000 8. 28560 9. 990999
Exercise 1.2.7:
1. 5553240 2. 8901190 3. 5653407 4. 8869366
5. 9554591 6. 2077233 7. 9082393-238 8. 5458844
9. 2300187 10. 1963402 11. 2119349 12. 4447892
13. 9780011 14. 0556789210 15. 2119562 16. 5955595
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Exercise 1.2.8:
1. 521 2. 160 3. 743 4. 8,590
5. 4,692 7. 20,101 8. 64,324 9. 90,409
10. 300,530 11. 894,278 12. 570,367 13. 1,010,573
14. 5,609,000 15. 7,524,140 16. 3,420,022 17. 40,568,607
18. 12,000,500
Exercise 1.2.9:
1. fourth 2. first 3. fifth. 4. third
5. ninth 6. seventh 7. eighteenth 8.fortieth
9. fiftieth 10. ninetieth 11. twentieth 12.thirty-second
13. forty-fourth 14. fifty-third 15. one hundredth
Exercise 1.2.10:
1. ELB 2093 2. WVY 6547 3. IL25 BOHC 4. 53AMS 81P 5. Prescott
6. Wainwright 7. Raleigh Street 8. Enshaw Lane 9. 0813 554 782 10. 0771 444 032
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Exercise 1.2.11:
1. £5,445 2. £145.50 3. 25p / 25 pence
4. 3rd / third 5. 181st 6. $15,000.99
7. €8,005.05 8. 0845 373 548 9. 911 438 882
Audio:
Listen to the sentences and write the numbers that you hear below.
1. That's going to cost £5,445.
2. Including meals, it will come to £145.50 a night.
3. And here's your change; 25 pence exactly.
4. I was fortunate to come third; he almost caught me on the line.
5. I am quite proud of myself; finishing 181st in the marathon is no mean feat you
know!
6. I make it $15,000.99 based on everything we discussed.
7. The deposit you made at our branch last week was in the sum of €8,005.05.
8. You can call 0845 373 548 for further information.
9. The reference number you should quote is 911 438 882.
Exercise 1.2.12:
1. 10th July 1985 2. 14th February
3. 8th March 2001 4. December 2014
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Audio:
Listen to the sentences and write down the dates that you hear.
1. My date of birth is the tenth of July, 1985. (female)
2. I believe the exams finish on the 14th of February - at least, that's what we were told
in the briefing yesterday.
3. My wedding day, the 8th of March 2001, was the happiest day of my life. (female)
4. I expect the build to be finished in about three years' time - December 2014 is what
were targeting.
Exercise 1.2.13:
1. 10 foot 9 inches / 10' 9" 2. 5km (kilometers/kilometres)
3. 800kg (kilograms) 4. 453ml (milliliters/millilitres)
Audioscript:
1. Male: To my recollection, it's about 10 foot 9 inches wide.
2. Female: I used to be considerably fitter; that five kilometre run we did yesterday
really took its toll on me.
3. Male: The container's weight? Oh I'd say around 800 kilograms, give or take a few.
4. Female: Ridiculous; why have they come out with this 453 millilitre bottle? Such a
stupid number! They could have rounded it up.
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Exercise 1.2.14:
1. 7 2. 79 3. 335 4. 545
5.120 6. 280 7. 4 8. 9
9. £82 10. £154.90 11. £97.73 12. £331.13
Audioscript:
1. How much is twenty-three plus forty-seven? (pause) How much is twenty-three plus
forty-seven? (musical scale) The answer is seventy.
2. How much is sixty-two plus seventeen? (pause) How much is sixty-two plus
seventeen? (musical scale) The answer is seventy-nine.
3. How much is two hundred and eighty-one plus fifty-four? (pause) How much is two
hundred and eighty-one plus fifty-four? (musical scale) The answer is three hundred
thirty-five.
4. How much is five hundred and twelve plus thirty-three? (pause) How much is five
hundred and twelve plus thirty-three?. (musical scale) The answer is five hundred
forty-five.
5. How much is twenty-four times five? (pause) How much is twenty-four times five?
(musical scale) The answer is one hundred and twenty.
6. How much is seventy times four? (pause) How much is seventy times four? (musical
scale) The answer is two hundred eighty.
7. What is 28 divided by 7? (pause) What is 28 divided by 7? (musical scale) The answer
is 4.
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8. What does 6 go into 54? (pause) What does 6 go into 54 (musical scale) The answer
is 9.
Now listen to four conversations in a department store. Figure out the totals before you
hear them. Write down the prices.
9.
- Customer: How much are these CDs?
- Clerk: They are twenty fifty each.
- Custorner: Twenty fifty each? OK. I'll take these four.
- Clerk: OK. Four CDs at twenty fifty.. (musical scale) That comes to eighty-two
pounds.
10.
- Customer: How much is this dress?
- Clerk: The red one?
- Customer: Yeah.
- Clerk: it’s fifteen forty-nine
- Customer: Fifteen forty-nine? Ok. I’ll take ten.
- Clerk: Ok. Ten dresses at fifteen forty-nine. (musical scale) That comes to one
hundred and fifty-four pounds ninety pence.
11.
- Clerk: May I help you
- Customer: Yeah, I'd like these.
- Clerk: OK Two ties, thirty-six. One shirt, fifty seventy-four. A cap is ten pounds
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12.
ninety-nine. The total is (musical scale) ninety-seven pounds and seventy-
three.
- Clerk: Hi. Good morning, Mr. Smith.

- Mr. Smith: Good morning.
- Clerk: OK. Let me see what you have in your basket. One sweater, that's a
hundred sixty, the coat is eighty eighty-nine and two shirts are ninety twenty-
four. The total is (musical scale) three hundred thirty-one pounds thirteen
pence.
Exercise 1.2.15:
1. £120 2. £90 3. £269 4. £199
5. £49 6. £69
Audioscript: Listen to the recording and write down the price for each item.
1.
- A.How much is this CD player?
- B: It's 120 pounds.
2.
- A: How much does this bicycle cost?
3.
- A: How much does this cost?
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- B: The TV set? It's 269 pounds.

4.
- A: How much is the camera?
5.
- A: How much does this radio cost?
- B: It's only 49 pounds.
6.
- A: How much do the binoculars cost?
- B: 69 pounds.
Exercise 1.2.16:
1. £25 2. 18.50 3. £30 4. £40 5. £90.50
6. £335 7. 50p 8. £125 9. £17.40 10.60p
Audioscript:
1.
- A: How much does this cost, please?
- B: That'll be (1) 25 pounds.
2.
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3.
-
-
-
A: What's the price of that book, please?
B: That's (2) 18 pounds 50.
A: How much are those shoes, please?

- B: Only (3) 30 pounds.
4.
- A: How much is that, please?
- B: It's (4) 40 pounds.
5.
- A: How much is the bill, please?
- B: It comes to (5) 90 pounds 50 altogether.
6.
- A: Can you tell me how much is left in my bank account, please?
- B: Just a moment…yes, it's exactly (6) 335 pounds.
7.
- A: How much will it cost to send this letter to France?
- B: That'll be (7) 50p.
8.
- A: What's the price of that bike over there?
- B: Let me see... it'll be (8) 125 pounds.
9.
- A: Excuse me, how much is the return ticket to Edinburgh?
- B: The day return ticket is (9) 17 pounds 40
10.
- A: How much does this cost, please?
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- B: Oh, this? It's only (10) 60p.
Exercise 1.2.17:
1. 2:45 (a quarter to three) 2. 1:30 (half past one)
3. 3:40 (twenty to four) 4. 9:00 (nine o'clock)
5. 7:20 (twenty past seven) 6. 4:35 (twenty-five to five)
7. 5:30 (half past five) 8. 10:10 (ten past ten)
9. 2:30 (two thirty) 10. 11:40 (eleven forty)
11. 18:30 (eighteen thirty) 12. 19:40 (nineteen forty)
13. 5:10 (ten past five) 14. 7:20 (twenty past seven)
15. 9:30 (half past nine) 16. 8:10 (ten past eight)
Audioscript:
1. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the time, please? B: Yes, it's a quarter to
three.
2. A: Do you have the right time, please? B: I think it's half past one.
3. A Do you know what time the next train to Leeds is, please? B: Yes, it's twenty
to four.
4. A: When do the banks open, please? B: At nine o'clock.
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5. A: What time does the film finish, please?
6. A: When did they come?
8. A: Do you know when the play finishes?

B: Twenty past seven.
B: At twenty-five to five.
7. A: What time do you finish your work today? B: Half past five.
B: Yes, at exactly ten past ten.
9. A: Excuse me, please. What time does the Glasgow train arrive? 2:30 (two thirty).
10. A: When is the next flight to Paris? B: 11:40 (eleven forty).
11. A: What time does the Oxford train arrive? B: 18:30 (eighteen thirty).
12. A: When does the Tokyo flight leave? B: 19:40 (nineteen forty).
13. A: What's the next train to Liverpool? B: 5:10 (ten past five).
14. A. What time does the London train arrive? B: 7:20 (twenty past seven).
15. A: When does your mother come? B: 9:30 (half past nine)
16. A: Wheii oes the teacher come? B. 8:10 (ten past eight).
Exercise 1.2.18:
1.745 5757 2. 723 9861 3. 8230 3541
4. Miss Green 5. 6231 7799 6. Peter White
7. 6401 6589 8. Sally Smith
Audioscript:
Conversation 1:
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- Inquirer: Yes. Could you give me Hilton Hotel's telephone number; please?
- Operator: (1) 745 5757.
- Inquirer: Thanks.
Conversation 2:
- Inquirer: Yes. Could you tell me British Rail's telephone number, please?
- Operator: (2) 723 9861.
- Inquirer: Thank you very much.
Conversation 3:
- Inquirer: Is that (3) 8230 3541?
- Operator: Yes. Can I help you?
- Inquirer: I'd like to speak to (4) Miss Green, please.
Conversation 4:
- Operator: Yes. Who do you want to speak to?
- Inquirer: Doctor (6) Peter White, please.
Conversation 5:
- Operator: Yes. Who do you wish to speak to?
- Inquirer: (8) Sally Smith, please.
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Exercise 1.2.19:
1. single 2. 309 3. 3rd 4. 14 pounds 50 / £14.50
2. double 3. 135 4. 1st 5. 25 pounds / £25
nd
6. triple 7. 205 8. 2 9. 30 pounds / £30
Conversation 1:
- Visitor: Have you got a single room for two nights, please?
- Receptionist: Yes, Room 309 on the third floor.
- Visitor: How much is it?
- Receptionist: Fourteen pounds fifty, including breakfast.
Conversation 2:
- Visitor: Can I book a double room for the weekend, please?
- Receptionist: Yes, we have a room vacant on the first floor, number 135.
- Visitor: How much does it cost? R
- Receptionist: 25 pounds, including English breakfast.
Conversation 3:
- Visitor: Have you got a triple room for one week, please?
- Receptionist: Yes, Room 205. It's on the second floor.
- Visitor: How much is it?
- Receptionist: 30 pounds a night, including a private bath.
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Exercise 1.2.20:
1. 495,483 2. 275,447 3. 400,856 4. 296,634
5. 1,544,404 6. 1,358,246 7. 4,101,988 8. 2,496,076
Audioscript:
You are going to hear about the circulation for some national newspapers in Britain in 1994.
The circulation of The Observer from February to July in 1994 was (1) 495,483. The
Independent's circulation was (2) 275,447. The Guardian was (3) 400,856 and the Financial
Times' circulation was (4) 296,634. The circulation of the Sunday Express was (5) 1,544,404
and the Daily Express was (6) 1,358,246. Britain's most popular papers were The Sun and
the Daily Mirror. The circulation of The Sun was (7) 4,101,988 and the Daily Mirror was (8)
2,496,076.
Exercise 1.2.21:
1. 20 2. 33 3. 28 million/ 28,000,000
4. 30 5. 50 6. 10 million/ 10,000,000
Audioscript:
When you travel to Britain by sea or air, it is likely that you will arrive in the Southeast.
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There are two main airports in the London area. One is Heathrow Airport, the other is
Gatwick. Heathrow is the world's busiest airport for international traffic. It is about (1) 20
miles outside of London. It's located about (2) 33 km west of central London. It has around
(3) 28 million passengers per year. Gatwick is the second major airport. It's about (4) 30
miles, or (5) 50 km to the south of London. It has about (6) 10 million passengers per year.
Have you got all the numbers? I'll repeat it.
Exercise 1.2.22:
Answer:
1. A
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. 1 year
6. 3.7%
7. 4.15%
AudioScript:
First you will have some time to look at questions I — 7. [Pause the recording for 30
seconds]
Now listen carefully and answer questions I - 7.
- A: Hello Mr Preswick. Please take a seat. So you're interested in opening a student
account with us.
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- B: Yes, that's right. You were recommended as the best option in the Student Union
Gazette.
- A: Thank you. That's good to know. We're pleased to say that (1) just over two thirds
of your fellow students bank with us. Now, let's get down to looking at some of the
details on the form you sent us. Now, you said here that you wanted to open a
student account but you might also want to keep in mind other more long-term
ones. Perhaps it's not terribly relevant right now but you may have noticed that we
offer highly competitive interest rates on longer-term investments.
- B: Yeah. I looked at that briefly but I'm on a tight budget at the moment and I might
even need to go overdrawn at some point. Can I do that?
- A: Yes, you can borrow up to (2) two hundred and fifty pounds with-out paying
interest. It's all in the leaflet which accompanies the form.
- B: I'm afraid I haven't had much time to read it what with moving house and keeping
up with my coursework.
- A: Well, there's a minimum charge of (3) 0.5% interest per annum on the amount
you borrow up to the sum of a thousand pounds, which is favourable in comparison
to rates in other banks, and then it increases to (4) 1.6% if you exceed this limit.
Naturally, you would have to talk with us before you reached that point.
- B: That sounds fair. Just going back to those other accounts: how do they differ?
- A: Basically, they are all savings accounts which means you won't be able to
withdraw your money without a penalty, but the longer you keep your money in the
more interest we offer. The main three accounts are the Short Term Saver which
lasts for (5) a year and earns you 2.75% per annum. The next one is the two-year
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-
Medium Term Saver at a yearly rate of (6) 3.7% and lastly, if you can leave your
money in for five years, you get back our highest rate of (7) 4.15%. That's our long-
term option.
B: I'll remember that for future reference when I've got enough money to save.
Exercise 1.2.23:
Answer:
1. PL 348600 H 2.943002939 3. £855 4. 56306672 5.258476
Audioscript:
- A: Right now. I noticed that we have a few gaps in our information.
- B: Yeah, that's because I couldn't find the right documents at the time. I'd just moved
house you see. But I've listed all the relevant numbers here.
- A: Good. Let's start with your National Insurance Number.
- B: Do you want me to read it out for you? My writing isn't very clear.
- A: Yes, go ahead.
- B: It's (1) PL 348600 H.
- A: I've got that. And do you have an ID, like a driver's licence or a passport?
- B: Yes. my passport.
- A: Could you read out the number please?
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- B: Sure. It's (2) 943002939.

- A: Good, we've finished that section. So let's move on to the next one. shall we? It
says here that you're making a deposit of (3) £855 to begin with. Is that right?
- B: Yeah. I'm transferring it from my other account for young savers. Oh, by the way, I
want to keep that one open because my dad pays money into it. All my sponsorship
money will be paid into my student account.
- A: Any idea how much?
- B: Not yet, but I should know by Friday.
- A: That's fine. But I'll need the number of your other account.
- B: Uh...here it is (4) 56306672.
- A: Right. That seems to be almost everything. The only thing that's missing now is
your phone number.
- B: Okay. It's (5) 258476.
- A: Is that a local number?
- B: Yeah, that's right.
- A: Thank you very much, Mr Preswick. We'll be sending you your new debit card
through the post in the next five working days. Now, have you got any more
questions...
Exercise 1.2.24:
1. 3.9 2. 5.2 3. 3.5 4. 4.2
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5. 2.005
9. 0.008
6. 2.009
10. 1.001
7. 1.006 8. 2.001
Audioscript: You will hear about passenger traffic at Britain's main airports in 1990 and
1993. Listen to the recording and write down the figures in the correct columns.
Manchester Airport is the third largest airport in Britain. In 1990 it handled about 10.1
million passengers and in 1993 the number of passengers increased to 13.1 million. In 1990
Glasgow Airport handled (1) 3.9 million passengers and in 1993 the number of passengers
rose sharply to (2) 5.2 million. Birmingham handled (3) 3.5 million passengers in 1990 and
in 1993 the number of passengers was (4) 4.2 million, not a big change. At Edinburgh
Airport, the number of passengers was (5) 2 million and 5 thousand in 1990. But in 1993 it
handled about (6) 2 million and 9 thousand passengers. At Newcastle Airport, the number
of passengers was (7) 1 million and 6 thousand in 1990. In 1993 this airport handled (8) 2
million and 1 thousand passengers. In 1990 Bristol Airport handled (9) 8 thousand
passengers. In 1993 the number of passengers increased to (10) 1 million and 1 thousand.
Exercise 1.2.25:
1. 15.1 2. 11.4 3. 7.1 4. 6
5. 3.3 6. 2.7 7. 15.1 8. 15.4
9. 9.2 10. 10.1 11. 13.5 12. 19.4
Audioscript:
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Now listen to the report on consumers' expenditure in 1983 and 1993 at market prices and
write down the percentages in the correct columns. The percentage of household
expenditure on food decreased slightly from (1) 15.1% in 1983 to (2) 11.4% in 1993.
Alcoholic drink was (3) 7.1% in 1983 but fell to (4) 6% in 1993. And tobacco was (5) 3.3% in
1983 but only (6) 2.7% in 1993. The percentage on housing increased slightly from (7) 15.1%
in 1983 to (8) 15.4% in 1993, and recreation, entertainment and education was (9) 9.2% in
1983, then increased to (10) 10.1% in 1993. The percentage of consumers' expenditure on
other goods and services showed a large jump from (11) 13.5% in 1983 to (12) 19.4% in
1993.
Exercise 1.2.26:
1. 227,000 2. 25% 3. 19% 4. 16%
5. 13% 6. 6% 7. 2% 8. 215,900
9.32% 10. 16% 11. 8% 12. 22%
13. 3% 14. 3%
Audioscript: Listen to the recording and write down the total numbers and the percentages
in the right columns.
Here are some figures about Britain's migration in 1993. There were (1) 227,000 people who
left Britain to live abroad. (2) 25% of them left for other EU countries. (3) 19% left for
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Australia, Canada or New Zealand. (4) 16% left for the United States, (5) 13% for
Commonwealth countries and (6) 6% for the Middle East.(7) 2% of them left for South
Africa. There were (8) 215,900 new residents who came to live in Britain. (9) 32% of them
came from other EU countries and (10) 16% of them came from Australia, Canada or New
Zealand. (12) 22% of them came from other Commonwealth countries and (11) 8% from the
USA. (13) 3% came from the Middle East and (14) 3% from South Africa.
Exercise 1.2.27:
1. 40p 2. 50p 3. 2 pounds/2£ 3. 1 pound 20/£1.20
Audioscript:
Listen to the talk and write down the prices in the boxes provided.
London has been called the most expensive city in the world, though like all other cities, if
you know your way around, you can always find lower prices that people normally pay.
Transport is expensive compared with other places. The minimum bus fare is (1) 40p. This is
only for about a kilometre's ride. If you want to go further, you have to pay more. The fares
on the underground are the same. The minimum fare is (2) 50p, and if you want to go more
than two or three stations, it costs more. The minimum taxi fare is (3) 2 pounds. If you want
to go out of London, you can take a coach. It is the easiest and most economical way to
travel around London by coach. A coach fare is about (4) 1 pound 20.
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Exercise 1.2.28:
1. £40 2. £200 3. 50p 4. 40p 5. £1.50
6. £2.50 7. £1.80 8. £1.50 9. £2.40
Audioscript:
In London, accommodation is another very expensive thing. You would pay about (1) 40
pounds a week for one room. If you want to rent a one-bedroom flat, it will cost more. You
would generally pay about (2) 200 pounds per week for it. A telephone call to another
London number costs (3) 50p and posting a letter costs (4) 40p. A loaf of bread is 40p; a
bottle of beer is (5) 1 pound 50. Very few international students will have their own washing
machines so it is likely that you will have to do your washing at a launderette, which is a
place where washing machines are provided for the general public. Here are some prices for
the use of a washing machine. It's (6) 2 pounds 50 for using a large washing machine and (7)
1 pound 80 for using a small one. You have to pay (8) 1 pound 50 for using a tumble drier,
about (9) 2 pounds 40 for a medium-sized packet of washing powder.
Exercise 1.2.29:
1. £12 2. £45 3. £25 4. £35 5. £50
6. £39 7. £23 8. £49
Audioscript:
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Now let's turn to clothes. It's difficult to find an average price for clothes because there is a
big difference in the price range, depending on the kind of shop you buy your clothes in and
what quality you buy. I've just walked around some local shops, however, and these are the
prices I saw: a shirt (1) 12 pounds, a jacket (2) 45 pounds, a pair of jeans costs (3) 25
pounds. A. pair of running shoes costs (4) 35 pounds, and a warm coat (5) 50 pounds. A
light raincoat is (6) 39 pounds. A skirt is (7) 23 pounds and a day dress is (8) 49 pounds.
What do you think — is London cheaper or more expensive than your city?
Exercise 1.2.30:
1. Bank manager 2. 7 a.m 3. 6 p.m 4. 11 p.m
5. Flight attendant 6. 5 a.m 7. 9 p.m 8. 10 p.m
9. Newspaper reporter 10. 8 a.m 11. 8 p.m 12. 1 a.m
Audioscript:
Listen to Mike, Susan, and Ellen talking about their daily schedules. Complete the chart
below as you listen.
- Susan: Hello, my name is Susan Miller. I'm a (9) newspaper reporter. I'm taking a
survey on people's daily schedules. Mike, could you tell me what your job is?
- Mike: Sure. I'm a (1) bank manager.
- Susan: That's great. So what are your working hours?
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- Mike: Well, it's a regular 9-to-5 office job, so I get up at (2) 7 a.m. and get home
around (3) 6 p.m. That's OK, though I like to go out with my friends at night. I go to
bed around (4) 11.
- Susan: Thank you, Mike. What about you, Ellen?
- Ellen: My job is a bit different. I'm a (5) flight attendant. I start work at 6 in the
morning, so I have to get up before (6) 5 a.m.
- Susan: Wow, that's too early for me. I usually get up at (10) 8 in the morning
- Ellen: Why do you get up so late?
- Susan: Because I go to bed very late, usually about (12) 1 o'clock in the morning. I
get home at (11) 8 in the evening, then I often have to work late for next day's
newspaper.
- Ellen: I see. Well, I can't stay up that late. I often have long flights so I don't get home
until (7) 9 o'clock at night. But I always go straight to bed around (8) 10.
- Susan: Thank you very much, Ellen.
Exercise 1.2.31:
1. 1491 2. 1547 3. 1533 4. 1603
5. 1564 6. 1616 7. 1819 8. 1901
9. 1874 10. 1965
Audioscritp: You will hear some great names in British history. As you listen, write down the
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years of their birth and death in the correct columns.
Henry VIII was born in Greenwich Palace in London in (1) 1491. He married six times and had
six wives. He died in (2) 1547. Elizabeth I was the daughter of Henry VIII and she was born in
(3) 1533, the same place as Henry VIII. She was a very popular and strong queen. During her
reign, England became very important in European politics, in commerce and the arts. She
died in (4) 1603. She never got married. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford in (5)
1564. By 1603, the year when Queen Elizabeth I died, Shakespeare was already the leading
poet and dramatist of his time. He continued to write for the next ten years, but in (6) 1616
he finally stopped writing and went to live in Stratford where he died in the same year.
Queen Victoria was born in London in (7) 1819 and died in (8) 1901. Sir Winston Churchill
was born in Blenheim Palace in (9) 1874 and died in (10) 1965.
Exercise 1.2.32:
1. Richard Priest 2. 10:15 3. 421 7896
4. Rita Harper 5. 2:40 6. 563 2860
7. David Bell 8. 3:30 9. 859 7783
Audioscript:
Dialogue 1:
- Secretary: Hello, Mr. Watson's secretary. Can I help you?
- Richard: Good afternoon. I'd like to make an appointment to see Mr. Watson next
Monday, please.
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- Secretary: Who's speaking, please?

- Richard: (1) Richard Priest.
- Secretary: Yes, Mr. Priest. Monday is all right. Would (2) 10:15 be convenient?
- Richard: Thank you. That'll be fine.
- Secretary: Oh, would you leave your telephone number please, just in case we need
it?
- Richard: My telephone number is (3) 421 7896.
- Secretary: 421 7896. Thank you, Mr. Priest.
Dialogue 2:
- Secretary: Good morning. Dr. Jenkinson's secretary. Can I help you?
- Rita: Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor on Friday,
please.
- Secretary: 'Who is speaking, please?
- Rita: (4) Rita Harper.
- Secretary: Thank you. Is (5) 2:40 any good?
- Rita: That's fine. Thank you very much.
- Secretary: Mrs. Harper, could you leave your telephone number, please?
- Rita: (8) 3:30 Yes, of course. My telephone number is (6) 563 2860.
- Secretary: 563 2860. Thank you, Mrs. Harper.
Dialogue 3:
- Secretary: Hello. Can I help you?
- David: Yes, I'd like to see Professor Hansen on Tuesday, please.
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- Secretary: Who is speaking?
- David: (7) David Bell.
- Secretary: Yes, would be convenient?
- David: That will be fine. Many thanks.
- Secretary: Mr. Bell, would you leave your telephone number, please?
- David: Yes, my number is (9) 859 7783.
- Secretary: 859 7783. Thank you.
Exercise 1.2.33:
1. Mr. Kale 2. Tuesday 3. 9:30 4. 214
5. this afternoon 6. 541 3099
Audioscript:
- Secretary: Good morning. British Council.
- Mr. Kale: Hello. May I speak to Ms. Proctor?
- Secretary: I'm sorry. She is not in. Can I take a message?
- Mr. Kale: Yes, please. This is (1) Mr. Kale.
- Secretary: Is that G-A-L-E?
- Mr. Kale: No, it's K-A-L-E.
- Secretary: Thank you.
- Mr. Kale: Please tell her the meeting is on (2) Tuesday at (3) 9:30 in Room (4) 214.
- Secretary: Tuesday at 9:30 in Room 214,
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- Mr. Kale: And would you ask her to call me (5) this afternoon to confirm this? My
number is (6) 541 3099.
- Secretary: 541 3099. Yes, Mr. Kale; I will give Ms. Proctor the message.
- Mr. Kale: Thank you. Good-bye.
- Secretary: Good-bye.
Exercise 1.2.34:
1. Wendy 2. Sandy Paris 3. Party 4. Sunday night
5. Flat 4, 45 church road 6. This evening 7. 361 3759
Audioscript:
Listen to the conversation and fill in the missing information in the right places.
- A: Good afternoon. 651 8935.
- B: Hello. Could I speak to (1) Wendy?
- A: Ah, I'm afraid she is not in right now. Can I take a message?
- B: Yes... er..., there is a (3) party at Bob's house on (4) Sunday night. Bob's address is
(5) Flat 4, 45 Church Road.
- A: Bob's address is Flat 4, 45 Church Road.
- B: And could you tell her that if she is interested, call me back (6) this evening? My
telephone number is (7) 361 3759.
- A: Your number is 361 3759, all right. Sorry, who is calling?
- B: Oh, I'm sorry... my name is (2) Sandy Paris.
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- A: Sandy Paris, fine. I'll give her the message. Good-bye.
- B: Good-bye.
Exercise 1.2.35:
1. White 2. Kim Grey 3. Friday 4. Cancelled
5. this afternoon 6. 545 3250
Audioscript: Listen to the conversation and fill in the missing information in the right places.
- A: Good morning. Oxford University. May I help you?
- B: Hello, I want to speak to Professor (1) White, please.
- A: I'm sorry, Professor White is in a meeting right now. Would you like to leave a
message?
- B: Yes, please. This is (2) Kim Grey of London Technical College.
- A: Mr. Grey. Is that G-R-E-Y?
- B: Yes, that's right. Could you tell him that the meeting on (3) Friday is (4) cancelled?
- A: Friday meeting is cancelled.
- B: Yes, please ask him to call me (5) this afternoon. It's very important.
- A: All right. And your number, please.
- B: (6) 545 3250.
- A: 545 3250?
- B: That's it.
- A: OK, I'll ask him to call you this afternoon, Mr. Grey.
- B: Thank you. Good-bye.
- A: Good-bye.
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Gap-Filling
2.1. Form Completion

Exercise 2.1.1:.
Answer:
1. M-A-C A-D-D-A-M-S
2. B-R-A-I-T-H-W-A-I-T-E
3. EH10 6PZ
- A: Sorry. Could I have your name again?

- B: Yes, certainly, that's Martin Mac Addams.
- A: So. that's Martin and could you spell your second name for me. please?
- B: It's ( I) M-A-C (capital A) A-D-D-A-M-S. Shall I give you my address?
- A: Yes, please.
- B: It's 263, Braithwaite Avenue.
- A: How do you spell that?
- B: (2) B-R-A-I-T-H-W-A-1-T-E.
- A: And the rest of your address?
- B: Newington, Edinburgh, (3) EH 10 6PZ.
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Exercise 2.1.2:
Answer:
1. C-L-O-U-G-H-B-O-R-O-U-G-H
2. C23 XAE
3. P-R-I-S-C-I-L-L-A
Audioscript:
- A: Hello. This is Clare Johnson speaking. Is this the information desk?
- B: That's right. What can I do for you?
- A: Well, I've got the number of your college but I don't seem to have the address and
I need to send you some documents to enrol in one of your courses.
- B: Have you got a pen ready?
- A: Yes, I have.
- B: Now, you'll need to make it out to the Admissions Department and our address is
Preston Technical College, Cloughborough Road, Preston and ....
- A: Sorry, could you slow down a bit, please? I didn't catch the word after College.
- B: It's Cloughborough. Do you want me to spell that for you?
- A: Yes, please.
- B: It's (1) C-L-O-U-G-H-B-O-R-O-U-G-H.
- A: Thanks.
- B: And the postcode is (2) C23 XAE.
- A: Oh, could I also have the name of the Head of the Admissions Department?
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- B: Yes, of course. It's Priscilla Winters.

- A: How do you spell her first name?
- B: It's (3) P-R-I-S-C-I-L-L-A.
- A: Thank you very much. You've been very helpful.
Exercise 2.1.3:
Answer:
1. 7. W-H-Y-A-L-L-A
2. 8. C-A-I-R-N-S
3. 9. BRS 329
Audioscript:
- Well, it's been great speaking to you again.
- B. Likewise. Well, you're always welcome to stay when you come over to Brisbane.
We've got plenty of space and there's lots to do.
- A. You know, I might take you up on that offer. I was thinking of coming over next
spring. The only thing is - I haven't got your new address.
- B. You'd better make a note of it then. Got a pen? (Yeah) The new place has got a
fancy name. It's Whyalla Lodge. I know you won't be able to spell that! It's (1) W-H-
Y-A-L-L-A. That's an Aboriginal word, you know.
- A. All right. Carry on.
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- B. Cairns Drive, Stepton, Brisbane.
- A. Cairns? Is that spelt with a K?
- B. No, it isn't. You spell it (2) C-A-I-R-N-S. You got that?
- A. And what's the postcode?
- B. It's (3) BRS 329.
- A. Right. Thanks, Rob. Speak to you soon. Bye.
- B. Bye-bye then.
Exercise 2.1.4:
1. S-T-A-M-B-O-U-R-N-E
2. BS15 3FD
3. C-U-C-K-M-E-R-E
4. LE2 1 JA
5. L-E-S-L-E-Y
6. B-E-X-S-T-O-N-E
7. TR3 6EP
8. Y-O-N-G H-E-O-N
AudioScript:
You will hear a man talking to a helpline assistant about filling in a census form. First you will
have some time to look at questions I — 8. [Pause the recording for 30 seconds]
Now listen carefully and answer questions I - 8.
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- Hello, this is Alistair Norseman. Is this the census helpline?

- B. Yes, that's right. What can I do for you?
- A. I wonder if you can help me. I got this census form through the post a few days
ago and I'm not sure what to do.
- B. Right. First, I'll need to take down some personal details. You said that your first
name was Alistair.
- A. Yes, that's right.
- B. Is that spelt with a 'D' or a 'T'?
- A. With a 'T'.
- B. Oh thanks. I've got that down. And would you mind spelling your second name?
Did you say it was Northman?
- A. No, Norseman. And it's spelt N-O-R-S-E-M-A-N. You know, like the Vikings.
- B. Right. Mr Norseman. Can you see the number at the top of the form in the right-
hand corner? That's your reference number.
- A. Oh yes. I can see it. Do want me to read it out to you?
- B. Just a minute. The screen's still loading. We've been having a few problems with
the server today ... Right, go ahead.
- A. It's BR 747 905 EKX.
- B. Okay. I'm just going to have to confirm your address.
- A. Well, it's 139 Stambourne Way....
- B. Could you just spell the name of the road so that I can check? Sometimes it's
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-
-
-
misspelt on the database.
A. Yeah, sure. It's (I) S-T-A-M-B-O-U-R-N-E.
B. Yes, I've got that. And the rest of your address?
A. Stoke Gifford, Bristol. And the postcode is (2) BS15 3FD.
- B. Yes, that all seems to be in order. So, is it your permanent address or are you only
living there temporarily?
- A. Well. I'm a student so I'm only here until my course finishes and that runs up to
the end of the next academic year. So does that mean I don't have to fill it in?
- B. I'm afraid it doesn't. Everybody has to do it. It's required by law. But we could do it
over the phone if it's easier for you and you've got the time. We'll go through it step
by step. It's easier when I explain and it only takes between I0 and 15 minutes.
- A. That's quite long. Won't it be expensive?
- B. No, it's a free service. You won't be charged.
- A. Okay then.
- B. So how many people live in the house?
- A. Three altogether including myself and we're all students.
- B. Now, I'm going to need all of your permanent addresses. Have you got your
friends' to hand?
- A. Yes, hang on. They're in the address book. Here they are.
- B. Right. Could you give me yours first?
- A. Yes. It's 56 Cuckmere Close, Brayfield, Leicester.
- B. Sorry, I didn't catch the name of your road.
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- A. It's Cuckmere and it's spelt (3) C-U-C-K-M-E-R-E.

- B. C-U-C-K-M-E-R-E, I've got that.
- A. Oh yes. and the postcode is (4) LE2 1 JA.
- B. Right and the next person.
- A. Um... Lesley Smith. And the address is...
- B. Wait a sec. Could you spell the first name, please?
- A. Yes, of course. It's (5) L-E-S-L-E-Y.
- B. And the address?
- A.107 High Street, Bexstone, Trowbridge.
- B. And how is Bexstone spelt?
- A. (6) B-E-X-S-T-O-N-E.
- B. Thank you for your patience. I'm afraid the line isn't clear this end.
- A. That's all right. And her postcode is (7) TR3 6EP. So the final student is Yong Heon
Park and he is from Korea. I've got his address here but I can't make out all the
words. Do you need it? I can call him if you like.
- B. No, that won't be necessary but you'll need to spell his name for me.
- A. It's (8) Y-O-N-G H-E-O-N and Park — the last one's easy.
- B. Right, I've got all that. We'll be sending him a separate form for foreign students in
the next couple of days. Now then, let's move on to section two...
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Exercise 2.1.5:
Answer:
1.30 2. 3 3. Free/no cost 4.(own) music 5.10
Audioscript:
- A: Hello. This is Oriental Garden. Can I help you?
- B: Oh, hello. I hope so. I called you last week about reserving a table but I wasn't sure
about the numbers. And I said, if you remember, that I'd get back to you about it this
week.
- A: Yes, that's right. You wanted to book a party for a group of students, didn't you?
(uh-hu) I do remember but I'm afraid I don't have your name to hand. Being so near
to Christmas we're rather busy.
- B: That's all right. The name is Katherine Mackey.
- A: Sorry. I can't seem to find it. I'll write it down again. Is it Catherine with a C or a K?
- B: With a K and Mackey is spelt M-A-C-K-E-Y.
- A: That's fine.
- B: Do you cater for large groups? I'm afraid there are more than I anticipated - about
(1) thirty of us.
- A: Did you say thirteen or thirty?
- B: Thirty.
- A: Well. That's quite a big number. The maximum we can seat at each table is
twelve; so there will be (2) three tables of ten. I hope that will be all right. But there
is a separate area at the back of the restaurant for functions which you can hire out
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at (3) no extra cost for groups of twenty and over. We generally hang up happy
birthday balloons but you're welcome to decorate it yourselves and even choose
your (4) own music. We find that it is quite popular with students and you won't be
disturbed by the other customers. Would you like to book those tables?
- B: Oh, yes that sounds great. Do we have to pay a deposit?
- A: I'm afraid you do and at least five days before the meal. Anyway, it's usually £ 12
per person for individual bookings but it'll be (5) £1O per head for your group
because of its size, and the balance is paid when you've finished the meal. With
large groups like yours we do a set menu which includes one drink - alcoholic or non-
alcoholic.
Exercise 2.1.6:
1. Keiko 2. Japanese 3. JO6337

4. 21C 5. 4/four months
6. Advanced English Studies
Audioscript
- Officer: Yes, what can I do for you?
- Student: My friend is in homestay, and she really enjoys it, so I’d like to join a family
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as well.
- Officer: Okay, so let me get some details. What’s your name?
- Student: My name is Keiko Yuichini.
- Officer: Could you spell your family name for me?
- Student: It’s Yuichini, that’s Y-U-I-C-H-I-N-I
- Officer: And your first name?
- Student: It’s Keiko. (1) K-E-I-K-O
- Officer: That’s Keiko Yuichini. OK. And you’re female. And your nationality?
- Student: I’m (2) Japanese.
- Officer: Right and could I see your passport, please?
- Student: Here it is.
- Officer: OK, your passport number is (3) JO 6337. And you’re how old?
- Student: I’m 28 years old.
- Officer: Now, you live at one of the colleges, which one?
- Student: Willow College, umm, room (4) 21C
- Officer: Right, 21C Willow College, and how long are you planning on staying with
homestay?
- Student: About (5) four months, longer if I like it.
- Officer: And what course are you enrolled in?
- Student: Well, I’ve enrolled for twenty weeks in the..um..(6) Advanced English
Studies because I need help with my writing, and I’m nearly at the end of my first
five-week course.
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Exercise 2.1.7:
Answer:
1. 24 Ardleigh 2. BH5 20P
3. 077 86 643 091 4. Newspaper
Audioscript
- World Tours. My name is Jamie. How can I help you?
- Good morning. I want some information on self-drive tours in the USA.
- Could you send me a brochure?
- Of course. Could I have your name please?
- Andrea Brown.
- Thank you. And your address?
- (1) 24 Ardleigh Road.
- Can you spell that?
- A-R-D-L-E-l-G-H Road.
- Postcode?
- (2) BH520P
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- Thanks. And can I have your phone number?
- Is a mobile alright?
- Fine.
- (3) It's 07786643091.
- Thank you. And can I ask you where you heard about World Tours? From a friend?
Or did you see an advert somewhere?
- No. (4) I read about you in the newspaper .
Exercise 2.1.8:
Answer:
1. 3.30 2. 60 3. Abingdon
4. OX143HB 5. 07789612744
Audioscript
- Receptionist: Good morning. Taxi 4U. How can I help you?
- Sam: Oh, good morning. I’d like to book a taxi to the airport, please.
- Receptionist: Right…and which airport is that?
- Sam: London Heathrow.
- Receptionist: That’s fine. And when do you need the taxi for?
- Sam: My flight leaves from terminal 5 at 7.20 on the Wednesday of 6th July, next
week.
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- Receptionist: Wednesday the 6th at 7.20 a.m. (1) So you’ll need the taxi at 3.30. OK.
Can I have your name please?
- Sam: Sam Williams.
- Receptionist: And your address?
- Sam: (2) 60, Willowside Bank, Abingdon. (3) That’s A-B-I-N-G-D-O-N.
- Receptionist: Thank you. And the postcode is?
- Sam: (4) OX14 3HB
- Receptionist: OX14 3HB. And can I have a contact number for you?
- Sam: Yes, of course. (5) My mobile is 07789 612 744
- Receptionist: Thank you. 07789 612 744. Now we’ll be picking you up at 3.30. Is that
OK?
- Sam. Yes, that’s fine.
Exercise 2.1.9:
Answer:
1. 1/one 2. Francis 3. 23 Cypress
4. CB3 9NF 5. Taxi 6. breakfast
7. Friday 16th April
Audioscript
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- Receptionist: Silver Tulip Hotel. Good afternoon. How can I help you?
- Edward: Ah, yes. Good afternoon. I’d like to book a room for next Friday.
- Receptionist: Certainly, sir. How many nights will you be staying?
- Edward: (1) Just one, please.
- Receptionist: And would you like a single or double room?
- Edward: A double room, please.
- Receptionist: A double room. And would you like twin beds or a king-sized bed?
- Edward: A king-sized bed, please.
- Receptionist: Let me see. Yes, we do have a double room available for next Friday.
Would you like me to book it for you?
- Edward: Yes, please.
- Receptionist: could I have your name, please?
- Edward: Yes, it’s Edward Francis.
- Receptionist: Is that F-R-A-N-C-E-S?
- Edward: No. (2) It’s F-R-A-N-C-I-S.
- Receptionist: F-R-A-N-C-I-S?
- Edward: Yes, that’s right.
- Receptionist: And your home address please, sir.
- Edward: Yes, it’s 23 Cypress Avenue, Cambridge.
- Receptionist: Is that C-Y-P-R-U-S?
- Edward: No. (3) C-Y-P-R-E-S-S. Like the tree.
- Receptionist: Oh, I see. And your postcode is?
- Edward: (4) CB3 9NF
- Receptionist: and it’s for just one night?
- Edward: yes, that’s right.
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- Receptionist: we can reserve a parking space for you. Are you coming by car?
- Edward: (5) Actually, I’ll be taking a taxi from the station.
- Receptionist: that’s fine. And one last question: would you like dinner and breakfast?
- Edward: (6) No dinner, thank you. But I’d like breakfast.
- Receptionist: just breakfast. So, to confirm. (7) You’re arriving on Friday the 16th of
April and leaving on Saturday the 17th. That’s one night in a double room with a king-
sized bed with breakfast
- Edward: That’s right. Thank you very much.
Exercise 2.1.10:
1. a farm 2. Fruit 3. chickens
4. (the) animals 5. Summer 6. supermarkets
7. local shops 8. (the) public
Audioscript
My name’s Alice and (1) I work on a farm in the south east of England. (2) Mostly, we grow
fruit, (3) but we also keep chickens, ducks and dairy cows. So, we have to work outside
quite a lot, even in the winter, when it’s cold and dark. That’s the worst part of the job,
really. (4) You know, having to go out in the rain and snow to feed the animals. (5) But the
summer’s totally different. I really enjoy being outdoors, helping the fruit pickers and
loading the trucks. (6) We deliver most of our fruit to supermarkets. (7) But we also supply
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local shops with our milk, eggs and cheese. In fact, we produce so much cheese and fruit
that (8) we even sell them directly to the public in our farm shop.
Exercise 2.1.11:
1.Pargetter 2.East 3.library
4.morning/mornings 5.postbox
Audioscript
Thorndyke’s.
- Good morning. Is that Mr Thorndyke?
- Speaking. How can I help?
- I’ve got quite a few things which need painting and fixing in the flat and I wonder
whether you'd be able to do the work.
- I’m sure I’d be able to help but let me take down a few details.
- Yes, of course.
- Well, firstly, how did you hear about us?
- It was my friend Mav Hamoton ... you did some excellent work for her a couple of
years ago.
- Do you remember?
- Oh, yes, that was in West Park Flats, lovely lady.
- Yes, she is.
- And what’s your name, please?
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- It's Edith Pargetter.

- Edith ... can you spell your surname, please?
- (1) It's P-A-R-G-E-double T-E-R.
- Double T, right. And do you live in West Park Flats as well?
- (2) No, actually it’s East Park, Flat 4.
- Oh, right, that’s over the road, I seem to remember - quite difficult to get to.
- (3) Yes, it’s at the back of the library.
- Right, I know. And what’s your phone number?
- 875934 but I’m out a great deal in the afternoons and evenings.
- (4) So would the best time to ring you be in the morning?
- Yes.
- Fine. I've made a note of that. Can I just ask, I'll be in a van and I know parking’s
rather difficult round your flats. Where would you recommend?
- Well, (5) I always tell people in larger vehicles to park by the postbox on the other
side of the road from the entrance.
Exercise 2.1.12:
1. 4/four 2. 46 Wombat 3. 3345 9865
4. Thursday
Ucalearn.com
Audioscript
- Good morning. Welcome to the Early Learning Childcare Centre. How may I help
you?
- Hi. I spoke to you last week about enrolling my daughter for next year.
- Oh, yes. I’ll just get some details from you. So, you're her mother?
- That’s right.
- And, can I have your name?
- It’s Carol, Carol Smith.
- And your daughter’s name?
- It's Kate.
- Now, we have several groups at the centre and we cater for children from three to
five years old. How old is your daughter?
- She’s three now but she turns four next month.
- (1) I’ll put four down because that's how old she'll be when she starts.
- Fine, she’s so excited about her birthday and coming to the centre.
- That’s good to hear. And what's your address?
- (2) It’s 46 Wombat Road, that's W-O-M-B-A-T. Woodside 4032.
- And what’s the phone number?
- (3) Oh ... it’s ... 3345 9865.
- So, have you decided on the days you’d like to bring your daughter here?
- I’d prefer Monday and Wednesday if possible.
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- Mmm. I'll check, Monday’s fine, but I think the centre is already full for Wednesday.
Erm. Yes. Sorry. It seems to be a very popular day. We can offer you a Thursday or a
Friday as well.
- Oh dear. (4) I suppose Thursday would be all right because she has swimming on
Friday.
- OK, got that.
Exercise 2.1.13:
1. Grieg 2. 15(th) March/ March 15(th)

3. 4 Ellendale 4. W52AT
Audioscript
- Police: Hello, London Police Department.
- Anna: yes, I would like to report a robbery.
- Police: Alright, just a minute while I pull up the form. OK, could you give your first
name and last name?
- Anna: Anna Grieg.
- Police: Anna, Greg? G-R-E-G?
- Anna: No, Grieg. (1) G-R-I-E-G.
- Police:: Got it. Alright moving on: gender – female. Date of birth?
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- Anna: (2) the 15th of March, 1980.
- Police: Alright, thanks. Just a few more personal information questions and then we
can address your claim.
- Anna: Alright.
- Police: What is the address?
- Anna: 4 Ellendale Street. (3) That’s E-L-L-E-N-D-A-L-E.
- Police: Oh right, Ellendale Street. Yeah we’ve had a lot of break-ins in that area
lately. And the postal code?
- Anna: (4) W5 2AT
- Police: And are you a citizen of the UK?
- Anna: No
- Police: Ok, what type of citizenship do you have?
- Anna: well, I lived in the United States for most of my life, but I am actually of
Grenadian nationality.
- Police: Okay, so is that the country that issued your passport?
- Anna: Yes.
- Police: Alright.
Exercise 2.1.14:
1. Framlington 2. 07987 44 11 92 3. 2/two adults
4. 5/five nights (only) 5. 4/four
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Audioscript
- Receptionist: Good afternoon, Italianbreaks. My name’s Margaret. How can I help
you?
- John: Hi, I’d like to book a short break in Italy – hotel and flights combined.
- Receptionist: Anywhere in particular?
- John: Yes. Venice, if possible. We’ve been looking at some of your brochures and I
want to check if you have any special deals.
- Receptionist: Right. Let’s have a look and see what we’ve got. Right, mmm. Okay.
I’ve got the screen up. Can you just give me a few personal details?
- John: Sure.
- Receptionist: First, can I just take your name please and a contact telephone
number?
- John: Certainly. (1) It’s John Framlington. That’s F-R-A-M-L-I-N-G-T-O-N and I’ll give
you my mobile number. I can’t always remember it. Yes, here it is. It’s (2) 07987 44
11 92.
- Receptionist: 44 11 92
- John: That’s it.
- Receptionist: and how many people is it for?
- John: (3) just two adults.
- Receptionist: Okay. Any particular price range?
- John: It’s our first wedding anniversary and…
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- Receptionist: Congratulation!
- John: Thank you. So we wanted somewhere nice, but not too expensive. We would
like to make it something to remember. Maybe, in the medium price range.
- Receptionist: Okay. How many nights do you plan to stay?
- John: (4) Five nights only. That gives us plenty of time to do sight-seeing and to
relax.
- Receptionist: Right, that’s five nights only. And what type of hotel?
- John: We initially thought of going for a five star, that might be too expensive. So
we’ve been looking at four star hotels.
- Receptionist: We’ve got quite a few in our brochure, (5) but the one I would
recommend is the Hotel Scotland. It’s four star and I know there are rooms
available because I have just made a booking for another client there.
- John: I didn’t notice that one. I don’t know how I didn’t see it.
- Receptionist: It’s easy to miss them. I’ve also stayed there myself as we sometimes
have to go and check out the hotels and of all the ones I visited this was my
favourite.
- John: oh, right
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Exercise 2.1.15:
1. 27 Bank Road 2. 730453 3. dentist
4. 1200 5. Sable 6. 1997
7. stolen
Audioscript
- Woman: Hello, motor insurance department
- Man: Oh hello, I’d like to ask about insurance for my car.
- Woman: Yes, of course. I’ll just take a few details. What’s your name?
- Man: Patrick Jones.
- Woman: And your address?
- Man: (1) It’s 27 Bank Road.
- Woman: 27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale?
- Man: Yes.
- Woman: And what’s your daytime phone number?
- Man: (2) My work number is 730453
- Woman: And could I ask what your occupation is?
- Man: (3) dentist
- Woman: OK, now a few details about your car. What size of the engine?
- Man: (4) it’s 1200 ccs
- Woman: Thank you. And the make and model?
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- Man: It’s a Hewton Sable.
- Woman: Could you spell the model name please?
- Man: (5) Yes, S-A-B-L-E
- Woman: Ah yes. Thanks. And when was it made?
- Man: (6) 1997
- Woman: Lovely. Right. I presume you’ve had a previous insurer?
- Man: Yes.
- Woman: Right. We need to know the name of the company.
- Man: Yes, it was Northern Star.
- Woman: Thank you, and have you made any insurance claims in the last five years?
- Man: Yes, one in 1999.
- Woman: And what was the problem?
- Man: (7) It was stolen, but…
- Woman: That’s fine, Mr Jones. That’s all we need to know at the moment…
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Exercise 2.1.16:
1. Charlton 2. 115 3. cash
4. parking 5. music 6. entry
Audioscript:
- OFFICIAL: Hello?
- WOMAN: Oh, hello. I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for
the evening of September the first.
- OFFICIAL: Let me just see ... Yes, we have both rooms available that evening. There’s
our Main Hall - that’s got seating for 200 people. Or there’s the Charlton Room ...
- WOMAN: Sorry?
- OFFICIAL: The Charlton Room – (1) C-H-A-R L-T-O-N. That’s got seating for up to one
hundred.
- WOMAN: Well, we’re organising a dinner to raise money for a charity, and we’re
hoping for at least 150 people, so I think we’ll go for the Main Hall. How much would
that cost?
- OFFICIAL: Let's see. You wanted it for the evening of September the first?
- WOMAN: Yes, that’s a Saturday.
- OFFICIAL: (2) So from six pm to midnight that'd be £115 - that’s the weekend price,
it’s £75 on weekdays.
- WOMAN: That’s all right.
- OFFICIAL: And I have to tell you there’s also a deposit of £250, which is returnable of
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course as Iong as there's no damage. (3) But we do insist that this is paid in cash ,
we don't take cards for that. You can pay the actual rent of the room however you
like though - cash, credit card, cheque ...
- WOMAN: Oh, well I suppose that's OK. So does the charge include use of tables and
chairs and so on?
- OFFICIAL: Oh, yes.
- WOMAN: (4) And what about parking ?
- OFFICIAL: Yeah, that's all included. The only thing that isn't included is ... you said
you were organising a dinner?
- WOMAN: Yeah.
- OFFICIAL: Well, you’ll have to pay extra for the kitchen if you want to use that, it’s
£25. It’s got very good facilities - good quality cookers and fridges and so on.
- WOMAN: OK, well I suppose that’s all right. We can cover the cost in our entry
charges.
- OFFICIAL: Right. So I’ll make a note of that. Now there are just one or two things you
need to think about before the event. (5) For example, you’ll have to see about
getting a licence if you’re planning to have any music during the meal.
- WOMAN: Oh, really?
- OFFICIAL: It’s quite straightforward, I’ll give you the details later on. (6) And about a
week or ten days before your event you’ll need to contact the caretaker, that’s Mr
Evans, to make the arrangements for entry - he’ll sort that out with you.
- WOMAN: And do I give him the payment as well?
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- OFFICIAL: No, you do that directly with me.
Exercise 2.1.17:
1. second/2nd
2. Braithwaite
3. Sports Journalism
4. 0774 562 008
Audioscript:
- A: I'm really sorry to keep you but before you go, could I just ask you which year
you're in?
- B: Yes, it's my first year at this university but I'm actually in my (1) second year.
- A: Do you belong to the Students' Union?
- B: Well. I joined when I first started my course but I can't say that I've been very
active.
- A: Would you be willing to attend any of our meetings?
- B: Ok. Where are they and when do they take place?
- A: You've got all the details on this sheet. Would you mind providing me with some
personal background information?
- B: Sure.
- A: Right. if I could just start with your name...
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- B: Michael Braithwaite.
- A: Could you just spell your second name, please?
- B: Certainly, (2) B-R-A-I-T-H-W-A-1-T-E.
- A: Right. and your age.
- B: 20 - actually, I'm 21 next month.
- A: I'll just write down the age you are now. And which department are you with?
- B: Well, you may still find me registered with the Business Studies Department.
because that was my original course, but I've changed to (3) Sports Journalism.
- A: That'll be enough, I think. We should be able to find the rest of your information
from the bursar but just in case, can I have your mobile number?
- B: Uh, yes of course. Do you want my email address as well?
- A: No, that won't be necessary yet. We'll get it off you later.
- B: Okay then. (4) It's 0774 562 003, sorry double oh 8.
- A: Right. I've got that. Thank you for your time and we look forward to seeing you at
the next meeting.
- B: Yeah, thanks. Bye.
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Exercise 2.1.18:
1.hostel 2.Buckleigh 3.PE97QT

4.waiter 5.politics
Audioscript:
- CAROLINE: Good Morning. Youth Council. Caroline speaking.
- ROGER: Oh, hello, I’m interested in standing for election to the Youth Council, and I
was told to give you a call.
- CAROLINE: That’s good. Could I have your name, please?
- ROGER: Yes, it’s Roger Brown .
- CAROLINE: Thank you. I’m Caroline, the Youth Council administrator. So do you know
much about what the Council does, Roger?
- ROGER: I’ve talked to Stephanie - l think she’s the chair of the Council.
- CAROLINE: That's right.
- ROGER: And she told me a lot about it. How it’s a way for young people to discuss
local issues, for example, and make suggestions to the town council. That's what
made me interested.
- CAROLINE: Fine. Well let me take down some of your details. First of all, how old are
you. You know the Council is for young people aged from 13 to 18?
- ROGER: I’ve just turned 18.
- CAROLINE: And where do you live, Roger?
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- ROGER: Well, that’s a bit complicated. At the moment I’m looking for a flat to rent
here, (1) so I’m in a hostel from Monday to Friday. I go back to my parents’ place at
the weekend.
- CAROLINE: OK so where’s the best place to send you some information about the
Council.
- ROGER: Oh to my parents’ address, please. (2) That's 17, Buckleigh Street - B-U-C-
KL-E-l-G-H Street, Stamford, Lincolnshire, though you don’t really need the county.
- CAROLINE: Oh, I know Stamford - it’s a lovely town. And what’s the postcode?
- ROGER: (3) PE9 7QT
- CAROLINE: Right, thank you. So are you working here, or are you a student.
- ROGER: I started studying at the university a couple of weeks ago, and I've got a
parttime job for a few hours a week.
- CAROLINE: What do you do?
- ROGER: Well, I’ve done several different things. I've just finished a short-term
contract as a courier, and (4) now I’m working as a waiter in one of the big hotels.
- CAROLINE: Uhuh. That can't leave you much time for studying!
- ROGER: Oh, it’s not too bad. I manage to fit it all in.
- CAROLINE: What are you studying?
- ROGER: My ambition is to go into parliament eventually, (5) so my major subject is
politics . That’s partly why I think the Youth Council is important and want to be a
part of it.
- CAROLINE: And I suppose you’re also taking a minor subject, aren’t you? I know a lot
of people study economics too.
- ROGER: I chose history. To be honest, I’m not finding it as interesting as I expected!
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Exercise 2.1.19:
1. special offer
2. vegetarian
3. -garden.com
4. (Thursday) 14th December
5. 0786 587 644
Audioscript:
- B: Right. So how much does it cost all together?
- A: Depends on when you want to book. We have a (1) special offer on at the
moment. If you come in the week, it works out cheaper. So. it's only 16.50 if you
dine here between Monday and Thursday but 18.50 on Friday and the weekend. You
do have to pay extra for any additional drinks but tips are included in the price.
- B: Oh, ok. That sounds reasonable. Do we get a choice of different courses? I love all
kinds of Chinese food but some of us are vegetarian.
- A: But of course! You get a very good selection for the price and (2) not all dishes
contain meat. For each course there is a choice of four different dishes. If you visit
our website at www.oriental (3) -garden.com, you can take a look at the menu
together and send us your orders before you arrive.
- B: Just a minute. Just getting a pen.... Is oriental garden all one word?
- A: No, there's a dash separating the words... So when are you planning to come? I'm
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afraid that the week before Christmas is already booked up.
- B: No, I understand. How about the 12th of December. Is that okay?
- A: Let me have a look. Yes, that seems to be all right. That's Tuesday.
- B: Oh no! I thought it was Thursday. Could you make it Thursday at - say - 8 o'clock?
- A: Yes, that's absolutely fine. So that'll be (4) Thursday the 14th at eight o'clock.
Could I take a contact number from you?
- B: Urn. I'll give you my mobile number. I can never remember the thing off the top of
my head. Hang on. Here it is - (5) it's 0786 587 644.
- A: Thank you very much. We look forward to seeing you. Goodbye.
- B: Goodbye.
Exercise 2.1.20:
1. Geoffrey 2. 19th September 3. 210 4. cash
Audioscript:
- Reception: Good afternoon. Royal. Mount Hotel. How may I help you?
- Customer: Hello ... Er, I'd like to book a twin room, please, for next week.
- Reception: One minute, please ... just check if we have one available.... Yes, we do,
sir. Now, I just need to take down a few details, if I may.
- Customer: Yes, of course.
- Reception: What name is the booking under?
- Customer: My name ... (1) Duncan Geoffrey. That's G-E-O-double F-R-ELY.
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- Reception: G-E-O-double F-R-E-Y. Aha. And could I have a contact telephone number,
please?
- Customer: Yes, 5762 23821.
- Reception: When will you be arriving, sir?
- Customer: (2) Some time on the evening of the nineteenth.
- Reception: Of September?
- Customer: Yes, and we'll be leaving on the twenty-third. How much will that be in
total?
- Reception: So ... That's a twin room ... For a twin, it would normally be £235, but I
can give you a special rate as it's tow season: (3) £210 for the six nights.
- Customer: Great. Thank you.
- Reception: And how would you like to pay, sir? We accept cash, cheque, or credit
card.
- Customer: (4) I'll pay cash on arrival, if that's OK.
- Reception: Of course, sir. We look forward to seeing you.
Exercise 2.1.21:
1. Carter 2. 636197 3. Riverside Hotel 4. 2.00/2/two
Audioscript:
Tourist Office assistant (TOA)
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- TOA: Hello, how can I help you?
- Tourist: Urn, hello. Is it possible to book a bus tour of the city here?
- TOA: Of course, sir. When would you Like to take the tour? There are tours in the
morning, afternoon, and evening ... sometimes it's nice to see the city at night with
the buildings lit up.
- Tourist: We'll be going out for dinner tonight, so, we'd prefer to go this afternoon.
Oh, and it's for two people.
- TOA: Right. Now I just need some details. Can you give me the names of the two
people, please?
- Tourist: Yes. Susan Field, and James Carter.
- TOA: Susan Field and James - sorry, can you spell your surname for me, please?
- Tourist: It's Carter. (1) C-A-R-T-E-R.
- TOA: Thank you. And can I have a contact telephone number?
- Tourist: Why do you need one?
- TOA: Just in case we have to cancel the tour and need to contact you.
- Tourist: I see. Well, my mobile number is (2) 07988 636197 (0-7-9-double 8 6 3 6 1 9
7).
- TOA: That's 07988 636197. Now, can you also tell me which hotel you're staying at?
- Tourist: The Crest Hotel. Oh no, sorry. That's the hotel we're staying in next week. (3)
It's the Riverside Hotel.
- TOA: Oh! The Riverside is a lovely hotel. Are you enjoying your stay?
- Tourist: Yes, we are, very much. We'd definitely recommend it to others.
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- TOA: Oh, I am glad. Now, I can book you on the tour at 4 p.m. Would that suit you?
Alternatively, there is one at two.
- Tourist: (4) Two would be better for us, please.
Exercise 2.1.22:
1. rains 2. (any) electrical equipment 3. crouch down

4. first aider 5. 80%/eighty per cent
Audioscript:
- Charlotte: Do you want to make a start on our Natural Earth project? I think our idea
of a lightning safety presentation is great, don't you, Rachel?
- Rachel: Yes, I think it'll be really good ... I have a few ideas already.
- Charlotte: Great! Me, too. I think we should divide it into two parts: what to do if
you're inside when lightning strikes, and what to do if you're outside. What do you
think?
- Rachel: That's good, but we need more. Something about planning for this kind of
event. And also, what to do if someone gets hit by lightning.
- Charlotte: I can't believe I forgot that! Of course! Well, what should we talk about in
the first part?
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- Rachel: I think we should say it's important to be aware. (1) Lightning is always
before rain, so don't wait until it rains. As soon as you hear thunder or lightning, you
should get inside.
- Charlotte: OK, yes. And then if you're indoors, you should avoid water. Stay away
from doors and windows, and don't use the telephone.
- Rachel: (2) Or any electrical equipment. In fact, if you can, switch it off first. And
you should wait half an hour after the last clap of thunder before going back outside.
- Charlotte: And if you're outside when it storms, you also need to avoid water. Try
and get inside as soon as possible. There are certain things you should avoid ... open
spaces ... anything large and made of metal. And of course the obvious one: trees.
- Rachel: (3) But we should mention that if lightning strikes very near you, you need to
crouch down.
- Charlotte: Oh! Is that right? I thought you had to stand still.
- No, that's actually wrong - you're supposed to crouch down ...
- Charlotte:... and put your hands over your ears. The noise can damage your hearing
if you don't. OK ... I think we've got quite a lot here. Only the last part to go. Now:
what to do if someone gets hit.
- Rachel: I think we should say that it's very rare for someone to get hit by lightning.
Our talk sounds as if there's danger all around! We should try and make it sound a
bit more reassuring!
- Charlotte: Yes, you're right - we'll say it doesn't happen often. It's just better to be
safe than sorry. But what should we say about getting hit by lightning?
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- Rachel: Well, I think we should say it's safe to touch people who've been hit by
lightning they don't have any electrical charge! (4) If there's a first aider around,
then they should help them. Otherwise, it's just best to call for an ambulance. (5)
And we should remind our audience that eighty per cent of lightning victims don't
get fatally injured! That should calm everyone's nerves!
Exercise 2.1.23:
1. system
2. instructions
3. help / assist
4. variety
5. expensive
6. parking space(s)
7. entrance
Audioscript:
- A: Excuse me. I wonder if you'd mind answering a few questions.
- B: Will it take long? I haven't got much time. I've got a lecture in about ten minutes.
- A: No, it won't take more than a few minutes and it will benefit you. You see, the
Student Union has put together this questionnaire to find out if there are any
problems with the facilities on campus and hopefully come up with a few ideas with
a view to solving them.
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- B: Oh, all right then if it's quick.
- A: Great. Right, first question. Which facilities do you tend to use the most?
- B: Well, I don't use the library as much as I should and I haven't set foot inside the
gym.
- A: Is there any reason for this?
- B: Um. There are plenty of books but the few times I went to use the library I
couldn't really get the hang of (1) the system so I don't really bother now. There's a
reasonable selection of books in the library downtown.
- A: So, what you're saying is that we need a better database with clearer (2)
instructions.
- B: I suppose so. and the reason I don't use the gym is I prefer out-door exercise like
football or rugby. One good thing is the outdoor pitches are really well looked after
and there's always (3) someone on hand to help you if you need anything.
- A: Fine. One minute ... lust taking that down. How about the other facilities that you
use?
- B: Well, um ... I think I use the cafeteria the most and ... urn ... the car park. The
cafeteria's ok, I suppose. It's cheap and the food's quite nice, but one thing I find is
that it doesn't have a great deal of (4) variety. I've had hamburgers twice this week
already.
- A: But it doesn't discourage you from using it.
- B: No, as I said, I use it the most but that's because it's on campus and the food is
reasonable. Anyway, I don't really have enough time to go into town to eat and even
if I did. I (5) couldn't afford to do it every day.
- A: I see. So it's only the menu you're concerned about?
- B: Pretty much, yeah. It's clean and the staff are friendly enough.
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- A: You mentioned the car park.

- B: Yes, it's usually all right if you get in early before nine o'clock but if, for instance,
you've got a later lesson at say around I I o'clock then it's pretty much impossible to
find a (6) parking space. Take today, I had to park in one of the back streets behind
campus. It took me more than 5 minutes to reach the (7) entrance, sometimes it's
more than 10.
- A: Hmm. That's a difficult one. I'll have to put it to the committee.
- B: Thanks, I'd appreciate it but I really must be going.
Exercise 2.1.24:
1. food
2. Safety and Security
3. social beings
4. motivated and successful
5. winning a medal
Audioscript:
- Tutor: Well, Simon. How are you getting on with your research?
- Simon: To be honest, there was quite a lot to cover and I'm not even half way
through my materials. Motivation in the Workplace seems to be a well-discussed
topic and there is a lot of divergence of opinions.
- Tutor: Indeed there is. And this can make it difficult to decide which approach you
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want to take. So that's why you should make sure that you've got a clear idea in your
head before you go ahead with your draft. It's too easy to digress and end up
discussing a completely different subject.
- Simon: Well, I've got quite a few ideas together. First of all, I've been looking at the
definition of motivation in the workplace — you know; and what makes you tick so
to speak. And I found out that basically you can put it down to internal and external
factors such as personal drive and the working environment.
- Tutor: Could you be more specific?
- Simon: Umm ... according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, there are five levels of
need. He presents this as a pyramid diagram to illustrate his point. The first and most
fundamental one is at the bottom of the pyramid and demonstrates people's
physiological needs. These are really basic requirements such as (1) food, water, a
healthy body and so on. In the developed world these are things we take for granted
but there are those in poorer countries who regard them as a luxury. The next level
is to do with (2) safety and security. He states that we need to have a roof over our
heads to feel secure and to live in a society with a proper law enforcement system,
that sort of thing... Again, something most of us would take for granted. Uh both of
these levels are based on external factors but this is not always the case. The third
one could be seen as being more internal, although not entirely. That's the
importance of love and belonging. Maslow believes that humans are (3) social
beings and therefore need to bond and interact with others in order to achieve
their potential. Without interaction a person becomes introverted and may even
suf-fer from psychological problems.
- Tutor: So, how did you apply these theories to the essay itself?
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- Simon: Well, if these needs are not satisfied, there is a detrimental effect on the
general overall performance in the workplace. The lower the level, the more
immediate the effect on the person con-cerned. I've put together a file of
psychological case studies to back up my point if you want to take a look. Tutor: I
don't think that will be necessary at this point but I'd like to go through them with
you in next Monday's seminar. So what did you make of the final levels? Simon:
Well, these are more directly associated with the workplace. The next one outlines
the importance of both self-respect and the respect we receive from others. So love
and friendship only accounts partially for our sociological and psychological needs. I
suppose you could say that mutual respect and status in the workplace is a
prerequisite for a (4) motivated and successful worker. And finally — at the top of
the pyramid — self-actualisation.
- Tutor: And what does that mean to you?
- Simon: Well, I think it's pretty much a universal concept. It means realising your
capabilities and utilising them in order to fulfil your potential. It motivates people to
do things such as studying for a degree, opening a business, (5) winning a medal in
sporting events and that sort of thing. In a word, it's the key to success and self-
fulfilment.
- Tutor: So what do you conclude from all this?
- Simon: Basically, it seems that most people require a reasonably good standard of
living in order to reach their potential. For instance, you don't hear of many top
bankers or politicians who come from a poor background, do you? Both money and
education is added to the equation which often equals success. Urn ... so
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-
fundamental needs have to be met in order for the employee to succeed. Without
these it is often the case that he or she lacks self-respect and consequently the
motivation to get ahead.
Tutor: Well, you seem to have covered the main points in the first section. Now let's
focus on the workplace itself...
Exercise 2.1.25:
1. European
2. financial independence
3. unstable economically
4. community spirit
5. poor
6. religion
7. family/familial
Audioscript:
Lecturer: So, welcome to your introductory history lecture. Today we will be examining
history in its most general terms and attempting to personalise it with questions such as
what does it mean to me and how it shapes the world that we live in. Naturally, one lecture
is hardly sufficient to cover such an extensive area but I hope to pro-vide you with enough
background information to inspire you to do more research for yourselves.
I'm first going to focus on the more personal aspect of what history means to us. In the
auditorium today many of us come from diverse cultural backgrounds - Europe. Asia.
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Australia and so on. We all have our individual cultures, don't we? Where do they come
from? Why am I the way I am? This is where History comes in. Think on this: if you had been
born in another country, how would your attitude to the world differ? Take family life. for
example; in (1) European and North American culture you can see that families form tight
nuclear units. Basically, the parents or parent lives with their children, without any other
relatives. including the grandparents. When they come of age. the children often leave
home and set up their own lives, eventually buying their own homes. All of this would
indicate a prolonged period of affluence in society, which subsequently leads to greater (2)
financial independence and personal freedom at a younger age. Some may perceive this as
being a positive phenomenon and rightly so - it can be. However, on the flip side of the coin,
it can also form the basis for social disintegration with families drifting apart. However, even
in the most affluent societies, during times of recession this trend changes and children
often stay with their parents for much longer. This is also true for people who live in (3)
economically unstable countries such as those in South America or Africa. It has been
observed on countless occasions that financial constraints bring both the family and the
community together creating stronger social cohesion. An example of this in Britain was
during the Second World War when money was short and food was rationed. People's
homes were often bombed and many lost their livelihood but they worked together to
repair their lives; women farmed the land when the men were away fighting. This is what is
commonly known as (4) community spirit, which comes to light in times of hardship - the
slums of Mumbai are one of the best examples of this. Many people are often crowded
into one dwelling, food is scarce, disease is rife and there is (5) poor sanitation. Yet, despite
all these obstacles, the people seem to be happy with their lives - something, unfortunately,
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which does not always apply to western society. These models, however, can only serve as
generalisations as there are other factors which may come into play. For instance, they can-
not be applied to family life in the oil-rich Middle East where (6) religious laws play a key
part in the social pattern. In this case, religious doctrine, not financial dependence, has
shaped family life and society as it has done for many centuries. The importance of the
extended family is paramount in these countries; with the elders deciding (7) familial,
social and political norms. So we've covered some but by no means all the factors that
affect us personally. These and others will be analysed in greater detail later on in the
course.
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2.2. Sentence Completion

Exercise 2.2.1:
1. not that difficult 2. (highly) knowledgeable
3. alone 4. not pass
Audioscript:
- Sally: Hi, Dad. How are you?
- Father: I'm fine, Sally. How's the course going?
- Sally: It's going well, actually. (1) I'm really enjoying my math course at the moment,
mainly because it's not that difficult compared to the other modules.
- Father: Good. And what about the tutors - what are they like?
- Sally: (2) Well, I've got four, and they're all highly knowledgeable, but Professor
Jones is my favourite - I really respond well to the way he teaches.
- Father: And are your fellow students nice, too?
- Sally: Yes, I've made lots of new friends, and everyone seems to be very hard-
working. The course has lots of group work, but to be honest, this isn't really the way
I like to study – (3) I prefer to study alone.
- Father: Oh, well, I suppose not everything can be perfect.
- Sally: I know, Dad, you're right. In fact, there is one thing I'm a bit concerned about.
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My statistics module. (4) I think I might not pass it.
- Father: Well, let's wait and see, shalt we - there's plenty of time to improve. Don't
worry about it yet, OK?
- Sally: Thanks, Dad, try not to.
Exercise 2.2.2:
1. fortnight / 2 weeks
2. end of January
3. (full) adult price / £6.20
4. Students' Union Office
Audioscript:
- Simon: Did you want to ask something?
- Student: Err. yes. how often do the tours run and is there an admission charge?
- Simon: Well. Let me see...The answer to that is that we still run (1) fortnightly
excursions for this particular attraction but we've introduced a few new tours; umm,
you'll have to check your updated itineraries for any changes. There should be a
revised list attached to the back of your brochure. As for the admission charge, er
according to this. the student rate was E3.80 until the (2) end of January but you'll
see that it went up at the beginning of the following month to E4.15. which is not
going to break the bank even on a student's budget, and its still much lower than the
(3) full adult price of £6.20. You will have to show your student card when you go in
- so don't forget to bring it along. Well that's about it. apart from booking. This can
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be done in two ways: you can either do it at the reception at the (4) Students'
Union Office during office hours or go online and book it through our website
www.citytours.com.uk. You are welcome to browse and our site is really user-
friendly so you shouldn't have any problems. Now, let's take a look at the night life...
Exercise 2.2.3:
1. week or two 2. giving of presents 3. at the bottom
4. Christmas morning 5. the chimney 6. big turkey dinner
7. the Commonwealth 8. watch football
Audioscript:
The Christmas season begins very early in Britain. By the end of October, you may see
Christmas decorations in the streets and Christmas cards and gifts in the shops.
Traditionally, people start to decorate their houses a (1) week or two before 25th
December, which is Christmas Day.
There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas. The most important one is the (2)
giving of presents. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them (3) at the bottom of
the Christmas tree to be found on (4) Christmas morning. Children leave a long sock or
stocking at the end of their bed on Christmas Eve, 24th December, hoping that Father
Christmas will come down (5) the chimney during the night and bring them small presents,
fruit and nuts. They are not usually disappointed. Sometimes on Christmas Day, the family
will sit down for a (6) big turkey dinner and Christmas pudding. Later in the afternoon, they
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may watch the Queen on television as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the
United Kingdom and (7) the Commonwealth. If they have room for even more food, they
may enjoy a piece of Christmas cake or eat a hot mince pie. 26'h December is also a public
holiday, Boxing Day, and this is the time to visit friends and relatives or (8) watch football.
Exercise 2.2.4:
1. (a) US tour/ trans-Atlantic tour
2. her local theatre
3. 12 / twelve years ago
4. wasn't that/very good
Audioscript:
- RP: And here on Radio Southendean, we have a special guest this evening, Anne
French, director of 'Never too far', the smash hit musi-cal from the West End of
London, which is currently touring the country. And it's being staged for three nights,
from the 22nd to the 24th of March, at our very own Southendean Theatre.
Welcome to our studio, Anne. I'm so glad you could make it.
- Anne: Me too, it's been all go. We've had a tremendously busy schedule. We've just
finished our last show in the West End and are working 24/7 preparing for our (1)
Trans-Atlantic tour coming up at the end of May. It'll be my first time in the US and
I'm really looking forward to it.
- RP: That sounds great: but it sounds like you really have got a lot on your plate. So
Anne, why us?
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- Anne: That's what I've been asking myself. No. seriously, John. This was… IS my (2)
local theatre. And that's why it's so special. I used to go to school around the corner
from here. Can you believe that? (RP laughs) I started directing performances in this
very theatre: purely on an amateur basis. Of course, I was still very inexperienced. I
suppose it must have been ... what? 10? No, (3) 12 years ago? This is where it all
started: and this is where I finally got my break.
- RP: So, you must have a lot of happy memories here.
- Anne: Yeah, so many good memories. Umm... One that springs to mind is when we
put on the local Christmas panto. It was the first time I'd ever directed anything and
to be honest it (4) wasn't that good. On the big day. I remember being really
nervous but luckily everyone was so supportive. They cheered and booed in all the
right places and I've never been given so many flowers in all my life. It really feels like
I'm coming home.
- RP: It's good to have you back. So, tell us a bit about the musical. Not all of us have
been to the West End, you know.
Exercise 2.2.5:
1. mini tape recorder 2. stationery 3. World Trade 4. 10.30 am
Audioscript:
- Judy: Well, you're going to be busy - and so am I. We've got a long list of essays to do
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starting the week after next, but that's okay. I'm good at word processing. What
concerns me is taking notes at the seminars and lectures. I hope that I can keep up.
Only I'm not that quick at getting things down and when I try to write fast. I can't
understand my own writing. Can we use an iPod or something?
- Gary: Well, I don't think they're that clear when you are recording in a big area.
Some students take photos of other people's notes after-wards but I think it's better
to have one of those (1) mini tape recorders - you know, the ones like the journalists
have. I've heard they're really good.
- Judy: Yeah, that sounds like exactly what I need, but where can I get hold of one of
these recorders?
- Gary: The university shop sells them. They're not too expensive either. How much
were they? Umm I think it was something like 20 or 25 pounds. Anyway, it wasn't
too much.
- Judy: Great. I haven't been to the shop yet so I can take a look around and buy
whatever I need.
- Gary: Well, you know that you have to supply your own (2) stationery as well as text
books. They've got a big selection if you need anything.
- Judy: I don't think so. I've got all that I need - pens, pencils, notebooks - no
difference from college, really. So what's your first lecture on?
- Gary: Just a minute. Emm, it says somewhere on my handbook. Here it is 'The
Influence of Globalisation on (3) World Trade' and that's first thing on Monday
morning at nine o'clock.
- Judy: Sounds like the perfect way to start your week (laughs). Rather you than me.
- Gary: I'm sure it'll be okay. What about you?
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- Judy: Well, I'm luckier than you. Most of my lectures start after ten o'clock and I
don't start mine until mid-morning on Tuesday and it says here that it's on 'The
History of Archaeology', and it's from (4) 10.30 to 12.
- Gary: Well, good luck with that one. I think I prefer mine.
- Judy: Anyway, I'm off to the shop now. Don't want to be late for lunch.
- Gary: Okay. See you there then!
Exercise 2.2.6:
1.old-fashioned 2.hygiene 3.demotivate 4.risen 5.control
Audioscript:
- Simon: That tutorial went pretty well I thought. How did yours go?
- Suzie: Yeah, fine. He seemed to be pleased with what I'd found out. So what've you
been researching for your essay?
- Simon: Oh you know, mainly Maslow's theory and all that.
- Suzie: Oh, I haven't had a proper look at that yet. But from what I saw, I found his
theories a bit (1 ) old-fashioned. Mine is more focused around the two-factor
theory.
- Simon: That's by the American psychologist, Herzburg, right?
- Suzie: Uhu I've been reading up on it over the last few weeks and it's really
interesting. I've made pages of notes and come up with loads of ideas. How come
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you haven't had a look? It's one of the compulsory topics we need to cover.
- Simon: I know, but I've been so tied up with reading other stuff and I just haven't got
round to it yet. So what's it about anyway? So, would you recommend it as a top
read?
- Suzie: I wouldn't go that far but I can tell you that ifs worth reading for this essay. It
sets out a lot of ideas really clearly and it's really helped me to generate ideas and
organise my first draft. Briefly, Herzburg created two categories. The first one is (2)
hygiene factors and the second is motivating factors.
- Simon: So, how is hygiene associated with motivation?
- Suzie: Well actually, it's not really to do with keeping physically healthy; more like
keeping psychologically healthy. Some of the examples he gives are: pay, which
obviously is one of the main reasons we work; the number of hours we spend in our
workplace — he suggests that we can be (3) demotivated by working long hours
with poor reward — and the effect that working conditions have on the employee.
He also mentions about differences in leadership styles and the relationship
between colleagues in the working environment.
- Simon: So far that sounds pretty similar to Maslow's theory. What's the difference?
- Suzie: Well, there are a number of differences but the main one is that he did not
consider Maslow's more basic needs at the bottom of the pyramid to be relevant to
modern life. The standard of living has (4) risen a lot since the early twentieth
century.
- Simon: Ah. I see. You mentioned motivating factors.
- Suzie: Yes, these are also important and include the need to experience things like a
sense of achievement, challenge and responsibility, and opportunities to gain
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promotion. Basically, he is saying that it is essential that we should have some (5)
control over our working environment and that, generally speaking, people who
work in a team are more likely to succeed than those who don't.
- Simon: Thanks Suzie. That's given me quite a lot to think about. I'll take a look at it
over the weekend.
Exercise 2.2.7:
1. pumping 2. produced 3. John Kay 4. water 5. faster
Audioscript:
Lecturer: Today's lecture forms part of the 19th century Britain module. Last week we took
a look at the 'Jacobin Tradition' and the changing attitude of the working class. Today, we're
going to explore the origins of one of the most significant phenomena in modern history -
the Industrial Revolution. This can be traced back as far as Thomas Savey, who invented a
rudimentary steam engine in 1698. Its (1) primary purpose was pumping water out of
mines. However, simple as it was, it had far-reaching implications on the technology and
society of the time, proving to be the prototype for all the other engines which followed -
the engines which powered the Industrial Revolution. Engine performance only really
showed a significant improvement with the discovery of smelting coal in 1709. (2) Coal
production doubled between 1750 and 1800. From this we can draw two conclusions.
Firstly, engines had become powerful enough to delve much deeper into the ground and
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secondly it also suggests that there was a growing demand for the commodity due to
extensive industrial growth. A pioneering spirit was emerging at this time - a time which
signalled an extraordinary technological advancement by extraordinary people. One of the
most well-known of these inventors was (3) John Kay - J-0-H-N K-A-Y - who invented the
'flying shuttle' in 1733. This was the machine which would enable weavers to double their
output. This was obviously a bonus for the newly-established factories in the Midlands,
which were growing in response to the rising demand for better quality cloth in the towns
and cities. Naturally, many of the workers there saw it as a threat to their jobs and therefore
Kay's original prototype was destroyed and his product wasn't introduced on to the market
until 1770. This, however, did not halt the march of progress. Other important textile
machines were invented in the 1760s. The first one, known as the hand-operated Spinning
Jenny, was a multiple spinning wheel, closely followed by (4) Richard Arkwright's water-
powered spinning frame. The latter was taken up by large factories and spread from the
valleys of Derbyshire to Lancashire and on to Scotland.
By 1799, steam-powered engines had really taken off. They were powering an ever-
increasing number of machines in paper, flour and textile mills, all of which were driving the
economy. It was at this time that a network of canals was being built. As you can imagine,
once this infrastructure was put in place, it dramatically improved the (5) speed and
efficiency of the transportation of heavy goods such as coal and steel - both essential for
the development of industry. It also meant that they could be transported a much greater
distance. The upshot of this was that many places which were previously inaccessible were
opened up to trade. At this point, I'd like to turn to another form of transportation which
was still in its infancy at the time but destined to become one of the most important driving
forces behind the Industrial Revolution.
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Exercise 2.2.8:
1. cities
2. from Greece
3. for survival
4. Tokyo
5. to 18.2 million
6. increase
7. of the environment
So far we've summed up some of the more evident reasons for our cultural diversity and
you will almost certainly find a good few more as we work through the booklist. Now, let's
turn to a more panoramic approach to history. Our modern world is almost totally a product
of what we have accomplished over the last seven thousand years - when the first (1)
Mesopotamian cities were established by the Sumerians - some researchers may go even
further back to our-first ancestors. However, this takes us back into prehistory when facts
were yet to be recorded and this is not covered in our course. It wasn't until the (2) Greek
historian Herodotus emerged in the 5th century BC that we had any clear evidence to work
from. His findings will be covered in the Ancient History module which will commence in the
second term. So, how has ancient history shaped the world we live in? First of all, we need
to take a journey back in time to focus on the topography. This is perhaps the most
immediately obvious way that our world has changed. Thousands of years ago, Europe and
North America were covered with huge swathes of forest and human settlements were
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limited to isolated tribal communities who were often nomadic or lived in small villages.
Wild animals such as bears and wolves roamed freely and man hunted for food. It is not
surprising, therefore, that during this time man had to fight (3) for survival which meant
mortality was high.
However, over the centuries, as the population expanded, the wood-land was steadily cut
down only to be replaced by ever-growing (in both size and number) human settlements.
The results of this can be seen today in the form of megacities such as (4) Tokyo, with a
population of around 30 million; and there are a number of cities such as Shanghai, Mexico
City and New York all boasting a population of over 15 million. And according to projections
these figures could rise dramatically. Mexico City, for example, was shown to have a
population of I 7.1 million in the year 2000. However, by 2015 the forecast shows that it
will have risen to (5)18.2 million. That's an increase of over a million in a matter of 15 years.
Cities such as Rio de Janeiro and Beijing follow the same pattern within the same timeframe
with a small but significant increase of 1-2 million. There are others, however, such as (6)
Jakarta and Lagos which appear to show an enormous increase —the figure for the latter
one, Lagos, jumping from 13.4 million to a staggering 23.2 million; almost doubling the size
of the population. So, we have progressed over the course of four or five thousand years
from a handful of scattered tribes living off the land to a highly technologically advanced
global society with a population of over 7 billion and still growing; and with it the
impending and serious repercussions of (7) environmental destruction and mass
starvation. How and why did it happen? What will happen in the future? Of course, its not
our job to predict — we're historians. But, needless to say, every fact which comes into
being is history in the making and that's what makes our subject so fascinating. Now, let's
move on to the development of political systems and their influence on our lives today.
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Exercise 2.2.9
1. dust particles 2. Partial deafness/ complete deafness
3. behaviour 4. More irritably 5. Instability
6. negative 7. Control 8. Noise pollution
Audioscript:
These days, we know a lot about contaminated air, contaminated water, and so on. We
know that smoke, chemical substances, and (1) dust particles pollute our environment.
We are not so familiar with the concept of pollution from noise and especially with its
psychological effects. Generally, the physical effects are not surprising: (2) partial or
complete deafness can result from excessive noises — airports, some factories, even some
discos! But did you know that it is possible to kill a person with the right or wrong noise?
(3) Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and
behaviour. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations, even temporary ones, people
behave (4) more irritably and less cooperatively; in more permanent noisy situations, many
people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety and (5) instability as well as
other psychological problems.
However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured
physically in decibels. "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the
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psychological effect of sound, and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for
passengers at an airport who expect to hear aeroplanes taking off and landing, there may be
a lot of sound, but not much noise, that is, they are not bothered by the noise. By contrast,
if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking
noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you
psychologically.
(6) Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is important (7) is if the
person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with stereo earphones,
listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are
probably happy hearing sounds, which they control. On the other hand, people in the street
without stereo earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. (8) It
is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.
Exercise 2.2.10:
1. body structure 2. Tail 3. Hands and feet
4. large brains 5. Make a plan 6. Possesses the secret
Audioscritp:
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Man has always been interested in apes because they are at the same time so like him and
so unlike him. (1) In their basic anatomy or body structure, they are very similar, and for
this reason they are both classified as primates, the highest form of animal. (3) They also
resemble each other in having hands and feet instead of claws (like cats) or hooves (like
horses). (2) Likewise, neither has a tail.
(4) Both men and apes have large brains compared to their body size, and this helps again
to distinguish them from other species of animals. But, compared to the chimpanzee, for
example, man's brain is our times as large. Like man, apes can use tools. For example, an
ape may pick up a stick and put it in an ants' nest to make the ants come out. Similarly, apes
have been known to make tools, for example, by breaking off branches to use as sticks. (5)
Man, however, is quite different, in fact, unique among animals, because he can make a
plan, and then make a tool by following that plan.
All human beings everywhere have a language, and there are thousands of different
languages in the world. All these languages are equally complex, and they are very different
from the cries of apes and other animals.
Finally, we can use fire-making to differentiate men from apes. (6) Man has possessed the
secret of making fire for thousands of years. In contrast, neither apes nor any other animals
possess this secret,
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2.3. Table Completion

Exercise 2.3.1:
Listen to the conversation carefully. Fill in the table below as you listen:
1. USA 2. New Zealand
3. Chemistry 4. Social Science
- Rich: Hi, my name is Rich from the (1) United States. Are you from Australia?
- Maria: No, I'm from (2) New Zealand.
- Rich: And what are you studying?
- Maria: I'm studying (3) Chemistry. And what are you studying here?
- Rich: I'm studying (4) Social Science.
Exercise 2.3.2:
1.2020 2.flight
3.429 4.dinner
Audioscript:
- So how many days are the trips and how much do they cost?
- The first one I told you about is a self-drive tour through California which lasts
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twelve days and covers 2020 kilometres. The shortest journey is 206 km and the
longest is 632 kilometres. The cost is £525 per person. (2) That includes
accommodation, car rental and a flight but no meals.
- And the other trip?
- That lasts nine days but you spend only three days on the road. You cover about 980
kilometres altogether.
- So is that cheaper then?
- Yes, it's almost a hundred pounds cheaper. (3) It’s £429 per person, which is a good
deal.
- So that covers accommodation and car hire. What about flights?
- They aren’t included. (4) But these hotels offer dinner in the price.
- Well, thank you very much. I'll be in touch when I’ve had a chance to look at the
brochure.
- I’m pleased to help. Goodbye.
- Goodbye.
Exercise 2.3.3:
1.babies 2.Eshcol
3.evening 4.Gormley
Audioscript:
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- WOMAN: Can I help you?

- MAN: Yes, I’ve just moved to this area with my wife and children and I’d like to know
where we can all register with a doctor at a Health Centre.
- WOMAN: Okay. Well, there’s Doctor Green at The Harvey Clinic. (1) We always
recommend her for babies , because she’s very good with them and she runs a
special clinic.
- MAN: Oh ... actually my youngest child is five, so that wouldn’t be any good for us.
- WOMAN: Right.
- MAN: Is there anywhere else I could try?
- WOMAN: Yes, the Eshcol Health Practice is the next one on my list.
- MAN: How do you spell that?
- WOMAN: (2) E-S-H-C-O-L. And it’s Doctor Fuller, who has space on his list. The clinic
only opened a year ago, so the facilities are all very modern.
- MAN: That sounds good.
- WOMAN: (3) And it’s particularly good if you’re busy during the day, because they
also do appointments in the evening . They’re closed on Saturday, though. The only
other place on the list is the Health Centre on Shore Lane. You can register with
Doctor Gormley, (4) that’s G-O-R-M-L-E-Y . He’s new there, but the centre has a very
good reputation.
- MAN: Oh yes, I think I know the road. That would be the best one.
Exercise 2.3.4:
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1. heart 2. primary school
3. 4.30 4. ages
Audioscript
- You might also be interested to know the Centre is running a pilot scheme of talks
for patients. I’ve got the list here. Actually, they look very interesting.
- What sort of things?
- Well, the first one’s about giving up smoking. It’s next week, the twenty-fifth of
February, at 7 pm, and that’s in Room 4. (1) It says, the talk will stress the health
benefits particularly for people with asthma or heart disease .
- That sounds very interesting.
- There’s also a talk for families with children. It’s on Healthy Eating, and takes place
on the first of March at five o’clock.
- Will that be at the Health Centre?
- Erm, (2) actually it’s at the primary school on Shore Lane . I imagine they’re inviting
the parents of pupils there - it says here ‘all welcome’.
- Mmm, I might go to that if I have time.
- There’s a couple of other talks - one giving advice about how to avoid injuries while
doing exercise. It’s on the ninth of March. Oh, (3) it’s a late afternoon talk, at four
thirty , and it’ll be in Room 6. (4) It also says the talk is suitable for all ages . And
finally, there’s a talk called ‘Stress Management’ which is ...
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Exercise 2.3.5:
1.glass 2.cooker
3.week 4.fence
Audioscript:
- Now, what would you like me to do?
- Firstly and most urgently is in the kitchen. With all the weather damage, (1) the glass
in the door has cracked and I’d need that fixing ...
- I presume you mean replacing?
- Oh, yes. And as soon as possible ...
- What I'll do is come round tomorrow morning and do that immediately.
- Thank you so much. The other things aren’t so urgent but...
- Now, I'll make a note of everything you want doing.
- Well, in the kitchen I’d like some painting doing.
- All the kitchen walls?
- (2) Just the area over the cooker. It’s very greasy...
- Right... it does tend to get that way!
- Yes!
- Well, if you want a proper job done (3) what I’d need to do is strip the old paint and
plaster it about a week before I paint it.
- Of course. Now, May tells me you also do work in the garden.
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- that’s right.
- (4) Well, I’d like you to replace a fence.
- Just One?
- Yes, at the far end.
- Fine. Shouldn’t be a problem.
- And that’s the lot.
- Fine. Yeah, as I say I can come round tomorrow morning to look over things with
you.
- That’s great, thank you.
- So, I’ll look forward to seeing you tomorrow at...
Exercise 2.3.6:
1. 300 2. Sunshade
3.balcony 4.forest/forests 5. 319
Audioscript:
- MAN: Greek Island Holidays, can I help you?
- WOMAN: Yes, I hope so. I have a friend who’s just come back from Corfu and she’s
recommended some apartments in Arilas. She thought they might be on your list.
- MAN: Arilas, Arilas, let me see. Can you give me the names?
- WOMAN: Yes, the first’s Rose Garden Apartments. I’d like to go with another friend
in the last week of October.
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- MAN: Well, we’ve got a lovely studio flat available at that time. I’m sure you’d enjoy
the entertainment programme there too, with Greek dancing in the restaurant.
- WOMAN: And the cost for each of us?
- MAN: £219.
- WOMAN: That sounds very reasonable! I’m just jotting down some notes. Now the
second one she mentioned was called Blue Bay.
- MAN: Blue Bay? Yes, in fact that’s very popular and it has some special features.
- WOMAN: Really?
- MAN: The main attraction is the large swimming pool with salt water.
- WOMAN: Much healthier, I understand.
- MAN: That’s right. (1) And it isn’t far from the beach, either - only 300 metres , and
only around half a kilometre to some shops, so you don’t have to be too energetic.
- WOMAN: Is it much more expensive than the first one?
- MAN: Let me just check. I think at the time you want to go it’s around £260 - no £275
to be exact.
- WOMAN: Right, I’ve got that. Now there are just two more apartments to ask you
about. Urn, I can’t read my own writing! Something to do with sun ... Sunshine, is it?
- MAN: (2) I think you meant the Sunshade Apartments . They’re on a mountainside.
- WOMAN: Any special features?
- MAN: Yes, each room has its own sun terrace and there are shared barbecue
facilities.
- WOMAN: Sounds lovely!
- MAN: Yes, it is rather well-equipped. It also provides water sports - it has its own
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-
-
beach.There are facilities for water-skiing.
WOMAN: Any kite-surfing? My friend’s quite keen.
MAN: Not at the hotel but I’m sure you’ll find some in Arilas. There’s also satellite TV
in the apartments.
- WOMAN: And how much is that one?
- MAN: £490 with two sharing.
- WOMAN: You mean £245 each?
- MAN: I’m afraid not! Each person has to pay that amount and there must be at least
two in an apartment.
- WOMAN: I don’t think that would be within our budget, unfortunately. And the last
one sounds a bit expensive too - the Grand!
- MAN: Actually it’s quite reasonable. (3) It’s an older style house with Greek paintings
in every room, and a balcony outside.
- WOMAN: Sounds nice. What are the views like?
- MAN: (4) Well, there are forests all round and they hide a supermarket just down
the road, so that’s very useful for all your shopping needs. There’s a disco in the area
too.
- WOMAN: And the price?
- MAN: (5) £319 at that time , but if you leave it till November it goes down by 40%.
- WOMAN: Too late, I’m afraid.
- MAN: Well, why don’t I send you a brochure with full details, Ms ... ?
- WOMAN: Nash. But don’t worry about that. I’m coming to Upminster soon and I’ll
call and get one. I just wanted to get an idea first.
- MAN: Well, that’s fine. We’ve got plenty here when you come.
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Exercise 2.3.7:
1. 10,0000 2. relative 3. missed

4. item 5. Ludlow
Audioscript
- WOMAN: If you’ve got a minute, could I just check a couple of points about
insurance? I got one policy through the post but I’d like to see if yours is better.
- MAN: Fine. What would you like to know?
- WOMAN: Well, the one I’ve got has benefits and then the maximum amount you can
claim. Is that like yours?
- MAN: Yes, that’s how most of them are.
- WOMAN: Well, the first thing is cancellation. If the holiday’s cancelled on the policy
I’ve got, you can claim £8,000.
- MAN: We can improve on that, Ms Nash. (1) For Greek Island holidays, our
maximum is £10.000 .
- WOMAN: That’s good - of course our holiday won’t even cost £1,000 together!
- MAN: It’s still sensible to have good cover. Now, if you go to hospital, we allow £600.
- WOMAN: Yes, mine’s similar.
- MAN: (2) And we also allow a relative to travel to your holiday resort .
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- WOMAN: My policy just says their representative will help you.
- MAN: You can see there’s another difference there. And what happens if you don’t
get on the plane?
- WOMAN: Nothing, as far as I can see on this form.
- MAN: (3) Don’t you have missed departure ?
- WOMAN: No, I’ll just jot that down.
- MAN: We pay up to £1,000 for that, depending on the reason. And we’re particularly
generous about loss of personal belongings - up to £3,000, (4) but not more than
£500 for a single item .
- WOMAN: Then I’d better not take my laptop!
- MAN: Not unless you insure it separately.
- WOMAN: OK - thanks very much for your time - you’ve really been helpful. Can I get
back to you? Your name is?
- MAN: Ben - Ludlow. (5) That’s L-U-D-L-O-W . I’m the Assistant Manager here. I’ll give
you my number. It’s 081260 543216.
- WOMAN: But didn’t I phone 081260 567294? That’s what I’ve got on the paper.
- MAN: That’s the main switchboard. I’ve given you my direct line.
- WOMAN: Right, thank you very much for your time.
Exercise 2.3.8:
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1.secondary 2.flute 3.cinema

4.concert 5.market 6.Bythwaite
7.actor
Audioscript:
- ROB:Good morning. Stretton Festival box office. How can I help you?
- MELANIE:Oh, hello. My family and I are on holiday in the area, and we’ve seen some
posters about the festival this week. Could you tell me about some of the events,
please?
- ROB:Of course.
- MELANIE:First of all, are there still tickets available for the jazz band on Saturday?
- ROB:There are, but only £ 15 . The £12 seats have all been sold.
- MELANIE:OK. And the venue is the school, isn't it?
- ROB: (1) Yes. That’s right, the secondary school. Make sure you don’t go to the
primary school by mistake! And there’s an additional performer who isn't mentioned
on the posters - Carolyn Hart is going to play with the band.
- MELANIE:Oh, I think I’ve heard her on the radio. Doesn’t she play the oboe, or flute
or something?
- ROB: (2) Yes. the flute . She usually plays with symphony orchestras, and apparently
this is her first time with a jazz band.
- MELANIE:Well, I’d certainly like to hear her. Then the next thing I want to ask about
is the duck races - I saw a poster beside a river. What are they, exactly?
- ROB:Well, you buy a yellow plastic duck - or as many as you like - they’re a pound
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each. And you write your name on each one. There’ll be several races, depending on
the number of ducks taking part. And John Stevens, a champion swimmer who lives
locally is going to start the races. (3) All the ducks will be launched into the river at
the back of the cinema , then they’ll float along the river for 500 metres, as far as
the railway bridge.
- MELANIE:And are there any prizes?
- ROB: (4) Yes, the first duck in each race to arrive at the finishing line wins its owner
free tickets for the concert on the last night of the festival.
- MELANIE: You said you can buy a duck? I’m sure my children will both want one.
- ROB: (5) they’re on sale at a stall in the market . You can’t miss it - it’s got an
enormous sign showing a couple of ducks.
- MELANIE:OK. I’ll go there this afternoon. I remember walking past there yesterday.
Now could you tell me something about the flower show, please?
- ROB:Well, admission is free, and the show is being held in Bythwaite Hall.
- MELANIE:Sorry, how do you spell that?
- ROB: (6) B-Y-T-H-W-A-l-T-E. Bythwaite.
- MELANIE:Is it easy to find? I’m not very familiar with the town yet.
- ROB:Oh, you won’t have any problem. It’s right in the centre of Stretton. It’s the only
old building in the town, so it’s easy to recognise.
- MELANIE:I know it. I presume it’s open all day.
- ROB:Yes, but if you’d like to see the prizes being awarded for the best flowers, you’ll
need to be there at 5 o’clock. (7) The prizes are being given by a famous actor ,
Kevin Shapless. He lives nearby and gets involved in a lot of community events.
- MELANIE:Gosh, I’ve seen him on TV. I’ll definitely go to the prize-giving.
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- ROB:Right.
Exercise 2.3.9:
1. ten-day
2. sleeping bag
3. catch the train
4. fifteen days
5. horse riding
6. luxury caravan
7. climbing
Audioscript:
You will hear two students discussing what they will do during the summer break. First you
will have some time to look at questions 1-7. [Pause the recording for 30 seconds]
Now listen carefully and answer questions 1-7.
- Celine: It's less than two months to the summer break. What are you going to do?
- Simon: Slow down. Celine, we've still got our exams to get through. Shouldn't you be
looking through your revision notes rather than browsing the Summer Camp
website?
- Celine: Oh come on, Simon. There's plenty of time for revision. It says here that
we've only got until the end of this month to book a place.
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- Simon: What for?
- Celine: The Summer Camp of course! Haven't you been listening?
- Simon: Of course I have, but unlike you I'm working. How do you know I want to
come anyway?
- Celine: Stop messing around. You were only talking about it last month.
- Simon: Okay. So. what's included in the package? And more importantly how much
will it cost? My student grant won't stretch that far.
- Celine: Well, there are three different packages. The first one is the shortest course
and that one should certainly suit your budget. It's a (1) ten-day break in the west of
Scotland starting from mid-July and it costs only £175. What do you think?
- Simon: So far, so good. Go on.
- Celine: Well, it includes provisions for three meals a day - cooked by you, of course:
camping equipment and facilities - you've got to bring your own (2) sleeping bag,
though; and activities such as hiking in the mountains and canoeing and swimming in
the nearby lake - or should I say loch? And that's about it really.
- Simon: Sounds very healthy but I'm not too sure about swimming in the lake. And
how about transportation? How are we supposed to get there?
- Celine: Yeah, that's not very special. It says here that you have to (3) catch the train
to Invergarry, and, from there, there is a special minibus service that will take you to
the site.
- Simon: Inver where?
- Celine: Invergarry. Anyway, the second package is better. It's at the end of June and
it's (4) fifteen rather than the usual fourteen days. I suppose it's to allow for your
journey, settling in and all that.
- Simon: Is that in Scotland too?
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- Celine: Not that far away actually. It's in the Lake District near a lake called Derwent
Water.
- Simon: More lakes?
- Celine: Let me finish. It's got everything from the cheaper package plus water skiing,
orienteering and (5) horse riding.
- Simon: I like the sound of horse riding but you still haven't told me how much it is.
- Celine: Just a minute. Here it is. It says here that it's £295 but that includes the coach
journey to and from campus.
- Simon: And the last one?
- Celine: Well, this one's longer than the others - three weeks to be exact - and you
won't need to mess about with camping equipment. You get to stay in a (6) luxury
caravan with its own kitchen, comfortable beds and toilet. You'll have to share,
though. And another good thing is - no washing-up - you'll have all your meals
provided on site. There's a decent-looking restaurant with a fixed menu.
- Simon: Where is it?
- Celine: It's near a place called Newquay in Cornwall. You can try out different water
sports like surfing. bodyboarding and sailing. Or, if that's not your thing, there are
outward-bound activities, such as (7) climbing, abseiling, and caving and potholing.
- Simon: So, how much will that set me back?
- Celine: Well, it is a three-week vacation in August so it's bound to be more
expensive. It says here that it's even got a games room and WiFi facilities. Oh yes ...
how much was it? Uh, £526. Can't see any-thing about transport though. What do
you reckon? Is that too much?
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- Simon: I don't know. I'm going to have to talk to my bank manager.
Exercise 2.3.10:
1. helpful tips
2. ten/10
3. books
4. research methods
5. Thursday seminar
6. in November
Audioscript:
- Lecturer: Right. If we could all settle down, we can make a start. Now, I'd like you to
take out the handouts that I gave you in the last seminar. I hope that you've all had
time to look at them. You'll be referring to them a lot over- the next few months. All
the basic information that you'll require to write your dissertation is covered on the
sheet. The stages you need to cover, criteria that need to be met, the booklist and a
full page of (1) helpful tips are all included but I'm sure that you've got some
questions of your own, so fire away.
- James: Yes, Professor Jenkins. The list of books is really long. How do we choose
which ones to read and how many should we be looking at?
- Lecturer: Good question James. Well, you're looking at a minimum of (2) ten, any
fewer and your bibliography will look rather thin. Of course, in most cases, it won't
be necessary to read the entire book. The index in the front will guide you and you
should be able to choose which parts are necessary once you've made a rough plan
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of what you're going to write. As for which ones, well the (3) first four on the list,
which are the main reference books, are more or less compulsory. You won't be
able to form the basis for your argument without them. I suggest that initially you
read them and then, after brainstorming some ideas, choose from the remaining
books which ones you think would be useful. There will be individual tutorials held to
discuss your choices but if you can't wait you could always email me a rough outline
of your plan and proposed list earlier. Which reminds me - don't miss next Tuesday's
tutorial - which I strongly recommend you all to attend and it's on (4) research
methods. You will be given some useful advice on how to find and approach your
materials along with the opportunity to ask any outstanding questions you may
have. And in the (5) one on Thursday you will have the chance to go through some
of the choices you've made - as a group. Is that clear?
- James: Oh yes, thanks. So when do we need to submit our draft?
- Lecturer: Well, you'll have three weeks to put together your bibliography and then
another two to finalise your draft. So, that will take you into the (6) second week of
November which is when it needs to be handed in by. So all being well, you should
be well into the essay itself by Christmas.
Exercise 2.3.11:
1. Angela
2. 10.50 ('Ten pounds fifty' is incorrect because the instructions say 'write no more than two
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words and/or a number'.),
3. Tango
Audioscript:
4. Wednesday, 5. 10.00
Hello, everyone. Sorry to interrupt your class. I just want to make a quick announcement
about our summer timetable. Shimmers Dance School will be offering new classes this
spring due to strong demand. (1) Angela Stevenson will be back this term, running the
ballet class. This class will be on Tuesdays, and instead of the normal hour from 6.30 to
7.30, we'll be running the class for an hour and a half, so it will continue until 8 o'clock. (2)
This means we have to charge higher fees, but only slightly higher: from £8.50 (eight
pounds fifty) to £10.50. That's only £2.00 for the extra half hour! Next, (3) Janine Davis will
still be teaching the tango classes. Instead of being on Mondays, (4) these classes will be
on Wednesday nights from 7 o'clock to 8 o'clock. The fee will still be £7.50 for the hour.
Last but not least, (5) Andrew is taking over the tap class. This class is for early risers as it
starts at 8.30 on Saturday morning and finishes at 10. We expect this class to be very
popular as tap is a great way to get fit while learning new dancing skills. This will cost
£11.00. All the other classes remain the same as the winter timetable. We hope there's
something for all of you at Shimmers!
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Exercise 2.3.12:
1. 5-10 2. online dangers 3. friends (online) 4 Test Doctors
Audioscript:
Internet safety is a big concern nowadays, and to protect your children and teenagers
online, it's a good idea to monitor the sites they visit. Don't be put off from letting your kids
use the Internet; it's essential for their education, and can help them make friends too!
Now, let me tell you a bit about some sites we've found for children. Of course, there's a
limited number of sites for the very young, but we would suggest one called Playtime
Online. It's designed for children from four to six years old. It's really colourful and helps
children learn skills for games. Children love it, and it helps them when they begin school.
(1) Then, from say five until about ten years of age, there's a really useful website called
Moving Up. This takes Playtime Online a step further and enhances the maths and language
skills of the child. Teachers speak highly of this site for child development.
When children get into their teens, the Internet can be a more dangerous place. (2) Net
Aware, for the twelve- to sixteen-year age group, makes young people more aware of
online dangers. It's a good site for your child to look at before they start surfing on their
own.
Now, all teenagers love chatting, and (3) Chat Electric is a site designed specifically for teens
from thirteen to sixteen to make friends online with people their own age.
The last site is invaluable for teens studying for exams. (4) Sixteen- to eighteen-year-olds
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love Test Doctors, which is a site designed to help students revise for their exams and is full
of handy hints and tips. The site is run by subject specialists, so it's packed full of
information.
Exercise 2.3.13:
1. register 2. 5/five years 3. spies
4. British Nationality 5. work permits
Audioscript:
Many people have immigrated to Britain and become citizens over the last 200 years, and in
today's lecture, I'd like to look at the various laws or acts of parliament introduced to deal
with those people who came to live in Britain. In 1793, there was the Aliens Act, which the
British government introduced to control the number of refugees fleeing to Britain to
escape the Revolution in France. Compared to today, when refugees have to complete a
long and complicated application process before arrival, in 1793, (1) all that was required
by the authorities was that individuals had to register at the port where they arrived. The
collection of personal information started in 1844 with the Naturalisation Act, which was
updated in 1870. The main difference in the 1870 Act was (2) that applicants who wanted
to stay in Britain had to have served the Crown, or to have lived in the country for at least
five years before being considered. Both these acts allowed the government to control the
number of people coming into the country. These changes were fairly insignificant regarding
people's freedoms and the amount of state intervention involved. However, in the
twentieth century, this began to change. The Alien Registration Act was introduced in 1914
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and when the First World War broke out, all aliens over the age of sixteen had to register at
local police stations, be of 'good character', and demonstrate a working knowledge of
English. (3) The reason for this act was to create a feeling of patriotism among migrant
communities, and also to stop spies from Europe infiltrating the country.
And after the Second World War, the meaning of British nationality was re-defined again,
this time to encourage residents from British colonies to come to Britain to help rebuild the
country. (4) This was the British Nationality Act of 1948. The condition was that potential
migrants had to demonstrate that they wanted to work and were fit and healthy. Finally,
there was the Commonwealth Immigration Act of 1962. Legislation was passed to restrict
the number of Commonwealth immigrants to Britain. Although many people still wanted to
come to Britain to obtain good jobs, (5) the Act now meant applicants had to get work
permits, which were given mostly to skilled immigrants, such as doctors.
In the next session I want to look at more contemporary acts, for instance ...
Exercise 2.3.14:
1. assistant 2. ranges 3. [client) support
Audioscript:
Good morning, everyone. I'd like to talk to you all about the department restructure, and
how it will affect our work. As you know, the company is expanding, and this means we'll
need to recruit more staff and optimise our ways of working. So, I want to look at each of
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our teams, and the changes which are planned to start next month. The Sales Team, headed
by Gary Wilson, will be responsible for not only increasing the amount of business we do
with our current customers, but also searching out new clients. As this is likely to be a
labour-intensive task, Gary's team will need more staff, which is where Linda French's
Human Resources Team comes in. Linda and Gary will collaborate on finding and employing
twenty new sales members as soon as possible. However, not all staff will be recruited from
outside. If this company is going to continue to thrive, (1) each of the current team
managers will need an assistant, and these positions will be internal appointments.
Human Resources are sending out an email to all staff this week asking them if they would
like to apply for one of the new positions, and interviews will begin next month.
Now, in order for the Sales Team to increase revenue, the Research and Development Team
have to come up with some innovative products which will be better than those offered by
other companies. Therefore, Zoe's team will start a month-long project to learn more about
what our competitors make to help inform our design process. (2) Their target will be to
design and create two new ranges of products this year. As always, if any of you have an
idea for a product, please contact Zoe about it; all ideas are welcome.
Lastly, but just as importantly, I'd like to talk about Ian Smith's team. Obviously, after-care
service is crucial to the expansion of the company, so IT Support will be making sure that all
our customers are called to discuss our service as part of the follow-up system. (3) Ian's
team will also be upgrading our client support package to facilitate twenty-four-hour
access, seven days a week. Ian believes strongly that this will increase our competitiveness,
and be a real selling point for potential customers.
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Exercise 2.3.15:
1. Trelawney 2. IF512WJ3 3. 31A Molefield
4. 07741 669861 5. topgun@grab.com 6. With (a/nay) neighbor
7. 43.50
Audioscript: CS = Customer Service
- CS: Intercity Flowers. How can I help?
- Customer: Hi. I'd like to send a dozen red roses to arrive tomorrow morning, please.
- CS: Certainly, sir. I just need a few details to complete the order. What's your name,
please?
- Customer: Brian Trelawney.
- CS: [typing] That's B-R-I-A-N T-R-E-L-…
- Customer: Yep, (1) T-R-E-L-A-W-N-E-Y.
- CS: Brian Trelawney. Have you ordered with us before, Mr. Trelawney?
- Customer: Yes, I have. I've got a customer number if that would help. It's IF512WJ3.
- CS: (2) I-F-5-1-2-W-J-3. Ah yes. Can you just confirm your address, sir?
- Customer: (3) 31A Molefield Road, Bragton.
- CS: Sorry, 31E or 31A?
- Customer: 31A, for Alpha.
- CS: M-O-L-E-F-I-E-L-D?
- Customer: That's correct.
- CS: We don't have a phone number for you on our database.
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- Customer: (4) My mobile number is oh seven four one double six nine eight six one.
- CS: 0741 669861.
- Customer: (4) Oh, that's double seven, actually.
- CS: Thanks. I thought it was bit short. Thank you. OK, that's in. Your e-mail address,
please. We'll send you an e-mail confirming the order.
- Customer: Don't laugh. (5) It's topgun@grab.com.
- CS: Is "topgun" one word, sir?
- Customer: Yes, that's t-o-p-g-u-n at g-r-a-b dot corn.
- CS: If nobody answers the door tomorrow, what shall we do, sir?
- Customer: There'll definitely be someone there.
- CS: But just in case, sir. Can we leave them at the front door, or with a neighbour, or
next to the house?
- Customer: (6) OK, leave them with any neighbour. That'd be fine.
- CS: OK, sir, that's a dozen red roses for tomorrow to 31A Molefield. (7) That'll be
43.50.
- Customer: The last time it was 34.50.
- CS: That was a special promotion for Valentine's Day, sir. It's back to its normal price
of 43.50.
- Customer: Oh, I see. Fine.
- CS: Now if I can just take your credit card details, sir ...
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Exercise 2.3.16:
1. London 2. Cigarette 3. Shanghai 4. Electricity
5. 1898 6. 1917 7. Melbourne 8. Shoplifter
9. 1986
Audioscript:
- Davia: Hey Nigel, have you seen this article about those paintings?
- Nigel: "The 5 greatest modern paintings in the world"? Are you thinking of going to
see them all?
- Davia: Well, if you're thinking of buying me a round-the-world ticket, taking in
Germany, China, Australia, America, and the UK, then yes, I will.
- Nigel: Oh yeah, I was just popping down to the travel agent's to pick it up. You
should be so lucky. Still, it would be fun to see them all. I really like Pistashio's work,
and "Afternoon Tea" really is a classic painting. We could go to see it, you know. (1)
It's only down the road in London.
- Davia: I'll tell you what. If you can guess the year it was painted, I'll give you the train
ticket to London.
- Nigel: Cool. Hmmm. End of the nineteenth century ... er ... 1899?
- Davia: Oh, so close. Two years out.
- Nigel: 1901?
- Davia: Wrong again! Good guess, though. It was a hundred years before the Van
Boch painting, which I hate. It's just a drawing of a cigarette.
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- Nigel: Well, what do you expect? (2) It is called "Cigarette".
- Davia: Anyway, if you get yourself over to Beijing, you can see it.
- Nigel: (3) Shanghai, actually.
- Davia: All right, so Beijing got the Olympics, and Shanghai gets a ciggy. Good deal!
Anyway, I'm not too partial to Van Boch's stuff. (4) I do like Whistleton, though, and
I love the colours in "Electricity".
- Nigel: I'm with you there. It's a bit of a miracle how the painting still looks fresh
today. Those sparks seem to jump out at you, even though it was painted about two
years before the end of the nineteenth century.
- Davia: (5) You know, we could make it to Berlin, even if it were just to see a piece of
canvas from 1898 called "Electricity". Well, we could go clubbing, too.
- Nigel: Hold on a minute! If we're really going to pull our fingers out and genuinely
make an effort to see a modern classic, (7) we should fly over to Melbourne to see
Rowland's "Post Office".
- Davia: Sad story that. (6) He painted it in 1917 in the war. He died the week after he
finished the painting. Still, we could go over there for the Melbourne Cup. I love
horse racing.
- Nigel: You're all heart. So, we've just about got enough cash to cover next month's
rent and we're on about flying Down Under. Anyway, it's 1916. Oh, hang about, no, it
is 1917. I stand corrected, by myself. When he painted it, it was such a different style
of painting, such a revolutionary portrayal of everyday life. I suppose it defined a
new movement.
- Davia: Well, that's more than can be said for Pincher. Washington's never really
tickled my fancy, and I wouldn't spend a fortune to fly there to see a picture of an
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old woman stealing a bag of peas from a supermarket. What a load of rubbish! 1986
wasn't a vintage year for art.
- Nigel: That depends. (8) Calling it "Shoplifter" wasn't very imaginative, (9) but in
1986, he did paint one picture every week, including "Shoplifter". That is amazingly
prolific.
- Davia: What about if a shoplifter walked into the Washington Gallery and stole
"Shoplifter"?
- Nigel: It'd be great publicity.
- Davia: Yeah, and some sort of justice.
Exercise 2.3.17:
1. paying attention / concentration 2. Lydia
3. Spelling, grammar 4. 5e
5. pronunciation 6. 6a
7. effort 8. Basic grammar
Audioscript:
- Teacher 1: So let's get started. Just to reiterate, this is just an informal chat about
how things are going with French lessons here at school. From what you've said,
there's not much to discuss in terms of the syllabus or equipment, and things are
basically going really well.
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- Teacher 2: That's right. I really enjoy teaching here.
- Teacher 1: That's good news. I notice in some classes, you are even ahead of
schedule, which is practically unheard-of. You have mentioned a few
underperforming students, though.
- Teacher 2: Well, there's only one student with major problems, but I'd like to just
flag a few of them and maybe mention something to the parents. A stitch in time
saves nine, sort of thing.
- Teacher 1: OK, who's first?
- Teacher 2: I'll take them in class order. 2b. Brian Jones. He's a strange sort of guy,
not bad at all, and his results put him up there in the top 10% of the class. His
reading and listening skills are superb.
- Teacher 1: So, what's the problem with Brian?
- Teacher 2: (1) He really has trouble paying attention. When we're in the middle of a
role-play, his mind will just wander and he's in a world of his own. It's not particularly
disruptive. It's just that it happens pretty often.
- Teacher 1: Let's just make a note about concentration levels. If he can't pay
attention in other classes, too, it could be serious.
- Teacher 2: Now on to 4c. It's a great class. We're having some really good
discussions. However, I think Lydia Robinson is finding things tricky.
- Teacher 1: Lydia? Is that Robert's sister?
- Teacher 2: They really look alike. (2) That's Lydia with a Y, so it's L-Y-D-I-A.
- Teacher 1: OK, so what's up with Lydia?
- Teacher 2: She's not a bad student, really, but she's very bookish. (3) You know, her
spelling and grammar are excellent, but she really doesn't understand much when I
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speak French, and her listening is poor. She just needs to open up more and start
communicating
- Teacher 1: So, she needs to be putting her spelling and grammar to good use?
- Teacher 2: You could say that. OK. (4) Now on to class, er… 5e. Jemima Wragg is
doing well in her written work, and her vocabulary is probably the best in class.
- Teacher 1: Yes. I've taught 5e. Jemima seemed OK.
- Teacher 2: It's when she opens her mouth that things go wrong. (5) Her
pronunciation is just awful. Maybe we could ask her parents to make sure that she
does more listening and maybe get a private tutor. I really think that would help her
pronunciation.
- Teacher 1: OK, who's the last one? I think I can guess.
- Teacher 2: (6) John Sunn in 6b, no 6a. I wrote that wrong.
- Teacher 1: Yes, he switched from 6b to 6a.
- Teacher 2: Well, he is a real challenge. Don't get me wrong. He has 100% attendance
and (7) he really tries hard, so his effort is exemplary, but what (8) lets him down is
his basic grammar. He really hasn't grasped it.
- Teacher 1: So, he gives it his all, but he's not going to get any further with his
grammar the way it is.
- Teacher 2: That's about the long and the short of it. Every piece of written work is on
time, but it's virtually incomprehensible because of his lack of basic grammar.
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2.4 Summary/Note/Flow-chart Completion

Exercise 2.4.1:
1. cold 2. Stuffed up 3. Vitamin C 4. Liquids
5. back home 6. Chicken soup 7. cup
Audioscript:
- Tom: Hi, Ellen. What's the matter with you?
- Ellen: I think I've got a terrible (1) cold. My nose is (2) stuffed up and I've got a sore
throat.
- Tom: Oh, that's too bad. You should be at home in bed. It's really important to get a
good rest.
- Ellen: Yeah, you're right.
- Tom: And have you taken anything for it?
- Ellen: No, I haven't.
- Tom: Well, you should take some (3) vitamin C and it's also a good idea to drink lots
of (4) liquids.
- Ellen: That s a good suggestion. I've a bottle of vitamin C at home.
- Tom: Have you seen a doctor?
- Ellen: Not yet
- Tom: Well, you'd better see a doctor first, and then go (5) back home to rest.
- Ellen: Yeah, I'll do it right now.
- Tom: Ellen, it's also helpful to cook (6) chicken soup with some garlic in it, and drink
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a (7) cup every half an hour. It really works.
- Ellen: Oh, chicken stock for a cold? OK, I'll try it. Thanks.
- Tom: I hope you recover soon.
Exercise 2.4.2:
1. cheap 2.easy 3. Automatic 4. Lens
5. 45 pounds 6. colour 7. yellow
Audioscript:
- Shop assistant: Good morning. Can I help you?
- Customer: Yes, I want to buy a camera. What kind do you recommend?
- Shop assistant: Well, it all depends. We have many kinds of cameras here. How
much money do you want to spend?
- Customer: I want something (1) cheap and (2) easy to handle
- Shop assistant: Are you an experienced photographer?
- Customer: No, I’ve had no experience at all.
- Shop assistant: Here’s a camera that would suit you very well. It’s got a very good
(4) lens and it’s all (3) automatic, so it’s very easy to use. Just press one button, and
it’s done.
- Customer: How much does it cost?
- Shop assistant: It’s only (5) 45 pounds.
- Customer: Can I try?
- Shop assistant: Of course. Here you are.
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- Customer: Well, I think the price is reasonable and I like that it is automatic, but I
don’t like the (6) colour. Do you have any other colour?
- Shop assistant: Yes. How about this (7) yellow one?
- Customer: It looks better. It is the same price?
- Shop assistant: Yes.
- Customer: All right. I will take this yellow one. Here is 50 punds.
- Shop assistant: Here is your change.
Exercise 2.4.3:
1. Mr. Collins 2. three days ago 3. single

4. 405 5. fourth 6. Monday
7. Friday 8. 7:10
Audioscript:
- Receptionist: Good evening, sir.
- Mr. Collins: Good evening. My name is Arthur Collins. I believe you have a room
reserved for me.
- Receptionist: Just a moment, (1) Mr. Collins. Let me see... Collins... yes, Mr. Collins.
You booked a (3) single room (2) three days ago. Is that right?
- Mr. Collins: Yes, that's right.
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- Receptionist: Mr. Collins, your room number is (4) 405 on the (5) fourth floor.
Would you fill in this form, please?
- Mr. Collins: Certainly.
- Receptionist: How long do you intend to stay in the hotel, Mr. Collins?
- Mr. Collins: Let me see... today is (6) Monday and... probably I'm going to leave on
(7) Friday morning.
- Receptionist: On Friday morning, I see
- Mr. Collins: Oh, excuse me. Where shall I put my passport number
- Receptionist: Just at the bottom. That's right. Thank you.
- Mr. Collins: Oh, would you please wake me up at (8) 7:10 in the morning, please?
- Receptionist: Ten past seven, certainly. Porter, please take Mr. Collins's suitcase to
his room. Mr. Collins, please follow him.
- Mr. Collins: Thank you
- Receptionist: You are welcome.
Exercise 2.4.4:
1. host 2. remains 3. 4,000
4. original 5. stars and planets 6. some
7. sun and moon 8. calendar
Audioscript:
- David: Hi, Sue. How was your weekend?
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- Sue: Oh, really good. I went to Stonehenge with my (1) host family.
- David: Stonehenge?
- Sue: Yes, that's right. Have you ever been there?
- David: Yes. I went there last month. I really enjoyed it.
- Sue: Me too. Stonehenge is the best known and probably the most remarkable of
prehistoric (2) remains in the UK.
- David: Yes. It has stood on Salisbury Plain for about (3) 4,000 years. You know, there
have been many different theories about its (4) original use.
- Sue: Yes, I know. My host father told me that one of the theories is that it was a
place from where (5) stars and planets could be observed.
- David: Yes, but no one is really certain why it was built. One of the things people
have discovered is the positions of (6) some of the stones relate to the movements
of the (7) sun and moon, so that the stones could be used as a (8) calendar.
- Sue: That's interesting.
- David: Did you go to Oxford too? It's not far from Stonehenge.
- Sue: No, we didn't, because of the time. My host family had to be back before 3 in
the afternoon.
- David: What a pity. You should go sometime. It's very interesting too.
- Sue: Yes. I hope I can sometime.
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Exercise 2.4.5:
1. general
4. (kind of) system
2. specific
5. Relevance
3. make notes
Audioscript:
- Tutor: Hi, James. How's your alternative energy research project going?
- James: To be honest, I'm a bit confused about how to do the research for all the
different energy types.
- Tutor: Well, the first thing to do is to make sure you focus your question, otherwise,
you'll have too much to read, and you won't be able to select the key arguments.
- James: So how do I do that?
- Tutor: Start with the general topic of alternative energy and then keep asking
questions until you've narrowed the topic down to one particular area. Then, when
you have your question, make a list of the reading you will need. (1) This list should
be general to give you some background, but remember you'll need to focus on the
issues related to the question, so (2) the reading List should also be specific to the
actual energy source you've chosen, whether it's wind, or solar, or wave power.
- James: And then start reading?
- Tutor: Absolutely. (3) You need to start straight away, but don't forget to make
notes as you read, otherwise, you won't be able to keep track of ideas for future
reference purposes.
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- James: Yes, that makes sense. I think that's my main problem — I don't recall where
I've read different ideas, so, I can't find them again later. And my friends have
warned me that not recording ideas in a system can really hinder progress.
- Tutor: Your friends are right - it's a common problem amongst students. You need a
system. Anyway, once you've done the reading and made all your notes, you need to
organise them so that you can analyse and think about what you've read.
- James: But I prefer to just start writing and then go back and look at my notes later.
- Tutor: Hmm ... I wouldn't recommend it. (4) I think you need to give yourself more
time to digest the material, and arrange it into some kind of system ready for
analysis in terms of (5) relevance to your research question.
- James: Well, that's a great help. Thank you, Professor Jenkins.
- Tutor: You're welcome. Come and see me again if you have any more problems.
Exercise 2.4.6:
1. L 2. C 3. H 4. A 5. F
Audioscript:
- Hannah: Hi, everyone! Sorry I'm late.
- Louise: Don't worry, Hannah, we've only just started, (1) We thought we should go
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over the theories we've studied so far, so we're ready for the seminar discussion on
Thursday afternoon.
- Hannah: Of course, you're right. I don't think I can remember all the theories related
to consumers' energy consumption.
- Mike: No, Hannah. That's the reading for Friday's lecture. (2) Thursday's seminar
discussion is about the current thinking on alternative energy.
- Hannah: Oh, yes. Sorry. I'm a bit disorganised at the moment.
- Louise: Never mind. So, Mike, what do you think about the academics' point of view
on nuclear energy?
- Mike: (3) Well, I think I have to agree with them on price being a factor for choosing
nuclear in the long term.
- Louise: Me, too. It's definitely the most cost-effective measure. Don't you agree,
Hannah?
- Hannah: To start with I didn't, but the text Professor Edwards gave us persuaded me.
The only thing that concerns me is that there have been some disasters in various
parts of the world.
- Louise: (4) Yes, some texts warn of the dangers of nuclear power using previous
disasters as examples.
- Mike: I know what you mean, but I suppose the risk is minimal these days. What do
you think about wind and solar energy in terms of the price in relation to the
advantages? For me, they're just not worth it — both are expensive, and it's difficult
to predict the amount of energy each one will produce.
- Hannah: You know, Mike, I'm afraid I don't share your opinion. This text here talks
about the likelihood of improved technology increasing the amount of energy and
reducing the costs in the future.
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- Louise: (5) Yes, but that's not enough proof to be sure of the relationship between
the costs and the benefits.
- Mike: Exactly, the evidence seems incomplete to me.
- Hannah: Well, that's something we can follow up on with the rest of the group in the
seminar on Thursday.
Exercise 2.4.7:
1. a test 2. personal belongings

3. fire marshals 4. missing people
Audioscript:
Welcome to this fire evacuation talk everyone. I'm Melanie Brookes, the fire safety manager
here at Techbase, and my office is on the fourth floor if you ever need to find me.
Today, I want to run through the fire evacuation procedure now that we're in a new
building. First of all, can I just remind you that if you hear the fire alarm, you should always
head towards the main stairs in order to leave the building. (1) Please assume that the
alarm is real, except if it sounds at 11.00 a.m. on a Tuesday. At this time, it's always a test
- we hope. (2) It's vital that you do not spend time collecting your bags or personal
belongings because this wastes valuable evacuation time. When you have left the building,
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(3) please took for the fire marshals, who will be wearing fluorescent orange jackets.
They'll show you where the waiting area is, but just so you know, it's the park at the rear of
the office block. Your department has a fire safety officer I believe it's Susan Jenkins - and
it's her job to make sure that everyone who signed in has vacated the building. (4) Susan
will then tell the fire safety manager if there are any missing people. Can I also remind you
that you mustn't enter the building again until the fire safety manager, in other words, me,
tells you that the situation is no longer dangerous.
Exercise 2.4.8:
1. youth club 2. WELCOME PACK, 3. Coordinator/ Co-ordinator
4. RECORD BOOK, 5. BADGE
Audioscript:
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award is a programme of activities designed to help young people
from all backgrounds develop personally. There are three levels: Bronze, Silver and Gold,
and for each level, participants have to complete a series of activities in four categories:
volunteering, physical, skills, and expedition.
This talk will explain what you have to do in order to get a Bronze award. The first thing you
need to do is find a Duke of Edinburgh centre near you. (1) This could be your school,
college, or youth club. Then you'll need to pay a small fee to enrol in the programme. (2)
Once you've enrolled, you'll get a welcome pack which explains the four categories in
more detail. Then you can start planning what to do. You can do many different types of
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activity for each category, (3) but you must get them approved by your Duke of Edinburgh
Coordinator before you start, so you don't waste time doing something which is not
approved. The other important person is your assessor. (4) This is the person who will
certify that you've completed each activity by signing your record book. After you've
completed all the activities in the time given, your assessor will send your record book
results to the operating authority, who will check it. (5) If everything is satisfactory, you'll
get your certificate and badge to confirm you've completed the award. And after that, you
can start working on the Silver award!
Exercise 2.4.9:
1. modern
2. two miles
3. international
4. Lady in
5. abstract art
Audioscript:
Simon: Ok, well, good afternoon everybody. I'm Simon Springer from City Tours. I see that
we've generated quite a lot of interest. If everyone could just find a seat, I'll get started.
Now, some of you might have read our brochure, in which case you won't need me. (laughs)
Well, no, joking aside. What I'd like to do first is to tell you a bit about us: we are an SU-
approved student tour operator which mainly covers the local area during the week and
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further afield at the weekend. Our service is reliable and our prices are competitive. Er... we
provide a wide range of tours both in the UK and on the continent but I won't be talking
about the European tours today. Instead we'll be looking at excursions closer to home.
One of the most popular with the Art and Design Department is the Cranfield Art Gallery.
The building itself is a stunning piece of (1) modern 21 st century architecture designed by
the great architect George Lloyd and it's set in five acres of parkland (2) two miles outside
the city centre. Its huge windows allow in more natural light than you would normally find
in a gallery; at the same time the structure itself cleverly shields the works of art from the
damaging effects of direct sunlight. So, what can you see when you're inside?
On display, there are a number of paintings from well-known artists, both local and (3)
international. If you are an art lover, you will almost certainly recognise some of the names.
It boasts the celebrated (4) 'Lady in the Rain' painted by the acclaimed 19th century
Scottish artist George Mac Addams. Just a minute ... there seems to be a type error in the
brochure. It should read M-A-C separate word ADDAMS, A-D-D-A-M-S. Sorry about that
folks. I'm sure that's the only one. There are not only portraits but seascapes in miniature
and land-scapes of the local countryside, and a whole gallery devoted to modernism and
(5) abstract art. Er, yes?
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Exercise 2.4.10:
1. (the) coast
2. farming and fishing
3. religious worship
4. 16th century
5. wealth
6. taxes
7. engineers
Audioscript:
Lecturer: Good afternoon, everyone. In the last few weeks, we have been looking in depth
at the ancient civilisations of South and Central America and the growing sophistication of
their culture. Just to briefly recap on the last lecture, we studied two of the most influential
ancient civilisations, the Olmecs found in western Mexico and the Chavin, which were
situated along the (1) coast of northern Peru, both of which existed from around 1,200 to
300BC. There is some evidence that points to their existence long before this date.
However, this was at the very infancy of their development and, therefore, there is very
little to go on. It is safe to say, though, that during this earlier period both civilisations
ceased their nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles, settled in permanent villages and began (2)
fishing and farming the land. This long-term stability laid the foundations for the rapid and
sustained growth of their civilisation. More crucially, we should also take into account that
there is evidence of a system of writing and (3) religious worship, both of which indicate a
highly developed culture.
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It is with this in mind that we turn to one of the more well-documented ancient civilisations
of South America, the Aztecs. In this introduction I will initially provide you with a thumbnail
sketch of their most outstanding achievements before going into further detail later in this
lecture. Their demise was much more recent than the Olmecs and the Chavin, as they
settled in the valley of Mexico around the 12th century and continued to extend their
empire (4) until the early 16th century.
Known to be ruthless and ambitious, the Aztecs came to dominate the surrounding tribes,
employing a relentless military campaign carried out over many generations. At their zenith,
the Aztecs ruled over I 0 million people and became extremely (5) wealthy and powerful.
One source of this wealth derived from trading crops such as corn, beans and tomatoes
throughout the empire. Their pioneering methods of agricultural irrigation were innovative
and highly effective. We shall be analysing them and their implications as a matter of
course. Another way of generating revenue was from the (6) taxation of the conquered
tribes who lived locally and feared and revered them.
Like the Olmecs and the Chavin, they too had gods, the main one being the sun god,
Tonatiuh, to whom many human sacrifices were made - often prisoners taken from
neighbouring tribes and with a considerable amount of ritual. This is a fascinating but
complex area so we will not have time to look at it here today but it will be covered in depth
in Friday's session.
Finally, it is imperative that you keep an open mind and remember that these people did not
live in a modern law-abiding society such as our own but one which was fraught with peril
and steeped in tradi-tion. Should we only consider the bloodshed and minimise the
significance of cultural development, there is the danger of perceiving these people merely
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as cruel savages. This would be an unfair assumption to say the least. You must not forget
that these people were not only literate and numerate but they were also highly skilled (7)
musicians, sculptors, poets and engineers, and it is at this area that we will be looking
today.
Exercise 2.4.11:
1. extremely thin
2. rivers and seas
3. more than 30 years
4. dust storms, extreme climate
Audioscritp:
Welcome to Global Space Centre. Thank you for coming. I hope you enjoyed the tour we laid
on for you this morning - and the lunch, of course. Let me just introduce myself before we
go any further. I'm Linda Paige and I am lucky enough to lead the research team here at the
centre. Today, I will be giving the first of three talks on some of the most recent
developments in space technology. I'm sure every-body's taken a look at their programmes
and is familiar with the itinerary; but I'd like to remind you that each talk is an hour long
with a fifteen-minute break and refreshments are available. You will have noticed, if you've
looked at your pamphlets, that all three talks follow a general theme. The question we're
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asking our-selves today is - are we alone? Is there life on other planets, and, if so, what are
the implications for us - the human race? In my talk, we'll be looking nearer to home - at the
planet Mars. Anyone who is familiar with the red planet will instantly know that Mars is
the fourth from the sun and is a dusty, barren, inhospitable world (1) with an extremely
thin atmosphere and that it is incapable of supporting life - at least life as we know it. But
there is evidence to the contrary when you start to examine the topography. During our
research, we have come across water erosion features which suggest that there (2) were
once rivers and shallow seas - a legacy of a planet which may have supported life at some
point in time. It is now that we come to the crux of the matter. As humans and, perhaps
more importantly, neighbours of this planet, surely it is our responsibility to find out what
has happened to it. If there was life and it was obliterated, could the selfsame thing happen
to us? Are we next? With this in mind, we have been (3) sending expeditions to Mars for
more than 30 years. Data is gathered both from space and the planet itself by a piece of
equipment called a rover. True to its name, the rover is programmed to move over the
surface, taking samples and feeding back information to base. Until now these rovers have
only been able to do this with varying degrees of success as the (4) Martian dust storms
and extreme climate takes a toll on the vehicles; and, up to now, the amount of equipment
that rovers have been able to carry has been limited.
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Exercise 2.4.12:
1. (the) Russians
2. failed to operate
3. 1976
4. 1,281 days
5. Mars Pathfinder
6. the Opportunity
Audioscript:
Before turning to the future, it is only right that we should examine the history of the Mars
expeditions: of which there have been four to date - with varying degrees of success. (1) The
first two rovers were sent by the Russians in the days of the international space race.
These were called Mars Two and Three and were set to land in 1971. Unfortunately for the
Russians, Mars Two crashed on impact and (2) Mars Three failed to operate more or less
as soon as it landed. Despite the rocky beginning by the Soviets, this setback did not deter
the Americans from going ahead with a series of missions to Mars, beginning with the Viking
programme in which two space probes were launched in 1975. (3) Both Viking Landers One
and Two landed successfully in 1976. The landers' dimensions were a mere 1.09 by 0.56
metres and therefore could only carry a small amount of equipment with which to carry out
biological testing - dimensionally speaking, not particularly impressive you may think, but
remember (4) Viking Two continued to operate on the surface for 1,281 days and served to
provide the foundations for the knowledge compiled on the NASA Mars database right up to
the beginning of the 21st century. As you can imagine, this was a great achievement for the
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time and provided the springboard for future missions. This success was followed by the
1997 launch of the (5) Mars Pathfinder, which trans-ported the Sojourner rover to the red
planet. Compared with the previous mission this was only moderately successful, operating
for just under two months before malfunctioning. This was also a small lightweight robotic
rover at 10.6 kilograms, but by this time the equipment had advanced significantly with an
onboard computer used for onsite data analysis. Last but not least, (6) the Opportunity
which was launched in 2004 and was still operational in October 2011, surpassing the
longevity of all other rovers up to date.
Exercise 2.4.13:
1. hot or cold 2. habitable zone 3. Greenhouse gases

Audioscript:
Hello, I'm Bob Wilson and I am here to talk to you about the possibility of there being other
inhabitable worlds. It may seem strange but ever since I was child, I have looked up at the
skies and won-dered whether there are other people on other planets doing exactly the
same thing as me. Perhaps we are a mere pinpoint of light in the skies amongst millions of
others. The question is where do we start looking? The time-honoured expression a needle
in a haystack comes to mind but there are certain criteria which may help us to narrow
down the odds. I will start by examining the location of possible life-bearing planets. One
thing the universe is not short of is planets — fascinating in their wide diversity and because
of their sheer number. Surely, there must be more planets out there like our own. Naturally,
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there are limitations — the first one being the (1) type of star which they orbit. Some of
which are far too hot or cold to support life. So the correct temperature is a crucial factor.
This, of course, rules out the majority of stars in the cosmos.
Let's take, for example, a fairly typical solar system with a smallish yellow sun which
resembles our own. Orbiting it there are seven planets some of which are rocky and others
gaseous. Two of these (2) are located in the habitable zone; the others are either searingly
close to the sun or occupy the frozen edges of the system. Either way, it is highly unlikely
that any of these would be able to support intelligent life. So what about the others in the
habitable zone? The likelihood of them being inhabited is still slim. Both Venus and Mars
occupy this area and yet neither of them have conditions conducive for life.
So what makes us special? What separates our planet from the others? According to
modern theorists, the key ingredients for life are (3) water and greenhouse gases. These
gases trap enough heat to warm the planet sufficiently to keep the seas liquid and our
planet at a comfortable temperature. I'm sure a lot of our environmentalist friends would
throw up their hands in horror but there is a simple logic behind this theory. Carbon dioxide
is the primary greenhouse gas in our atmosphere, and this was so even before the Industrial
Revolution.
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Short- Answer
Exercise 3.1:
1. 30' / 30 minutes / half an hour

2. (by) boat
3. every 15 minutes
Can I have your attention please? I want everyone to gather round and take out their maps.
Right. open them up and find where we are now. Everybody should have found the gift shop
near the River Street entrance. This is not to be confused with the one on Fairfax Road.
Remember that, the main coach park is just outside the gates on this side so you will have to
make your way back to this point at the end of the day. Our coach will be waiting there at
(1) 5 o'clock and will depart at (1) 5.30 sharp so make sure you get back in good time or you
might get left behind.
Moorfield Safari Park was opened by the Moorfield Trust in 1995 and covers hundreds of
acres of land and houses a wide variety of species. As you can see from your maps, only the
main routes are indicated but there are a number of clearly marked trails which run through
some areas of the park — obviously not where the lions are (laughs). First of all, I'd like to
draw your attention to some ways of getting round the park. The easiest and probably the
most pleasurable way is by using the (2) boats on the Jungle Cruise. As you travel you can
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watch the seals swimming alongside your boat or the hippos basking in the shallows. There
are stop-off points at four locations. which are marked clearly. Your ticket also covers an all-
day safari which is a minibus service that runs (3) every 15 minutes and will take you to
stops on all the main routes.
Exercise 3.2:
1. dance, kickboxing 2. too hard 3. (a) conference
Audioscript:
- Debbie: Hi, Penny. How are you doing? Have you just been to the gym?
- Penny: Hi, Debbie. I'm good, thanks. Yes, I've just finished a workout. How are you?
- Debbie: Yes, good. I'm planning on going to the gym later, but it's hard finding the
time now I've got a child!
- Penny: I bet it is! Have you tried any of their new exercise classes?
- Debbie: Yes, I tried some last week. I wanted to go to yoga, but it was full up. (1) I
went to the dance class instead. It was really fun. Oh! And kickboxing last Thursday,
too. That was exhausting.
- Penny: Well, you didn't miss much at yoga. (2) I went there East Friday and it was
far too hard. I couldn't do most of the exercises!
- Debbie: Oh, no! Are you going to try anything else?
- Penny: Well, I was thinking of trying the aerobics class.
- Debbie: My friend did that one, and said the instructor was awful.
- Penny: Well, I'll probably give it a miss then. (3) I've got to go to a conference next
week anyway, so I'll be away from Tuesday to Friday.
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- Debbie: Oh, lucky you!
Exercise 3.3:
1. seafood 2. tennis
3. train/trains 4. this afternoon
Audioscript:
- officer: All right, now what about you? Are you a vegetarian or do you have any
special food requirements?
- student: No, I am not a vegetarian . . . but I don’t eat a lot of meat... (1) I really like
seafood
- officer: And what are your hobbies?
- student: I like reading and going to the movies.
- officer: Do you play any sports?
- student: Yes, I joined the handball team, but I didn’t like that... so I stopped playing.
(2) Now I play tennis on the weekend with my friends . . .
- officer: All right, let’s see, name, age, now the location. Are you familiar with the
public transport system?
- student: No .. . I’m not really because I have been living on campus . .. I’ve been to
the city a few times on the bus, but they are always late.
- officer: What about the trains?
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- student: (3) I like catching the train . .. they are much faster.. .
- officer: Now, let me go check on the computer and see who I’ve got. . . Listen, leave
it with me . . . (4) I’ll check my records and I’ll give you details this afternoon .
- student: Thank you for helping me . . .
- officer: It’s a pleasure. Bye.
- student: Bye.
Exercise 3.4:
1. ground floor 2. meet friends
3. first floor 4. four 5. play football
Audioscript
- Tom: Hey, Sandra, how’s it going? What do you think of the campus?
- Sandra: I think it’s all fantastic. Have you been to the coffee shop in the library, yet?
- Tom: No, I haven’t. where is it?
- Sandra: (1) it’s on the ground floor. You know, you can have a break without actually
leaving the library. (2) It’s really great to meet your friends there.
- Tom: yeah. That’s an excellent idea. And it means you’ve got somewhere to chat
without upsetting people who want to study. I can’t concentrate when other people
are talking. (3) I usually go upstairs to work in the silent zone, on the first floor.
- Sandra: Oh, do you? It is difficult to study at home, then? Where do you live?
- Tom: I’m living in a hall of residence on campus.
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- Sandra: Oh right. It must be tough trying to study in your room

- Tom: Yeah, it’s pretty noisy, especiallly at the weekends. Are you living on campus,
too?
- Sandra: (4) Yes. I’m on campus, but there are only four people in our house. So it
tends to be a bit quieter. It’s at the end of the footpath, not far from the Sports
Centre.
- Tom: Oh right, I know where you mean. (5) I play football on the pitch next to the
Sports Centre. I spend quite a lot of time around there.
- Sandra: Well, next time you’re in the part, let me know. You can come round for
coffee.
Exercise 3.5:
1. cars and computers 2. beauty treatments 3. men
Audioscript
So, what did we think about how men and women spend their money? OK, well, we thought
that young women would spend a lot on clothes and shoes, and that young men would buy
more electronic equipment and cars. Well, when we look at the figures we can see that we
were right about the men. (1) Young men spend twice as much as women on cars and
computers. But… and this is interesting..we were wrong about the women. (2) I was
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surprised to find that young women spend much more on beauty treatments than they do
on clothes and shoes. So we’ll have to think about that again. And there’s another
interesting fact about young women. It looks as though young women are much more
concerned about their diet than men. (3) We found that although young women don’t
spend as much as men on eating out, they do spend a lot more on organic foods than
young men.
Exercise 3.6:
1.water festivals 2. 6/six 3. life, wealth, luck
4. new year 5. ancient traditions
Audioscript
Mmm…yes, that makes sense. Er…did you look into any other festival?
Yes, we did! (1) What we’re planning to do is more research into water festivals. We found
that in Asian countries, where there aren’t any carnival celebrations, there are still festivals
that involve people splashing each other with water. (2) Actually, we’ve found references
to them in Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, China and Japan. But we also found a reference to a
water festival in Mexico. So we thought we’d look into that a bit more and see if we can
find any similarities between these countries.
Umm…I mean, we realized that water is more than just a way of cooling people down in hot
weather. It also has a lot of religious meanings and purposes. For instance, we found that,
(3) in some societies, water can mean life, or weath, or just luck. (4) Yes..and another
thing we found out is that these water festivals often celebrate the beginning of the new
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year, just like the original celebrations hundreds of years ago before the carnival. So…(5)
umm up to now, we’ve found that the carnival and the seasons are linked by ancient
traditions and that water plays an important part in the celebrations.
Exercise 3.7:
1. theft 2. robbery and burglary
3. passport and money 4. (new) smartphones
Audioscript:
Good morning. Thank you for inviting me to talk to you today. I like speaking to students,
especially when there’s a chance of making their lives a bit safer. Just to start, does anyone
know what the most common crime is? No? Well, (1) theft is the most common crime in
the UK. There are various kinds of theft. For instance, (2) robbery, when a thief takes
something away from someone personally. Like, when you’re walking in the street and
someone grabs your handbag or your mobile and runs away. That’s robbery. (3) Another
form of theft is burglary, when a thief breaks into your house and steals your property.
OK. Now I’d like to go on to talk about safety on holiday. You probably know that when
you’re on holiday abroad, you’re in much more danger of being robbed. This is because you
probably don’t know the country very well. For example you might not realized that you’re
in a dangerous area. (4) One of the things you can do to protect yourself is to keep your
passport and money in the safe in the hotel. You can always go back and get them if you
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need them. Another thing you can do is take an old mobile with you on holiday. (5) These
new smartphones are very popular with thieves all over the world. It’s safer just to take an
old one.
Exercise 3.8:
1.expensive jewellery 2. lonely places 3. cash machines
I can see some of you are thinking that it all sounds rather dangerous. But I know lots of
people who’ve been there and had a really great time. (1) They followed advice from the
authorities, like making sure they didn’t wear expensive jewellery in the street. And I’d
certainly advise anyone travelling to Latin American to do the same. (2) Another thing you
should be careful of, is not to go to lonely places at night. But, of course, that’s the same
anywhere. But I must say, you do have to be very careful in some parts of Latin America
when you take your money out of a cash machine. (3) Sometimes, you find that thieves
stand very close to peple at cash machines and take their money as it comes out.
Exercise 3.9:
1. 4:00 a.m / 4:00 in the morning 2. Jimmy’s (30th) birthday
3. coffee 4. Playing music
5. Green Park 6. The Red Lion
7. 4:30 p.m
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Audioscript:
- Christian: Ouch. My head still hurts from last night.
- Brenda: Well, Christian, that'll teach you to stay out drinking until (1) 4:00 in the
morning.
- Christian: Yeah, but Brenda, it was a great night. (2) It was Jimmy's thirtieth birthday.
I had to be there.
- Brenda: Fair enough. Still, you were at work on time. That's pretty impressive.
- Christian: Thank goodness for bacon sandwiches, and thank goodness for coffee. (3)
I must have had 12 cups of coffee today.
- Brenda: Well, as long as you're on good form tonight.
- Christian: Tonight? What's on tonight?
- Brenda: Don't tell me you've forgotten the staff Christmas party! (4) You're the DJ.
There'll be no music without you.
- Christian: Don't worry, Brenda. I've got all my CDs here with me. I wouldn't let you
down. How are we going to get there?
- Brenda: If you like, I can give you a lift there. I'll need your help with the navigation,
anyway.
- Christian: It's at the Holeton Hotel, isn't it? It's actually quite easy to get to. You go
over Brighton Bridge, over that big roundabout, and then turn left at the petrol
station with the big blue sign.
- Brenda: Is that the one opposite the Design Museum?
- Christian: That's it. (5) Then just go straight on for 3 miles and you'll get to Green
Park. The hotel's just next to it. Easy.
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- Brenda: OK, so if it starts at 7:30, what time should we leave the office?
- Christian: Well, it's Christmas. Let's finish at 4:30 and have a couple of pints at the
pub. (6) The Red Lion is the perfect place for a nice beer.
- Brenda: You just don't stop, do you? Still, that's a nice idea. I like the Red Lion. I can't
drink, of course, but I think it's a good idea. As the boss, I suppose I should buy a few
rounds for Christmas. (to everyone in office) OK, listen up, everyone. (7) We're
finishing today at 4:30, and before we head off to the Holeton, we are all going to
the pub over the road. That's an order. I'm buying, so you should definitely be
there.
Exercise 3.10:
1. 8:00 p.m 2. Campsite/ Tents
3. Start work 4. 1:00 p.m
Audioscript:
Hi there, everyone. I hope Ron covered everything at the meeting before lunch. Any
questions? ... Just in case you're not sure, I'll give you the details about the trip today and
about what you'll be doing tomorrow. (1) Depending on traffic, this journey should take
about 7 hours, so we reckon we'll be in Newcastle at 8 o'clock this evening. There'll be
dinner as soon as we get there. The camp manager normally makes us an excellent
spaghetti bolognese, and there's always plenty of red wine, so you should sleep pretty well.
(2) There are two people to a tent, and please make sure you get the right one! Erm, the
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camp manager's got a list of which tent you will be in, so don't worry. They're clearly
marked. Tomorrow, we have to be up and out at 7:30 for breakfast. (3) We start work at
9:00 a.m. We will need at least a few hours to get things ready. (4) The festival opens at
1:00 in the afternoon, and you'll get a chance to go and see some of the bands playing.
Please let your supervisor know when you want your 2 hours off. Anyway, I hope we have a
good trip, and I'm sure the festival's going to be fantastic. If you have any questions, please
feel free to ask.
Exercise 3.11:
1. Sunday, 2:00 p.m 2. 49
3. Army 4. Referee
Audioscript:
- Kalep: (1) What time does the match start on Sunday?
- Mr. Snow: Well, most people turn up at about 1:45, but things kick off for real at
2:00. The referee likes to start the match on time.
- Kalep: Cool. Will I get a game? Row many other people are going to turn up?
- Mr. Snow: Oh, don't worry. We're lucky if we get a full team out, especially during
the winter. I think 12 people should come along on Sunday, (2) and that's out of a
total membership of 49! Don't feel guilty about taking someone's place. We're glad
you're playing.
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- Kalep: That's a relief. (3) I didn't want to take someone's place away from them. It'll
be good to get some exercise.
- Mr. Snow: Oh yeah, you'll be doing a lot of running. We're playing (against) an Army
team. The soldiers normally give us a pretty good game!
- Kalep: Does it get a bit rough?
- Mr. Snow: Not really. (4) The referee, Brian, is semi-professional. He keeps things
under control.
- Kalep: Cool. See you on Sunday, then.
- Mr. Snow:Yeah, see ya.
Exercise 3.12:
1. America 2. Office manager 3. Chicago
4. Letter of invitation 5. 3 hours 6. Coffee
7. Saturday
Audioscript:
- Marek: Did you hear about Sam?
- Krista: Sam? (1) I thought he'd gone to America. He only went there last week. I
remember his leaving party.
- Marek: Oh, yeah. That was a good one. Anyway, he's back now.
- Krista: What? He only left the country a few days ago and now he's back. I thought
he said he had a job lined up there.
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- Marek: That's what he thought, too. His cousin's got a company there, so it looked
pretty good.
- Krista: Yeah. Wasn't he going to work in the office?
- Marek: That's what he thought. (2) He was going to be office manager. The
company's pretty big.
- Krista: So, how come he's back here? I thought he had all the documents and every-
thing. It took him ages to get them.
- Marek: Well, he did at least arrive in America. (3) He flew to Chicago and thought
every-thing would be absolutely fine. He was going through customs, and he'd had
his fingerprint scanned, and then the immigration officials called him over for a
special interview.
- Krista: Oh no, so he didn't have the documents?
- Marek: Well, that's the weird thing. He did. (4) He showed them his visa and his
letter of invitation, but it didn't make any difference. There was a problem with his
fingerprint.
- Krista: You must be joking! He had a visa and a letter of invitation, but his fingerprint
was wrong?
- Marek: (5) They questioned him for 3 hours, which must have been pretty
terrifying. Sam said they were really intense. I think he was terrified.
- Krista: So, what was the problem?
- Marek: That's the thing. They said he had the same fingerprint as a suspected
terrorist they're looking for. He kept on telling them he didn't look anything like him,
but they didn't want to know.
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-
-
-
Krista: So, Sam's a wanted criminal? That's a good one. Unbelievable. Did they hurt
him?
Marek: Oh, no, nothing like that. He said they were actually really polite about it.
Krista: So, they were really polite, but they threw him out of the country?
- Marek: (6) Yeah, but not after they bought him a cup of coffee! Amazing. The
immigration guys told him he had to return home on the next flight. They said they
had to follow rules and regulations, and they had to do it.
- Krista: That's amazing! So, they gave him a coffee and put him back on the plane?
- Marek: That's the long and short of it, yeah. Not much of a trip. His cousin's not too
pleased, not having his new office manager, and Sam just can't believe it.
- Krista: What's he going to do now? Didn't he quit his job before he went to America?
- Marek: Sadly, that's true. Sam's going to ask them for his old job back, but he's not
sure if they have found someone else already. Still, there is some good news.
- Krista: What's that?
- Marek: (7) Well, we're having a "Welcome Back" party. Saturday at the pub!
Exercise 3.13:
1. December 2. Plane delayed 3. Driving on island
4. a fortnight 5. January the eighth (08/01) 6. Had (a) red nose
7. ate heavy food
Audioscript:
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- Jane: Hi, mum, how are things?

- Mother: Oh, hello, Jane. Are you all right?
- Jane: Yeah, great! I just thought I’d phone to let you know we’re OK. It’s all really
wonderful. The weather’s fantastic. I’m sitting here in short sleeves and I’m still hot.
(1) I can’t believe it’s December. Did you get my card?
- Mother: No. The postman hasn’t been here for a couple of days. But you know what
the post’s like at this time of the year. They’ve probably got a backlog to catch up on.
How was your flight in the end, by the way?
- Jane: Ugh. Awful! It was a typical charter. (2) We were delayed and had to sit
around for hours, so we didn’t take off till after midnight, and it was five in the
morning before we got to the hotel.
- Mother: Oh dear. What a pity!
- Jane: But we’re making up for it now. On Monday, we had a great day on the beach,
just lying in the sun and swimming – the water’s lovely, you know, not at all cold. (3)
That was to recover from Sunday when we hired a car from one of those rent-a-car
agencies and drove all round the island, up into the mountains. It was really
spectacular. I mean, the scenery is wonderful.
- Mother: Oh, that’s good. I can see you’re going to have a good fortnight.
- Jane: (4) Yeah, it’s all going by too fast. A fortnight is too short. I wish now we’d
booked three weeks instead. Still, can’t be helped. Listen, do you think you could
come and meet us when we get back? The plane gets in at about six fifteen on the
eighth. Let’s see, I have the ticket here. (5) Yes, it says “Arrive six fifteen on January
the eighth”.
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-
-
Mother: Yes, of course, dear. Don’t worry, we’ll be there. Now, just make sure you
put lots of cream on if you’re lying in the sun in all that heat.
Jane: (6) Well, actually I fell asleep on the beach the other day and had a really red
nose – all peeling and burnt.
- Mother: Well, be careful. And what’s John up to?
- Jane: Oh, he’s having a lie-down. He isn’t feeling very well today. (7) I think it’s
something he ate. We had a big meal out last night, so perhaps the food was too
heavy. You know, they eat really late here. We still have another hour before dinner.
- Mother: Good heavens. We had our supper hours ago…
Exercise 3.14:
1. Mr. Brown 2. Improve his position 3. No job
4. a retail store 5. Old-fashioned
6. London Commercial College 7. Still holds good 8. Borrow a book
Audioscript:
- Interviewer: (1) Good afternoon, Mr. Brown. Do sit down. Now, tell me what made
you apply for this job?
- Mr. Brown: (2) Well, I've been wanting to improve my position for some time, and
it seemed to me that the job you advertised would give me an opportunity to learn
more about marketing and sales techniques in general.
- Interviewer: Where are you working at present, Mr. Brown?
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- Mr. Brown: (3) Well, actually I haven't got a job at the moment, (4) I had a job as
chief clerk in the buying department of a retail store, Johnson and King. I expect
you've heard of them. But to tell the truth, I didn't quite hit it off with the sales
manager.
- Interviewer: Oh, why was that, Mr. Brown?
- Mr. Brown: Well, (5) he was rather old-fashioned in his methods, and the sales policy
of the firm seemed to me too slow. I'm a great believer in the personal approach to
selling. (6) I took a course in business management at the London Commercial
College, and I'm afraid I found Johnson and King's methods very out of date. They
first opened in 1880, you know, and I don't think they've changed their ideas since
then.
- Interviewer: Really? In that case, you may be interested to know that our firm first
started business in 1870, and (7) we believe that the old slogan "The customer is
always right" still holds good today, I'm afraid our chairman Samuel Jackson, great-
great-grandson of the original founder of the firm Josiah Jackson, does not approve
of high-powered modern selling technique. And with some justification as our export
figures show, we base all our sales technique on Peterson's theory of salesmanship
published in 1900. I presume you've read it.
- Mr. Brown: Well, actually no. (8) But I'll make a point of getting one from my local
library without delay.
- Interviewer: Do that, Mr. Brown, and then come and see me again.
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Matching information
Exercise 4.1:
1.E 2.H 3.F 4.C 5.G
All these visitors mean we have had to expand our operation and it’s now a truly family
concern. I’m near to retirement age so (14) I only concern myself with looking after the
mechanical side of things - keeping the trains going.
(15) Liz now devotes all her energies to recruiting and supporting the large squadron of
workers , which keep the place running smoothly. We’re really pleased that after some
years away teaching, (16) Sarah has now returned to the park and makes sure the visitors
are kept fed and watered, which keeps her pretty busy as you can imagine. Our son, (17)
Duncan, has been a stalwart of the park for the last ten years, taking over from me in the
area of construction - and I’ll say a little bit more about that in a moment - and his new
wife, (18) Judith, has also joined the team in charge of retail . That’s becoming a
tremendous growth area for us - a lot of people want to buy souvenirs.
Exercise 4.2:
1.F 2.C 3.D
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My name’s Khalidah. I’m a doctor in a busy hospital in London. My job is quite stressful
because I work in the Accident and Emergency unit. Our hospital is the only one in the area
with an A&E. So, all the urgent cases come to us. Mostly we see (1) people who have been
in car crashes or had an accident at home. When people arrive at the unit, I have to see
them first. (2) I examine them to find out what’s wrong and make sure we give them the
right treatment. When we’re sure (3) the patients aren’t in any serious danger, the nurses
put all the information in their personal records and find them a bed if they’re staying in
hospital, or arrange for them to go home if they don’t need to stay.
Exercise 4.3:
1. F 2.E 3. D
- Meena: Hi, Barbara. Why don’t you join our group? We’re going to give a
presentation about what we eat at each meal in our home countries.
- Barbara: Oh, great! I love finding out about other cultures. So where do we start?
Breakfast? In the UK we have cereal, toast, eggs and tea or coffee for breakfast. Have
you got that, Meena?
- Meena: Yes…but breakfast in India is completely different. We have a lot of different
kinds of breakfast across India, but mostly we eat some type of bread with lentils.
- Chen: oh, is that right? In China, we have a tea with nooddles or rice and vegetables
for breakfast. So what do you have for lunch, Barbara?
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- Barbara: well, you know (1) in the UK, we don’t usually have a big lunch. We usually
just have a sandwich. But it’s different in India isn’t it?
- Meena: Oh definitely. I don’t link sandwiches at all. (2) We have rice and vegetables
for lunch in India.
- Chen: Yeah, we have a cooked meal at lunch time, too. (3) We usually have noodle
soup, and a main course.
- Barbara: We have our main meal in the evening in the UK, as well. Quite often we
have chicken, meat or fish with potatoes and vegetables.
Exercise 4.4:
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B
When it comes to our tents, these are equipped to the highest standard. We really do think
of every essential detail, from an oven and cooking rings fuelled by bottled gas, to mirrors in
the bedroom areas. If you don’t want to cook indoors, (1) you can borrow a barbecue if you
ask in advance for one to be made available, and there’s even a picnic blanket to sit on
outside your tent. (2) Inside, a box of games and toys can be found, and children’s tents
can be hired if required. All tents have a fridge, and if you want to spend the day on the
beach, for example, (3) ask for a specially clean designed PS camping cool box, which will
keep your food and drinks chilled. There are excellent washing facilities at all our sites, with
washing machines and clothes lines (4) in the central areas, along with mops and buckets
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in case your tent needs cleaning during your stay. All sites have a café and/or a shop for
those who’d rather ‘eat in’ than dine at a local restaurant.
Exercise 4.5:
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B
Audioscript:
- Customer: So, what are the differences between these four hotels?
- Travel agent: Well, the main difference is in the facilities they offer. (1) The Hotel
Sunshine is the only one which has a gym, and it's also got one of the top health
spas in the area. It's next to a Lake, so you can do water sports there. But if you
really like sailing or waterskiing, (2) then the Highland Hotel would probably be the
best place because it offers great instruction programmes in these sports.
- Customer: Actually, I'm not a sporty person.
- Travel agent: OK. (3) Er, well, what about the Hotel Carnlinia? It's a brand-new hotel,
and it prides itself on its cinema and multimedia centre. And then (4) there's The
Royal. This one has a conference room, a meeting room, and free computer access,
but it's not really appropriate for children; there's not much in the way of
entertainment.
- Customer: Well, I'm going on holiday, not to work, and it's just my wife and me, so I
think well book with the Hotel Carminia, please.
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Exercise 4.6:
1.G 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.F
Now I’ll very quickly outline current plans for some of the town’s facilities, before asking for
your comments. As you’ll know if you regularly use the car park at the railway station, it’s
usually full. The railway company applied for permission to replace it with a multi-storey car
park, but that was refused. Instead, (1) the company has bought some adjoining land, and
this will be used to increase the number of parking spaces.
(2) The Grand, the old cinema in the high street, will close at the end of the year and
reopen on a different site. You’ve probably seen the building under construction. The plan
is to have three screens with fewer seats, rather than just the one large auditorium in the
old cinema.
I expect many of you shop in the indoor market . It’s become more and more shabby-
looking, and because of fears about safety, it was threatened with demolition. (3) The good
news is that it will close for six weeks to be made safe and redecorated , and the improved
building will open in July.
Lots of people use the library, including school and college students who go there to study.
(4) The council has managed to secure funding to keep the library open later into the
evening, twice a week. We would like to enlarge the building in the not-too-distant future,
but this is by no means definite.
There’s no limit on access to the nature reserve on the edge of town, and this will continue
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to be the case. What will change, though, is (5) that the council will no longer be in charge
of the area. Instead it will become the responsibility of a national body that administers
most nature reserves in the country .
OK, now let me ask you ...
Exercise 4.7:
1.E 2.D 3.G 4.B 5.C 6.A
Audioscript:
Good morning, and welcome to the museum - one with a remarkable range of exhibits,
which I’m sure you’ll enjoy. My name’s Greg, and I’ll tell you about the various collections as
we go round. But before we go, let me just give you a taste of what we have here.
Well, for one thing, we have a fine collection of twentieth and twenty-first century
paintings, many by very well-known artists. I’m sure you’ll recognise several of the paintings.
(11) This is the gallery that attracts the largest number of visitors, so it’s best to go in early
in the day before the crowds arrive.
(12) Then there are the nineteenth-century paintings . The museum was opened in the
middle of that century and several of the artists each donated one work to get the museum
started, as it were. So they’re of special interest to us - we feel closer to them than to other
works.
The sculpture gallery has a number of fine exhibits, but I'm afraid it's currently closed for
refurbishment . You’ll need to come back next year to see it properly. (13) But a number of
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the sculptures have been moved to other parts of the museum.

(14) ‘Around the world' is a temporary exhibition - you've probably seen something about
it on TV or in the newspapers. It's created a great deal of interest, because it presents
objects from every continent and many countries, and provides information about their
social context -why they were made, who for, and so on.
Then there’s the collection of coins . This is what you might call a focused, specialist
collection, because all the coins come from this country, and were produced between two
thousand and a thousand years ago. And (15) many of them were discovered by ordinary
people digging their gardens, and donated to the museum! (16) All our porcelain and glass
was left to the museum by its founder , when he died in 1878. And in the terms of his will,
we’re not allowed to add anything to that collection: he believed it was perfect in itself, and
we don’t see any reason to disagree!
Exercise 4.8:
Audioscript:
1.E 2.F 3.D 4.H 5.A 6.B
And now, moving on to the Central Park Playground, which we’re pleased to announce has
just won the Douglas Award for safety: the news came through only last week. The unique
design is based on the concept of the Global Village, with the playground being divided into
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six areas showing different parts of the world - each with a representative feature. For
example, there is a section on (1) Asia, and this is represented by rides and equipment in
the shape of snakes, orang-utans, tigers and so on - fauna native to the forests of the
region.
(2) Moving south to the Antarctic - we couldn’t run to an ice rink I’m afraid but opted
instead for climbing blocks in the shape of mountains - I thought they could have had slides
for the glaciers but the designers did want to avoid being too literal! Then (3) on to South
America - and here the theme is El Dorado - games replicating the search for mines full of
precious stones. And then moving up to North America, here there was considerable debate
. I know the contribution of cinema and jazz was considered but (4) the designers finally
opted for rockets and the International Space Station . Eastwards to (5) Europe then, and
perhaps the most traditional choice of all the areas: medieval castles and other fortifications
. Then last, but not least, moving south to (6) Africa and a whole set of wonderful mosaics
and trails to represent the great rivers of this fascinating and varied continent.
Now, the opening date for our Global Playground is 10th July. And again we'd love to see
you there - so make a date and come and see this magnificent, original new amenity right in
the heart of the city.
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Exercise 4.9:
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A
Audioscript:
I'm sure our listeners will want to find out what they can do to help. You mentioned the
'Adopt a Dolphin’ scheme. Can you tell us about that?
Of course! People can choose one of our dolphins to sponsor. They receive a picture of it
and news updates. I’d like to tell you about four which are currently being adopted by our
members: Moondancer, Echo, Kiwi and Samson. (1) Unfortunately, Echo is being rather
elusive this year and hasn't yet been sighted by our observers but we remain optimistic
that he’ll be out there soon. All the others have been out in force - Samson and Moondancer
are often photographed together but it is (2) Kiwi who's our real 'character' as she seems
to love coming up close for the cameras and we've captured her on film hundreds of
times.
They all have their own personalities - Moondancer is very elegant and curves out and into
the water very smoothly, whereas (3) Samson has a lot of energy - he’s always leaping out
of the water with great vigour.
You’d probably expect him to be the youngest - he's not quite - that’s Kiwi - but (4)
Samson’s the latest of our dolphins to be chosen for the scheme.
Kiwi makes a lot of noise so we can often pick her out straightaway. Echo and Moondancer
are noisy too, but (5) Moondancer's easy to find because she has a particularly large fin on
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her back, which makes her easy to identify.
So, yes, they're all very different...Well, they sound a fascinating group…
Exercise 4.10:
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. C
Audioscript:
Today we will be continuing with the theme of renewable energy and the innovations which
will make it a more viable and widespread phenomenon in the future. So far we've covered
the emergence of solar power and its increasing popularity. But, in this lecture, we should
be looking at wind-powered turbines and considering their impact on the future of green
energy. Wind power is seen as being one way of tackling our growing demand for energy.
So, what do we need to set up a wind farm? Obviously wind - something we're certainly not
short of in England - but also, at least for the time being, enormous areas of land often
located in natural beauty spots. I'm sure you will have seen the enormous wind turbines as
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you drive along the coastal roads, looming eyesores out at sea or on nearby hills for mile
after mile. These are, ironically, attacked by environmentalists even though they are seen to
be one of the most environmentally-friendly solutions currently available. So. what do we
know about wind turbines? Well, for a start they come in a variety of different designs. As
the impact of environmental policies gathers more momentum, companies are investing a
great deal more time and money into developing alternative designs. Today, we're going to
examine and compare a number of different models already available on the market. HAWT
(H-A-W-T) or horizontal-axis wind turbines are the most commonly found on British wind
farms. (1) They are constructed of a high steel tower which is between 60 and 90 metres,
with three revolving blades which range from 20 to 40 metres. Another type of wind
turbine which is being piloted at present is the vertical axis turbine. In this lecture, we will
be looking at two different models - the experimental ones built and currently being tested
by Professor of bioengineering John Dabiri in his newly-established company in California
and the (2) qr5 model, engineered and currently being marketed by a British firm. So why
invest in the development of vertical turbines when there is a comprehensive range of
horizontal ones on the market? Well, the vertical models demonstrate a number of
indisputable advantages. The most obvious of these is that unlike the (3) horizontal-axis
turbines, which can require anything up to a mile between them, these models take up
consider-ably less space. Dabiri's model, which he likens to an egg-beater, is only 10 metres
high and the internal rotors are a mere 1.2 metres in diameter. Perhaps, the thing which
makes Dabiri's organizational model particularly fascinating is the fact that it was (4)
inspired by the movement, flow and geometric positioning within shoals of fish. He imitates
this by placing the turbines much closer together than the horizontal-axis wind turbines - if
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strategically positioned, the air movement or vortices which are generated by each of the
turbines can benefit the neighbouring ones. (5) So, even though the HAWT models produce
much more energy individually, over the same area as a typical HAWT wind farm, metre
for metre, these vertical turbines collectively can produce I0 times more power. The qr5
model turbine boasts various characteristics which make it one of the up-and-coming
models. First of all, (6) it has been designed to work silently and to create minimal
vibration, in contrast to the much noisier operation of the horizontal turbine. Secondly, it
is probably the most attractive out of the three turbines, being a helical or twisted shape —
a definite plus if you intend to situate it near an area of natural beauty. Being only 5 metres
high and three across, it is far more compact than the other two models as well. Therefore,
unlike Dabiri's model, (7) it can both operate on top of high buildings and in built-up areas.
So far we've covered some basic facts about the type of turbines which are available. Now
let's turn to their future impact on energy as a whole...
Exercise 4.11:
1. D [She died in 1968 and you can see her gravestone in Tanbridge Cemetery)
2. B (A bestselling horror writer, he got many of his themes for his haunting novels
from this very town.)
3. A (Not only a poet, he has also written ten novels that have topped the book sales
charts.)
4. C (Before she headed for Hollywood, you could have seen her waiting tables in The
Dorage Restaurant here in town!)
Audioscript:
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Now, not only do we have lots of historical architecture here in the town of Tanbridge, we
also have a rich variety of famous residents. Of course, everyone has heard of the famous
writers James Harman, Anna Collins and Ian Cheriton, or I. H. Cheriton, as he is better
known. And they have all lived in our small town! In fact, Anna Collins, the celebrated
romance novelist, spent all her life in this town. She lived by the town square, where there is
a plaque to commemorate her. (1) She died in 1968 and you can see her gravestone in
Tanbridge Cemetery. You may know Anna from her most famous work, The Pride of Angels,
which won numerous awards and for which she was a runner-up for the Herald Prize in
1950.
(2) James Harman also lived here between 1975 and 1990. A bestselling horror writer, he
got many of his themes for his haunting novels from this very town. He passed away a year
after leaving Tanbridge and although he isn't buried in the town, we do have a statue of him
on the roundabout as you enter the town.
Now, (3) I. H. Cheriton has been the Poet Laureate for three years and he lives in Tanbridge
today. His home is the red house by the river. Not only a poet, he has also written ten novels
that have topped the book sales charts. He always does a lot of work for local charities and
is quite a gem in this town.
(4) Lastly, another famous resident of Tanbridge is Sylvia Daniels. She grew up in Tanbridge
and went to the local comprehensive here. You can see her childhood home just across the
river by the post office. Now, I am sure you all know her for her latest film Planet Dust,
which has just reached number one at the cinema box office. But she wasn't always an
actress. Before she headed for Hollywood, you could have seen her waiting tables in The
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Dorage Restaurant here in town! She often comes back to visit as her family all still live
here. If you're lucky, you may even catch a glimpse of her!
Exercise 4.12:
1. C 2. C 3. A 4.A 5.B
Audioscript:
OK, so to finish, I want to look at the resources available for researching UK census
information for the essay you'll be writing at the end of this module. There are many
resources for the study of the civilian population and family history out there ranging from
public to academic to commercial. Some are available for the public to access free of charge,
whilst others are only available by payment of fees, or restricted to academics and subject
to registration. Some are more appropriate to family or genealogical investigation, others to
historical population research.
So, if we start at the beginning of the list on your handout, you'll see firstly, there is the
Family Records Centre based in central London. The centre and their website are available
to anyone in the country who has an interest in researching demographic data. Their work
might be useful to give you an overview of the general sorts of data and services available.
(1) Unfortunately, you do have to pay a registration charge of £20 for a year's access to
their material.
The next resource on the list is Genes Reunited, which is mainly for people who want to find
out more about their ancestors. There are some good interactive tools on this website,
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especially the one which shows you how to manipulate the National Census Association's
statistical data. (2) Although Genes Reunited is very useful, it is used by a range of
businesses, and therefore accessing the site will cost you.
Now, the third item on the handout is the National Census Association, which contains the
most up-to-date data as it's compiled from official government census data every ten years.
(3) Both companies and individuals are able to access all their resources without payment,
so this may be a good place to start your research.
Finally, I'd just like to draw your attention to two journals at the bottom of the handout. The
first one, Journal of Historical Migration, is not actually a journal but a collection of articles
on a website. Anyway, you might like to take a look at it because it has several articles on
the importance of recording census data from a historical research perspective. (4) This site
is available to the general public, so you don't have to pay or register. The other one, (5)
Journal of Social Demography, is only available using your university online journals login
details as it can only be accessed by those studying or researching in higher education.
Right. Well, that should be enough reading for you.
Exercise 4.13:
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B
Audioscript:
Right team, this afternoon, I want to go over the new marketing and advertising strategy so
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that everyone is clear on the streams for each of our product ranges.
Let's start with toys for children. Now, last year most of the advertising was done through
leaflets posted through people's letterboxes across the city. However, the products are now
selling well nationally in department stores rather than just in our local shop here in Leeds,
so, we're going to expand the budget and use print media. (1) By this, I mean the national
newspapers, in order to maximise the exposure to these products. And despite the fact
that our competitors advertise baby clothes on TV, we won't be using this method as our
statistics show that it's just not cost-effective. (2) People don't pay much attention to TV
ads for baby clothes, but we believe a picture in the newspapers will be much more
attractive to potential customers. We're going with this method.
As far as clothing for expectant mothers is concerned, (3) the campaign will move from
newspapers to the Internet due to the fact that we've seen an increase in internet shopping
for clothes among women in general.
And finally, baby food. Adverts for this are difficult to place, and we've previously tried ads
in all three media. Anyway, although our analysis has shown that the internet is one
possibility, (4) we're going to continue using television; many other types of food are also
advertised on TV, and happy mothers and babies make a very strong image.
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Exercise 4.14:
1. G 2. C 3. E 4. I 5. J
Audioscript:
- Man: Hello there. I want to get a French dictionary for my daughter, but I'm not sure
whether to get an electronic dictionary or a book.
- Shop assistant: It really depends on what sort of level she's at with the language.
- Man: (1) She's been studying for five years now. She's done German for three, and I
think she's pretty advanced. (3) She's been on 3 separate month-long exchanges in
the south of France.
- Shop assistant: (2) In that case, she'd get the most benefit from a really good book
dictionary.
- Man: That's interesting. My daughter's heart's set on an electronic dictionary. You
know, one of those pocket-sized things. She says it's so much easier to carry and use.
They are much handier, aren't they?
- Shop assistant: I think it's OK for looking up words for beginners, and it's useful
when you're travelling, but if you're really committed to learning and genuinely
interested in a language, a proper dictionary is much better. A good book dictionary
has far more examples and explanations and a vastly wider range of vocabulary.
When you look at the page, you can see so many more different words at the same
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time, (4) which you can't on an electronic display, and that can really help you
expand your vocabulary.
- Man: (5) Isn't it much slower than an electronic dictionary?
- Shop assistant: (5) To start with, perhaps, but once you get used to a real dictionary,
it is actually far faster for advanced language learners. You find the information you
need really quickly.
Exercise 4.15:
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. I
5. B 6. F 7. H 8. J
Audioscript:
- Man: OK, you've convinced me, so which dictionary do you think I should get?
- Shop assistant: For advanced learners, there are really only two serious options;
neither of them cheap, I'm afraid.
- Man: That's OK. It's- a good investment, I think. Is that the Webster's Dictionary? (1)
The black-and-green one?
- Shop assistant: That's it, and next to it, you can see on its side, (5) the Branston's
Dictionary, the red-and-blue one.
- Man: Is there much to choose between them?
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- Shop assistant: There is, although both of them are excellent in their way. In general,
I'd say the Webster's is slightly trendier, sort of more streetwise, (4) so their
examples, their definitions are more up to date. The Branston's Dictionary is sort of
misleading in its appearance. You can take pages out and add some, and you can get
updates sent to you every year for no extra charge if you register on the website.
- Man: How often?
- Shop assistant: (6) Every year; it's a really good feature. (7) The Branston's looks like
it's less academic in tone than the Webster's, because it's in a binder, but in fact, the
opposite is true.
- Man: Hmmm. That's interesting. Someone told me one of them comes with a CD or
something.
- Shop assistant: Yes, that's the Branston's. It's at the back in a thick envelope. Oh no,
hang on. (2) Tell a lie, it's the Webster's. It's a pronunciation guide. I think it's a bit
of a gimmick, but it's in the price, so it doesn't do any harm.
- Man: So, you'd say the Branston's is a bit more academic, if perhaps a bit old-
fashioned?
- Shop assistant: (8) Generally speaking, you can find a broader selection of the
different forms of the words, but the downside to that is that it can be a bit
convoluted. I like getting all that detail, but not everyone needs all that extra
baggage if you know what I mean. (3) The Webster's is slightly more lucid in its
explanations — it uses plainer English and French, so that's a plus for a lot of
people.
- Man: You've been extremely helpful. I must tell the manager. From what you said, I
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think the. one I'll buy is the ...
Exercise 4.16:
1. D 2. F 3. H 4. B
5. G 6. C 7. I
Audioscript:
- Waiter: Hello. Super Spicy Indian Restaurant. How can I help you?
- Customer: Hello. I'd like to order some food, but I've got a few questions first.
- Waiter: No problem. What would you like to know?
- Customer: What types of bread do you have?
- Waiter: We have quite a few different varieties, but our most popular are chapattis,
naan bread, and we also have poppadoms.
- Customer: What's the difference between them?
- Waiter: (1) Chapattis are just a simple round bread. It's flat. It's baked in an oven. If
you want something that is similar but not quite as simple, (2) naan bread is slightly
spicy.
- Customer: What about the poppadoms?
- Waiter: (3) They're very thin and crispy, fried in hot oil. I suppose they're more like
crisps than bread.
- Customer: Thanks for that. What type of curry have you got?
- Waiter: We've got dozens of types of curries, and not all of them are actually Indian.
If you don't like spicy curry, (4) chicken korma is a good one. It's a mild curry with
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chicken and coconut. The sauce is delicious. (5) Our rogan josh is quite spicy. It's a
Iamb curry. Do you like lamb?
- Customer: I love lamb.
- Waiter: For our next curry, we've taken the recipe from Thailand. (6) Our Thai
seafood curry is really popular. It's quite unusual and it's got prawns, fish, and
potatoes in it I know potatoes aren't seafood, but they taste wonderful with the fish
and prawns.
- Customer: Some of my friends are vegetarian. Do you have any vegetarian dishes?
- Waiter: You might like to try our tofu and vegetable curry. That's tofu and vegetables
served in a spicy sauce. You could have some bhajis with that.
- Customer: What's a bhaji?
- Waiter: (7) That's vegetables coated in flour and fried in oil. Our bhajis are pretty
spicy, actually very spicy. We also do soft drinks.
- Customer: Do you deliver, or do I have to come to collect?
- Waiter: Yes, we deliver. If you live within a radius of 3 miles, delivery is free for
orders over ten pounds. You can come and eat at the restaurant if you like.
- Customer: Thanks very much. I'll speak to my friends and I'll call you back in a few
minutes.
- Waiter: Thanks for calling. Goodbye.
Exercise 4.17:
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1. A
4. B
Audioscript:
2. B, C
5. B
3. A, B
6. A
The Swan Hotel is a pretty small hotel. (1) The good thing about it is that it's not far from
the airport, which is handy when you're travelling abroad. Of course, that means it's not in a
very nice area, so it's not ideal for tourists who want to go out at night or go shopping,
although you can easily get a bus into town if you want. (3) All 35 rooms are double rooms,
and all of them have en suite bathrooms. They have nice big bath-rooms, with a bath and a
shower. Each room also has a normal TV, a trouser press, and a safety deposit box for
keeping your valuables in. I suppose it's a typical business travellers' hotel, but it's also OK if
you're just staying overnight to take an early flight. Although there's no web access there,
their website is really good. It's very informative, and you can book rooms online. (6) They
take all major credit cards.
(2) The Sunrise Hotel is a lot closer to the centre of town, so it's probably a bit more
expensive than the Swan. It's within walking distance of Theatreland and the big shopping
centres. (4) If you don't want to go out, you can stay in and watch satellite TV. There's a
honeymoon suite if you are feeling romantic. They serve a really huge English breakfast, too.
(3) All the bathrooms are en suite; it's a little on the small side. (5) Every room has a
broadband Internet connection, although you have to pay a small charge for that. Oh, if you
really want some luxury, book the honeymoon suite. It has a jacuzzi. Also, all the rooms
have free movie channels on the TV, which is good if you're feeling a bit tired. It's a bit
strange, though. You can only pay in cash or by cheque. It's a long way to the airport,
though.
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(2) The Backpacker Hotel is a budget hotel pretty near the centre of London. They say
they're only 2 minutes from the underground station, but you have to walk quite quickly. I
reckon it's about 10 minutes, but that's still good. You can take the under-ground when your
flight lands, although it takes more than an hour to get there; it's a long way. They've got 60
rooms, which are quite basic, but warm. They have shared bathrooms, so if you want en
suite facilities, you'll have to go elsewhere. They don't have an Internet connection in your
room, but they have a little room which they call their business centre. It has a fax machine
and an Internet connection if you want to plug in your laptop. That's pretty good for a cheap
hotel. They take cash only.
Exercise 4.18:
1. H 2. E 3. B 4. F 5. G 6. A
Audioscript:
- Travel Agent: Good morning. Can I help you?
- Customer 1: Yes, good morning. We'd like to book a holiday for July, please.
- Travel Agent: Certainly. Where did you have in mind?
- Customer 1: Oh, well, we haven't thought a lot about it, really. We'd just like to go
somewhere hot, you Know, and it must be in July.
- Travel Agent: I see. Well, let's get the dates cleared up first, then we can see about
availability. What part of July were you thinking of?
- Customer 2: Ah, well, you see, we have slightly different holidays. I've got the whole
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month except for the last four days, so I could go from the first to Lie twenty-
seventh, but my friend here doesn't start until the seventh, so i suppose it will have
to be the middle two weeks, really.
- Customer 1: Yes, but I've got to be back by the twenty-fourth.
- Travel Agent: OK. Now, let's find a destination. Any preferences... Spain, Greece,
Portugal...?
- Customer 1: (6) Oh, not Spain. We went there last year, and it was absolutely packed
with teenagers making noise and getting drunk all the time.
- Customer 2: Yes, it was terrible. We definitely want somewhere quieter this year.
- Travel Agent: Well, of course it depends more on the resort, rather than the country.
There are resorts in every country which cater for the family or the slightly older
person... they're usually a shade more expensive, though, as you might expect.
- Customer 1: Oh, well, we don't mind paying a bit more if it means more peace and
quiet, do we?
- Customer 2: Definitely not. It'd be well worth it!
- Travel Agent: Alright, let's have a look at what we've got on the computer... July...
was it ten or fourteen nights you wanted?
- Customer 1: Oh, the fortnight, please.
- Travel Agent: Right... well, let's start with Italy. Umm... we've got fourteen nights
bed and breakfast in Sorrento for three hundred and forty-five pounds, from
Manchester, on the fourteenth, or we've got…
- Customer 1: (5) No, wait a minute, that's no good for me. We wouldn't get back till
the twenty-eighth, and I've got to be back at work before that.
- Travel Agent: Oh, yes. Umm... how about Opatija, two weeks half-board...
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- Customer 2: Where's that?

- Travel Agent: Yugoslavia, madam. Northern part. Nice little place. That would be
three hundred and ten pounds, from Manchester again.
- Customer 1: (1) Yugoslavia? Oh, but I've been told the beaches aren't very nice
there.
- Travel Agent: Well, again it depends on where you go. In Opatija, they have those
big wooden platforms, you know, with sunbeds, so there's no beach as such, but the
water is beautifully clean and...
- Customer 2: Oh, no, I think we'd prefer a real beach, you know, I like a bit of sand...
(laugh)
- Travel Agent: Alright, how about Greece, the Greek islands? We have several
holidays there, Spetse, Kos... Departures every Tuesday, and it's quite economical
really because it's all on a self-catering basis, so...
- Customer 1: Oh, what about hotels? We'd prefer to be in a nice hotel, I think. What
about you, Kath?
- Customer 2: (2) Oh, yes, I can't be bothered with cooking your own meals and all
that sort of thing... I like to forget about all that when I go on holiday
- Travel Agent: Humrnm. Well, I'm afraid it's all self-catering we do for the Greek
islands. How about the mainland? There's a dual-centre holiday here, Athens and
Delphi, seven days in each. That would come to...
- Customer 2: (3) Oh, just a minute, isn't it a bit sweltering in Athens at that time of
year?
- Travel Agent: Well, it's not exactly the coldest place in Europe. (laugh) Let's see... the
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-
average temperature in July is... twenty-nine centigrade, that's eighty-one
Fahrenheit.
Customer 1: Oh, God, no, I think we'd just die in X11 that heat, I mean, the coast's
bad enough but in a city...!
- Travel Agent: All right, let's try somewhere else. How about Portugal?
- Customer 1: Oh, that sounds great. We've never been there, have we?
- Travel Agent: Let's see now. We've got fourteen nights in Albufeira, half-board, from
Gatwick, for three hundred and eighty-five pounds.
- Customer 1: Albufeira? Oh, wait a minute, did you say the flight was from London?
- Customer 2: Oh, well, really we'd prefer a flight from the North somewhere,
Manchester perhaps, or even Glasgow...
- Travel Agent: Right... there's a twelve-night holiday in Lagos, that's near Albufeira,
from Manchester on the eleventh, for... four hundred and fifty-five pounds.
- Customer 2: Oh, that's a bit pricey, isn't it? Why is it so much more than the other
one?
- Travel Agent: Well, madam, there's a surcharge for the airport, and it is a five-star
hotel.
- Customer 2: (4) Oh, well, it's a bit over our budget, really...
Exercise 4.19:
1. B 2. B 3. F 4. D 5. E 6. D
7. A 8. C 9. A
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Audioscript:
The trouble with a long weekend in Wales is that a long weekend is too short. There just
isn't enough weekend for what Wales has to offer. Take the Welsh coastline. Whichever way
you like your sand, you'll find it in Wales.
For the active, (7) (9) there are surfing beaches all around the coast — at Marloes Sands, at
Aberdaron and particularly at Rhossili Beach on the Gower Peninsula which offers some of
the best surf in. Europe.
(1)(2) Sailing, too, is widely available with yachting centres such as Tenby in the south,
Aberdovey in mid Wales, and Abersoch on the Lleyn Peninsula in the north.
There are big, open beaches, and there are small, secluded bays and coves. The six miles of
(8) Pendine Sands, for instance, in Carmarthen Bay are so long and wide that they are
frequently used for different kinds of racing events. (5) While Llanddwyn Bay on a southern
corner of Anglesey offers four miles of sand and dune and countless vantages for the
spectacular view across the Bay to Snowdonia. (3) Barafundle Bay in the Pembrokeshire
National Park is as secluded as they come, and like Munt, a golden sandy beach trapped in a
tiny sheltered cove at the southern end of Cardingan Bay, basks in tranquility.
(4) (6) And, of course, there are many old fishing villages, Llangrannog and Barmouth
among them, whose charm has increased as the fleets of ships have declined. These days,
you see, the fishing in Wales is much more for pleasure than profit. For sea fishermen, rivers
like the Dee and the Usk provide some of the most available salmon fishing in the UK. is it
any wonder that Wales lures fishermen in droves? And is it any wonder that there are
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hundreds of cosy lake and riverside inns to accommodate them?
Wales is teeming with interesting places to stay and interesting things to do.
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Multiple Choices
Exercise 5.1:
1. C
Audioscript:
- Sam: So, there's a great walking tour tomorrow morning. Or tomorrow night, we
could go on the cruise round the harbour. What do you think, John?
- John: Well, we've got theatre tickets for tonight, so, we'll be too tired for the walking
tour in the morning. But I don't fancy the cruise, either.
- Sam: Why not? It'll be fun! Look, it's a dinner cruise, and it's only $12 each.
- John: I hate the sea, and I'll be sick with fear if the waves are big! And dinner ... on a
boat ... I just couldn't.
- Sam: But we'll be in the harbour!
- John: Still Ah, but what about this? There's a bus tour tomorrow evening. It's only
$5.50, and it goes all around the main tourist sites!
- Sam: Yeah, that sounds OK but I much...[fade]
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Exercise 5.2:
1. C
Audioscript:
2. C
- John: Where shall we eat tonight?

- Sam: Well, there are plenty of options. The guide says this city has hundreds of
restaurants. What kind of food would you like to have, John?
- John: Well, I quite like seafood. There's The Captain's Table on Firth Street. The guide
gives it four stars.
- Sam: I don't know ... The hotel receptionist told me the service is slow. But if you like
seafood, there are a couple more places in the guide.
- John: Aft yes ... Mangan's or Joe's Café. What about those, Sam?
- Sam: (1) Mangan's could be a good option. It's nicer than Joe's Café, and there are
fantastic views as well. We'd probably pay a bit extra ... Joe's Cafe is much cheaper.
But we're on holiday; I think we should splash out!
- John: That sounds great! Oh, no. Hold on. It's closed tonight. What a shame! Shall we
go to Joe's Cafe, then?
- Sam: Yes, I suppose we'll have to. I'll give them a call and book a table. Can I use your
phone?
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- John: Ah, er ... no. Sorry. I've left my phone in the hotel. (2) We can ask the
receptionist to do it. Let's go back now and sort it out. We can get changed and have
a drink before dinner if you like.
- Sam: OK, good idea.
Exercise 5.3:
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
1. We had a response to our survey and we found that while 80% of our students
drinks coffee, only 15% drinks tea, with the rest preferring water.
2. Over 800,000 people in the US are estimated to have tried skiing. This may
seem a large number but it represents just over 0,26% of the total population of 300 million.
So, per capita, it is surprisingly small.
3. It’s estimated that India is home to between 38,000 and 53,000 wild elephants, while
Africa has between 470,000 and 690,000. Exact figures are difficult to determine.
4. An elephant can weigh between 2.5 and 5 tonnes. This is comparable to the
tongue of the blue whale, which alone can weigh 2.7 tonnes. In fact , a blue whale
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can weight 15 times more than an elephant, and can grow to about 10 times the size of a
standard bus.
Exercise 5.4:
Answer: B, E
- MAN: Could you tell me, will all their services be free?
- WOMAN: Erm ... there are usually some small charges that doctors make. Let me see
what it says about the Shore Lane Centre. (E) If you need to be vaccinated before
any trips abroad, you won’t have to pay for this. Erm, what else? The sports injury
treatment service operates on a paying basis, as does the nutritional therapy service.
Some health centres do offer alternative therapies like homeopathy as part of their
pay-to-use service. Shore Lane are hoping to do this soon - I think they may start
with acupuncture. And finally, (B) if you need to prove you’re healthy or haven’t
had any serious injuries before a new employer will accept you, you can get a free
fitness check-up there , but you’d most likely have to pay for insurance medicals
though.
- MAN: Okay, thanks.
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Exercise 5.5:
1. C 2. B 3. B
OK, so, now, I’ll finish by talking a little bit about India. (1) I’ve actually been to India and I
didn’t have any feeling that it was dangerous at all. First of all, (2) I went on an organised
tour with a group of people. This is definitely the best way to go because it’s so much safer. I
mean, I didn’t go anywhere without the group, and we had a tour guide who spoke the local
language and knew the area. In fact, I remember now, (3) she warned us not to go off with
strangers, even if they seemed nice and friendly. But, again, you wouldn’t do that at home
either, would you?
Exercise 5.6:
1. C 2. A 3.C 4. C
Good morning. I’m here today to give you a few tips about security on campus. We’re not
just here to prevent crime, but to make sure you’re safe twenty four hours a day.
(1) One of the services we provide for students who live on campus is to walk home with
you if you need to cross the campus late at night. I mean, we all know the halls of residence
are quite a long way from the library, don’t we? So, for example, (2) if you’re been studying
in the library ‘till late and you’re nervous about going home alone, all you have to do is ring
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campus security on 3333 and we’ll send someone to make sure you’re safe. OK?
By the way, another important thing to remember is the campus emergency number.
Umm…we all know (3) the national emergency in the UK is 999. But when you’re on
campus, and there’s an emergency, you should call 3333. If you call 3333, you’ll get
through to our own staff, right here on campus. (4) They can react quickly and get to you
faster than national services.
Exercise 5.7:
Answer: A, B
Hi. Great to see you! I’m Jody, and I’ll be looking after both of you for the first month you’re
working here at the Amersham Theatre. I’ll tell you something about the theatre now, then
take you to meet two of the other staff.
It’s an old building, and it’s been modernised several times. In fact, as you can see, we’re
carrying out a major refurbishment at the moment. The interior has just been repainted,
and we’re about to start on the exterior of the building - that’ll be a big job (loại câu D).
The work’s running over budget, so we’ve had to postpone installing an elevator (Loại câu
C). I hope you’re happy running up and down stairs! When the theatre was built, people
were generally slimmer and shorter than now, and the seats were very close together.
We’ve replaced them with larger seats, with more legroom (câu B). This means fewer
seats in total (Loại câu E), but we’ve taken the opportunity to install seats that can easily be
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moved, to create different acting spaces. (Câu A) We’ve also turned a few storerooms over
to other purposes, like using them for meetings .

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A
- MARTIN: Good morning. This is Burnham tourist office, Martin speaking.

- SUE: Oh, hello. I saw a poster about free things to do in the area, and it said people
should phone you for information. I'm coming to Burnham with my husband and two
children for a few days on June the 27th, or possibly the 28th, and I'd like some ideas
for things to do on the 29th .
- MARTIN: Yes, of course. OK. Then let's start with a couple of events especially for
children. The art gallery is holding an event called ‘Family Welcome' that day, when
there are activities and trails to use throughout the gallery.
- SUE: That sounds interesting. What time does it start?
- MARTIN: The gallery opens at 10, and (1) the ‘Family Welcome’ event runs from
10.30 until 2 o’clock. The gallery stays open until 5. (2) And several times during the
day, they’re going to show a short film that the gallery has produced. It
demonstrates how ceramics are made, and there'll be equipment and materials for
children to have a go themselves. Last time they ran the event, there was a film
about painting, which went down very well with the children, and they’re now
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-
-
working on one about sculpture
SUE: I like the sound of that. And what other events happen in Burnham?
MARTIN: Well, do you all enjoy listening to music?
- SUE: Oh, yes.
- MARTIN: (3) Well there are several free concerts taking place at different times –
one or two in the morning, the majority at lunchtime , and a couple in the evening.
And they range from pop music to Latin American.
- SUE: The Latin American could be fun. What time is that?
- MARTIN: It’s being repeated several times, in different places. They’re performing in
the central library at 1 o’clock, (4) then at 4 it’s in the City Museum , and in the
evening at 7.30 there’s a longer concert, in the theatre.
SUE: Right. I’ll suggest that to the rest of the family.
- MARTIN: Something else you might be interested in is the boat race along the river.
- SUE: Oh, yes, do tell me about that.
- MARTIN: (5) The race starts at Offord Marina , to the north of Burnham, and goes as
far as Summer Pool. The best place to watch it from is Charlesworth Bridge, though
that does get rather crowded.
- SUE: And who’s taking part?
- MARTIN: Well local boat clubs, but the standard is very high. (6) One of them came
first in the West of England regional championship in May this year - it was the first
time a team from Burnham has won. It means that next year they'll be representing
the region in the national championship.
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Exercise 5.9:
1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C
MAN: First of all, let me thank you all for coming to this public meeting, to discuss the future
of our town. Our first speaker is Shona Ferguson, from Barford town council. Shona.
SHONA: Thank you. First I’ll briefly give you some background information, then I’ll be
asking you for your comments on developments in the town. Well, as you don’t need me to
tell you, Barford has changed a great deal in the last 50 years. These
are some of the main changes. (11) Fifty years ago, buses linked virtually every part of the
town and the neighbouring towns and villages. Most people used them frequently, but
not now, because the bus companies concentrate on just the routes that attract most
passengers. So parts of the town are no longer
served by buses. Even replacing old uncomfortable buses with smart new ones has had little
impact on passenger numbers. It’s sometimes said that bus fares are too high, but in
relation to average incomes, fares are not much higher than they were 50 years ago.
Changes in the road network are affecting the town. The centre was recently closed to
traffic on a trial basis, making it much safer for pedestrians. The impact of this is being
measured. (12) The new cycle paths separating bikes from cars in most main roads, are
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being used far more than was expected, reducing traffic and improving air quality. And
although the council’s attempts to have a bypass constructed have failed, we haven’t given
up hope of persuading the government to change its mind.
Shopping in the town centre has changed over the years. Many of us can remember when
the town was crowded with people going shopping. Numbers have been falling for several
years, despite efforts to attract shoppers, for instance by opening new car parks. Some
people combine shopping with visits to the town’s restaurants and cafés. (13) Most shops
are small independent stores, which is good, but many people prefer to use supermarkets
and department stores in nearby large towns, as there are so few well-known chain stores
here.
Turning now to medical facilities, the town is served by family doctors in several medical
practices - fewer than 50 years ago, but each catering for far more patients.
(14) Our hospital closed 15 years ago, which means journeys to other towns are
unavoidable. On the other hand, there are more dentists than there used to be.
Employment patterns have changed, along with almost everything else. (15) The number of
schools and colleges has increased, making that the main employment sector. Services,
such as website design and accountancy, have grown in importance, and surprisingly,
perhaps, manufacturing hasn’t seen the decline that has affected it in other parts of the
country.
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Exercise 5.10:
Answer: B, E, G
- Mark: OK. Shall we start with your interests? What do you like doing best?
- Victoria: Umm, well, (E) I like photography. I’ve got a professional camera. So I take
it quite seriously. But I can’t really imagine belong to a club to take photographs. I
usually go on long walks on my own and take photos. So I like photography, but I
wouldn’t want to join a club to do it.
- Mark: OK, so what else do you like doing? Running?
- Victoria: oh no! Not running! I like walking, but I hate running. I’m afraid the running
club isn’t for me or the cycling club.
- Mark: And film and drama?
- Victoria: Ahh, no. It’s far too expensive. But (B) I do like yoga. I’ve practised yoga on
and off for years. How many members does the yoga club have?
- Mark: It’s always a small group. A lot of people sign up at the beginning of term, but
they stop going after a few weeks. So they’re left with a few regular members every
year.
- Victoria: That sounds good. I think I’d like to join the yoga club. And what about the
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-
-
contemporary dance club? Is it expensive?
Mark: Contemporary dance? No, it’s not expensive. £10 for the term. Do you like
dance?
Victoria: Well, I’ve never tried contemporary dance, but (C ) I do like jazz and tap
dance. How often does the group meet?
Exercise 5.11:
1. C 2. A 3. C
Audioscript:
- Gary: Anyway, have you spoken to any of your lecturers, yet?
- Judy: No, but I got emailed a whole list of stuff - about 15 pages in all. The book list
goes on and on. There are about 55, no, (1) 56 books we need for research and that
doesn't include reference books.
- Gary: Good job you've got the whole year to read them. You should 've taken my
course. I've only got a few books down on my list and half are optional. Most of the
material is online. Did they send you any information on the coursework for the
year?
- Judy: Yes, but the last two essays were missing some information. Apparently, they
are updating some of the assignments and we'll be told later on this term. It's not all
essays, though. (2) Next month, we've got to sign up for a big field trip to Egypt in
April. We're there for a ten-day tour of the rock tombs and the pyramids along the
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Nile and we get to observe and assist in a dig. Then, when we get back, we have to
write it all up in a report.
- Gary: Lucky you. You get to go on holiday while you're studying. Our coursework isn't
that exciting. We're doing an ongoing project on Business Management throughout
the year - which includes designing a lot of questionnaires, graphs, bar charts - that
sort of stuff. We have to work in the same groups throughout the year so everyone
must pull their weight. And at the end of the year there is (3) a big team
PowerPoint presentation on the project and then individual presentations in which
we assess our performance within the group and any ways we could have
improved it.
Exercise 5.12:
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B
- Tutor: Good morning everyone. So, you’re going to tell me about your presentation.
First of all, what’s your topic? Did you say you were going to talk about the uses of
mobile phone?
- Laila: Err, not exactly. (1) We’re actually going to explain the dangers of using mobile
phones.
- Tutor: Ahh, OK, that sounds interesting. What are you going to discuss exactly?
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- Anne-Marie: Well, we’ve planned to divide the presentation into three sections. (2)
We’ll have an introduction, explaining why we think it’s important to understand the
dangers of mobiles. Then (3) on the second slide, we’ll have a list of the different
types of danger and then on the last slide we’re going to suggest ways of staying out
of danger when you use a mobile.
- Harry: Yes, we want to start by telling the audience that using a mobile phone can be
dangerous and then go into more detail in the next part.
- Tutor: OK, (4) but before you talking about the dangers of mobile phones, I think you
should mention the advantages. You could put that in your introduction. It balances
up the argument a bit.
-
Exercise 5.13:
Câu 1,2: C, E
Today we're pleased to have on the show Alice Bussell from the Dolphin Conservation Trust.
Tell us about the Trust, Alice.
Well, obviously its purpose is to protect dolphins in seas all around the world. It tries to raise
people’s awareness of the problems these marine creatures are suffering because of
pollution and other threats. It started ten years ago and it’s one of the fastest growing
animal charities in the country – although it's still fairly small compared with the big
players in animal protection (loại câu B).
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We are particularly proud of the work we do in education - last year we visited a huge
number of schools in different parts of the country, going round to talk to children and
young people aged from five to eighteen. In fact, about thirty-five per cent of our members
are children (loại câu A). The charity uses its money to support campaigns - for example,
for changes in fishing policy and so forth (C).
It hopes soon to be able to employ its first full-time biologist - with dolphin expertise - to
monitor populations (loại câu D). Of course, many people give their services on a voluntary
basis and we now have volunteers working in observation, office work and other things (E).
Câu 3: B
I should also tell you about the award we won from the Charity Commission last year - for
our work in education. Although it’s not meant an enormous amount of money for us (loại
câu A), it has made our activities even more widely publicised and understood (B). In the
long term it may not bring in extra members but we’re hoping it'll have this effect (loại câu
C).
Is it possible to see dolphins in UK waters?
Câu 4: A
Yes. In several locations. And we have a big project in the east part of Scotland. This has long
been a haven for dolphins because it has very little shipping. However, that may be about to
change soon because oil companies want to increase exploration there. We’re campaigning
against this because, although there’ll be little pollution from oil, exploration creates a lot
of underwater noise. It means the dolphins can’t rest and socialise (A).
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Câu 5: C
This is how I became interested in dolphin conservation in the first place.
I had never seen one and I hadn’t been particularly interested in them at school. Then I
came across this story about a family of dolphins who had to leave their home in the
Moray Firth because of the oil companies and about a child who campaigned to save
them. I couldn't put the book down - I was hooked (câu C).
Exercise 5.14:
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C
Audioscript:
- Frances: Hi Justin. What are you doing here? It's not very often I see you in the
library.
- Justin: Yeah. Well. I'm afraid I'm not like you Frances. I've left it all to the last minute
as usual. I've got tons of research left to do and I've got only till next Friday to finish
the first essay Professor Jones gave me on Educational Psychology. I haven't even
looked at the second one on Classroom Approaches.
- Frances: So, how far have you got with your essay?
- Justin: This one? I've nearly finished but I've got the other two to do.
- Frances: How about the latest assignment for Professor Evans? You know, the (1)
one on 'The Future of Education in the Classroom.'
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- Justin: Yeah, I know the one. Not very far, to be honest. I've started making notes
from the books on the booklist; but I just don't know where to begin. You got any
ideas?
- Frances: Yeah, a few. I've made a rough plan and have divided the essay into four
parts. The first part looks at the history of education over the last century. It's
important that you provide some back-ground information. Justin: So what did you
include? Frances: I hope you're not planning to steal all my ideas.
- Justin: Don't be silly. It'll never be as good as yours, anyway.
- Frances: Flattery will get you everywhere! (Laughs) Well, for the background, I
included class sizes and demographics; how testing has changed over the years and
different methods of motivation and punishment in the classroom. (2) There wasn't
much point in going into detail on teacher training and psychology. I didn't want to
go off the topic too much.
- Justin: Just a minute. Let me make a few notes on that. So you mentioned
background information on classes, testing techniques, motivation and punishment
and teacher training and psychology. Is that right?
- Frances: No, not the last one. That's too broad a subject. I don't want to go over the
word limit.
- Justin: Okay. You've got some really good ideas there. What did you write for the
next part?
- Frances: Thanks. Well, for this part I looked at the social trends and how they've
affected student performance over the last twenty years and how they are set to
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-
-
change. You know, (3) the increase in one-parent families, changes in interests and
hobbies, the influence of migrants in the education system — that sort of thing.
Justin: Slow down. Just need to finish this.
Frances: Okay? (uhu) Part three contrasts modern and traditional approaches in the
classroom and how suitable each one is now and will be for future generations. For
instance, nowadays the emphasis is on reward rather than punishment but there are
others who believe that we should return to the traditional methods and that means
corporal punishment.
- Justin: I suppose the last one covers the equipment used in the class-room including
modern technology like smartboards, computer suites.
- Frances: Yes, that's my last area. I also looked at what sort of changes would be
brought about in the classroom — for instance; three-dimensional images as
teaching aids; fully interactive computers on which a number of students can do the
same project together; even certain days in the week on which teaching would take
place solely online.
- Justin: How about closing the schools altogether and learning from home? Most kids
would like that!
- Frances: I'm not sure about that: schools (4) aren't just for learning, they're equally
important for building social skills. Anyway, we'd better go. The seminar's about to
begin.
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Exercise 5.15:
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B
Audioscript:
- Charlie: Oh, I'm glad that's over! How do you think you did in the presentation,
Sarah?
- Sarah: I don't really know. It's hard to tell. I followed all the instructions on my
handout but when I came to do it, I felt really nervous.
- Charlie: How come? I always thought you'd be a good speaker. Was it because
Professor Stone was taking notes or because we were all watching?
- Sarah: Well, I already knew that you'd all be watching me so I was prepared for that,
(1) but I hadn't thought about him writing anything down. He hardly looked at me. I
don't even know if he noticed all the work I'd put into it.
- Charlie: Of course, he did. He hardly looked at any of us. Anyway, I'm sure we all felt
the same. I certainly did. I'm much happier in front of the computer monitor. I'm not
a very confident speaker at the best of times. You know I hate giving speeches in
front of an audience. Remember what I was like when we all had to stand up and
talk about ourselves at the beginning of the course. Anyway, what did you think of
mine? Be honest.
- Sarah: Well, I was impressed by the visuals. You're certainly good with computers. I
wish my PowerPoint was as good as yours. The images conveyed your ideas really
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-
clearly and the background music was great.
- Charlie: You think so? Did you really like it? I changed my mind about the soundtrack
at the last minute but it was too late to do any-thing about it.
Sarah: No, the music was perfect. It wasn't too loud either. We could hear you easily
right from the back of the room. Next time you can help me with mine. I can never
find the right piece of music. Urn... (2) My only criticism would be that you read
from the screen a bit too much without going into much detail.
- Charlie: You mean that I needed to spend more time on developing my ideas (uhu).
Yeah, you're right. I spent far too long on the visuals and not enough time on
thinking about what I was going to say and that's why I finished with more than two
minutes to spare. (3) I've got to include more examples in my next one.
- Sarah: Well, I had the opposite problem. I kept going off the point and went well
over time. You see when I'm nervous, I tend to talk too much. I'm bound to lose
points from that.
- Charlie: Oh, I don't know - he might give you more for content (laughs). He's always
going on about not dropping below the word limit in our written assignments. You
know what he's like. More is better.
- Sarah: I do hope so. He's always so critical about everything I write. (4) I never get
more than a B.
- Charlie: Cheer up! We've only done two essays so far and I only got a C in my first
one. So, how do you think I interacted with the audience?
- Sarah: Well, I don't know about Professor Stone, but we enjoyed it a lot. It was funny
in places but you kept to the point. How about mine?
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- Charlie: Well. You did make us feel personally involved and we did learn a lot but I
must admit some parts were much too long - especially the second slide. That went
on for over five minutes. We'll both need to work on our timing next time.
Exercise 5.16:
1. A 2. B 3. C 4-6. B,D,F
Audioscript:
Lecturer: Let's just recap on the main points before proceeding. So, what do we know about
tardigrades, more commonly known as 'water bears'? Well, we've seen that they are aquatic
organisms which resemble microscopic, transparent, (1) eight-legged bears and are seen as
probably the most endearing of micro organisms. But they do not necessarily live in the sea
or freshwater bodies; they can also occupy water pockets in land moss, beaches and even
soil. Tardigrades can vary in size - ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 millimetres - and are made up of
just over 1,000 cells which grow in size rather than multiply. There are around 600
confirmed species and their lifespan may vary from 3 to 30 months depending on the
environmental conditions. There are some striking differences between them and other
invertebrates; the first one obviously being their appearance which is extremely bearlike;
another one is movement - they move slowly, whereas the majority of invertebrates tend to
dart around. Most of these have a simplistic form unlike the (2) tardigrada which have an
anatomy and physiology similar to macrofauna which, if you remember, is the terminology
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used to describe larger creatures. Take, for instance, their general anatomic structure; they
have a well-defined head with rudimentary mouth parts, a segmented body, which is
divided into four parts with eight short stubby legs each ending in rather lethal looking
claws. The hind legs are fitted with back-ward facing claws - unique to this particular
organism. These are used for grasping objects and propulsion in water but are unsuitable for
walking. On closer examination, we can see that they also have a basic alimentary canal,
which means that they are able to eat and excrete, and possess inner organs such as a brain,
stomach and (3) ovaries which store eggs for reproduction. There is no circulatory or
respiratory system, but other than that they can feed, mate and fight like any other full-size
mammal. So what makes these microscopic creatures so special? They are some of the
smallest and yet toughest creatures on our planet. The tardigrade can survive in
environments which would prove deadly for any other species. To prove this point,
scientists have even carried out detailed research in deep space where they experimentally
subjected them to intense ultraviolet radiation and still they returned to active life. The
terrestrial or land-based tardigrades have proven to be the toughest out of all of the species
as they are subjected to the most extreme conditions. The reason behind this is that they
are able to go into a cryptobiotic state, (4) by which I mean that their bodies are able to go
in a dormant state and then come back to life when the conditions are suitable. These are
truly fascinating creatures which have been known to remain in that dormant state for over
125 years. Revival typically takes a few hours depending on the length of time that they
have been exposed to the conditions. So how do they do it? Well, let's take a look at the
tardigrade in some very different environments. Firstly. let's analyse their reaction to
extreme heat. As I mentioned before, these organisms thrive in water but if by any chance
their water source should dry up, as long as it is over a prolonged period of time, tardigrada
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are able to dry out almost completely, taking on a dry shrunken state which is called a tun,
retaining only 3% of their body moisture. Even more surprising is the fact that (5) they can
sur-vive in temperatures of up to 303 degrees Fahrenheit. This may seem to be impressive
but it is only just the beginning. They are just as effective at shielding themselves against the
extreme cold in the Arctic tundra. In test conditions, they have displayed considerable
resilience surviving temperatures of minus 328 degrees Fahrenheit. In the same way, they
form a tun of protection but there are also other factors which come into play. The freezing
process is a gradual one and as they begin to freeze, they (6) produce proteins which
disrupt the formation of ice crystals thus making it possible for revival with thawing.
Despite the radical changes which occur in their metabolism, they seem to be none the
worse for their transformation. Now, let's examine how the tardigrade reacts to extreme
salinity. In this kind of environment, the tardigrade...
Exercise 5.17:
1. C
2. B
3. B
Audioscript:
Good morning, everyone. I've been invited to talk to you about computer-controlled driving
by your department. It may seem a bit of a cliché - cars that can drive themselves. You may
also think that it could only happen in the movies, but, in truth, it's more science and less
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fiction than it was - say - about twenty or thirty years ago. As you can see from your ever-
evolving phones and computers, technology never stands still. In fact, it has made
tremendous progress over the last few decades and is continuing to do so. Okay. Now, one
of the milestones in life, apart from becoming a home owner, is owning and learning to
drive your own car: the latter can often be a stressful experience to say the least. There are
many of us who have had to endure the stress of taking a driving test not only once or twice
but even three or four times. We may find our-selves spending a great deal more than we
originally intended to. So why go to all this trouble? Well, the answer is simple. (1) We no
longer regard the car as a luxury but a necessity. As an integral part of our lives, it would be
unthinkable for many of us not to own one, and yet driving and the problems related to it
are one of the most frequently-cited sources of stress. What if you didn't have to drive
anymore? What if the car was programmed to do it for you? You could just sit in the car and
do any-thing that you wanted without having to keep an eye on the traffic. Impossible, I
hear you say. Well, not any more. To illustrate, the first driverless, vision-guided robotic van
appeared on the roads of Munich in Germany as early as the 1980s. At this time, the vehicle
was still guided remotely using a system of internal cameras. Nevertheless it managed to
reach speeds of up to 100 kilometres per hour on empty roads. As you can imagine. This
was seen as a significant technological advancement by the automotive industry and
subsequently (2) in the same decade the European Commission set up a fund for the
development of autonomous cars. But it wasn't until the 1990s that the technology was
present to take it that one step further. In 1997, the American military built a fleet of
autonomous vehicles which successfully navigated both off road and through city traffic
near San Diego: and in 2007 Google also jumped on the bandwagon, manufacturing a fleet
of seven cars which have travelled 140,000 miles on public roads with next to no human
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intervention and without requiring any additional road infrastructure which would be both
costly and time consuming. So, if that's the case, you may ask why aren't there more of
these on the road? Obviously, they are still in the preliminary stages of testing and have to
be completely roadworthy before they are sold on to the public. Complex driving legislation
and procedural bureaucracy means that they have to undergo a series of stringent tests,
which have already taken decades. (3) What do these tests involve? Well, obviously, both
the software and hardware would initially have to meet strict criteria and are nowhere
near reaching this point yet. Let's take the example of Talos, a car which was designed and
built for the D-A-R-P-A Urban Challenge competition staged in 2007. During preliminary
tests, Talos had a near miss with another vehicle at a junction when it was distracted by
sensor noise which means that it temporarily lost track of the other car and started to move
forwards into its path. This incident proves that these sensory signals, which are the basis
for their navigational system, are still no substitute for good old common sense and there is
a lot more testing to be done. So, what would the impact be on our lives if we no longer had
to drive? Well, of course it is impossible to predict this exactly but information gathered
from market research has provided us with some indicators of how people might react to
the introduction of an autonomous car. As you might expect, there were conflicting
reactions — some being more positive than others.
Exercise 5.18:
1-3: A,C,E 4-6: B,D,F
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Audioscript:
First, let's take a look at some of the more positive ones. One of the things which drivers
find the most frustrating proved to be finding a parking space. Whether they wanted to go
to work or do the weekly shop, they complained of having to spend far too much time trying
to park. Advocates of the new technology claim that (1) the autonomous car can be
programmed to drop you off, find a parking space and then pick you up at a prearranged
time — eliminating both the stress involved in finding a parking space and the need for
hiring a taxi. Sounds fine - unless something unexpected crops up. These cars aren't
designed to cope with the unexpected. Let's say you are delayed for any reason or you
decide not to take your car. What hap-pens then?
Another thing which we can be pretty certain about is that in the current climate of rigorous
health and safety checks, especially pertaining to anything mechanical, the autonomous
vehicles will be far (2) safer than if they were being driven by humans. You may ask how I
can make such a bold assumption on such limited evidence. Well, it goes without saying that
humans are being dictated by their emotions and in day-to-day life they are often subjected
to conditions which put them under extreme stress. (3) So, in real terms this means that
their performance is liable to fluctuate depending on both internal and external factors.
Take, for example, a man who's just had a heated argument with his boss and is late for an
important appointment. It is highly unlikely that his performance on the road would be as
good as if he had left the office in a good mood. As humans, we are prone to tiredness,
lapses of concentration, illness and even inebriation whilst driving, all of which lead to
accidents and, in many instances, fatalities. This is obviously not so with computerized cars.
In fact, some recent car models which are on our roads today have already been equipped
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with 'driver assistive systems', such as for-ward and side collision alerts. to inform the driver
of a possible accident; adaptive cruise control, which maintains a steady distance between
your car and the one in front; etc.
According to statistics, in the United States one third of deaths in young people between 15
and 24 are caused on the roads. The statistics in the UK reflect the same pattern with the
highest mortality rate being amongst children and young people between the ages of 10
and 24. Overall, though, (4) the number of fatalities throughout the UK reached 2,222 in
2010 — admittedly a dramatic improvement on the previous years, making Britain one of
the safest places in Europe for road safety - a commendable achievement but still
representing a terrible waste of life, nonetheless. These statistics obviously do not include
the ones who survive and are hospitalized, and all in all it's (5) bound to put a strain on
the National Health System. So the onus on the autonomous car is to bring that figure
down significantly. One thing you can be sure about; if more computerized cars are on the
roads, car insurance will certainly be impacted upon - especially if accidents became a thing
of the past. The premium will most likely go down - something which, with things as they
are, is unlikely to happen in the foreseeable future. (6) But what would happen if even with
a million to one chance there was a malfunction? The consequences would be dire as all
cars would be locked together in a close formation moving at the same speed and with an
equal distance separating them; each vehicle moving predictably. On a high-speed free-
way, it would take only one car playing up to cause untold damage. Now, I'd like to turn to
some of the more negative viewpoints of ..
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Exercise 5.19:.
1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
Audioscript:
I = Interviewer P - Psychologist
- I: Now, could you tell us more about what you do in your department? I mean, what
research are you actually doing at the moment?
- P: We're trying to find out as much as we can about dreams. There's one area that
we're particularly interested in at the moment... and that is what we call directed
dreaming.
- I: Directed dreaming. What is that exactly?
- P: Let me explain. You know, sometimes, if you're... having a dream and you wake up
in the middle of it, you can sometimes go back to sleep again and go back to the
dream?
- I: Yes.
- P: Well, that is similar to what we call directed dreaming. Now, what I was talking
about is a fairly common experience, but (1) real directed dreamers are people who
have almost complete control over what they dream because they actually know
what they are dreaming.
- I: They can dream what they want?
- P: Yes... nearly.
- I: Can anyone develop this ability?
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- P: Well, that's one of the things that we would like to find out. At our centre we
have, in fact, got three people who are very reliable and who can have these
directed dreams quite regularly.
- I: And what sort of experiments do you do with them?
- P: Well, a few weeks ago, (2) we thought it would be interesting to see if there was
any way that these three regular dreamers could communicate with each other in a
directed dream while they were sleeping. So one night, we arranged for them all to
stay at the centre. Then, we asked the three of them — er, there were two men and
a woman — we (3) asked them all to go to a pub that they all knew quite well, down
by the river, and asked them, if they started dreaming, to go down there and try to
find each other.
- I: In the dream? Or three dreams?
- P: Yes, so... urn... they all went off to sleep, and the next morning, we interviewed
them all separately and asked them what they had seen. (4) The two men had had
dreams and could remember them, and they both said that they had been to the
pub and had seen each other and had had a talk. But also... urn... both of them said
that they hadn't seen the woman, and we thought that was a bit... urn... a bit odd.
And then... we talked to her, and she told us that she hadn't had a dream at all that
night, or she couldn't remember it anyway.
- I: Fascinating! So, both of the men said she hadn't appeared in their dreams and that
was because she hadn't, in fact, been dreaming.
- P: Yes, though of course it could just be a coincidence, but that's the kind of thing
that we're trying to find out more about.
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-
-
I: Well, thank you very much, Dr. Border. It's been fascinating talking to you.
P: Thank you.
Exercise 5.20:
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B
Audioscript:
Welcome to the latest episode of Film Finest with me, Liz O'Donnell. The films I'll be
reviewing in this episode are What Happens in the Night, the new horror film by acclaimed
director Jan de Neiburg, and Happy as Larry, a new romance comedy starring Harrison
Wyatt and Sonya Smith. Let's start with What Happens in the Night. Set in a convent school
in the 1950s, this film tells the story of two boys who are haunted by apparitions of monks.
The film has the feel of a comic book as it's shot in black and white with occasional shots of
vivid colour. De Neiburg, the director, said he wanted some elements to stand out, and he
has used colour to do it. I would say quite effectively. (1) He claims his inspiration for the
film is his own experiences growing up in 1950s Liverpool.
A believer in ghosts himself, he thought he saw ghosts in his school years. Ghosts or not, this
film is certainly haunting. (2) What Happens in the Night is a film that will scare you. I
wouldn't say it's the best horror film to come out this year, but it's certainly shot beautifully,
and it's not hard to follow. So, unlike some recent horror films, you don't have to sit in
dedicated concentration for two hours trying to keep up with a complex plot! An enjoyable
film, I would give it four stars.
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In Happy as Larry, Sonya Smith and Harrison Wyatt play two people who fall in love but
cannot be together because of their families. The build-up to the film has certainly been
epic, with gossip about both co-stars in the papers. (3) Rumour has it that Smith and Wyatt
aren't the best of friends. In fact, on the set, they barely spoke to each other! I have to
say, though, this doesn't come across in the film and they look like a great couple. Happy as
Larry is a move away from the usual films Sonya makes - she is better known for her roles in
action films - but she has shown herself to be a capable comedy actress. However, I'm not
sure this is the finest film to do it in. Both men and women alike can get something from this
film, but the romance angle is overplayed, and the laughs are few and far between. (4) If
you want romance, this film is fine, but if you want comedy, I would recommend seeing
something else. I would give it three stars.
Now, there are some new video releases which are going to be coming out
Exercise 5.21:
1. D 2. A 3. B
4. B, D 5. A, C 6. A, B
Audioscript:
(1) The 1956 Olympic Games were held in Melbourne from 22nd November until 8th
December and were a huge success, launching the Australian city and, to some extent, the
whole country, on the world stage with a whole new image. The bid process for winning the
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Games started in around 1948, the year of the London Olympic Games. After that, two
former Lord Mayors of Melbourne, convinced that their city could cope with the demands
of staging the world's most famous sporting festival, decided to lobby intensively on behalf
of the city they loved. (2) Funding the trips from their own pockets, without even asking for
help from local taxpayers, local businesses, or the Olympic Committee, they set off on a
long-drawn-out tour that was eventually to take in 15 countries, concentrating particularly
on Commonwealth and European countries. When they were lobbying members of the
Olympic Committee, who would be voting to decide which city secured the 1956 Games, (4)
the main advantages they pushed were the city's planned new international airport, the
large amount of space available to stage the Olympics, and the agreeable south
hemisphere climate, but it was the latter two factors that really swayed the Olympic
Committee voters.
At the Games themselves, Australian athletes achieved extraordinary success, (5) third in
the medal table only to the USA and USSR, eclipsing sporting superpowers like East
Germany.
The Melbourne Olympic Games were a genuine sporting success and of long-term benefit to
the city itself. (6) The event proved to be a magnet for hundreds of thousands of visitors
during and after the Games, with the city's already excellent transport infrastructure
impressing people from all over the world. The Games were also an exceptional
advertisement for Australian goods and services and the tourism industry.
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Exercise 5.22:
1. C 2. D 3. C
4. B, D 5. A, D 6. A, C 7. B, D
Audioscript:
Before we finish assembly, just a word about the job-seeker services the school offers. (1)
As you know, as students of vocational courses, you have exclusive access to our job-
seeker services. You are required to find a part-time job as part of your skills in the
Community course, and we provide you with an information service. (2) You have probably
already seen the information desk, where you can find the list of jobs, next to room 101,
just along the corridor from the careers advisor's office. The job-seeker centre, as we call
the desk, is staffed, that is open for business, (3) from 10:00 in the morning till 4:00 in the
afternoon.
The job-seeker centre is open almost every weekday of the year. (4) Understandably, on
New Year's Day, it will be closed, but otherwise the service is available any time during the
school holidays, but we've found there's no point being there during everyone's favourite
time of the year, exam time, so we give it a break then.
The information desk has cards with limited information about jobs, but you won't find a list
of qualifications or the hourly rates there. Don't forget most of these jobs don't require
many qualifications. (5) The cards feature a brief description of what the job involves and
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the hours the employer wants you to work. The jobs advisor at the desk can give you
limited help. Once you've taken a card, though, the ball's in your court. (6) You have to take
down the information and call the prospective employer yourself; we can't hold your
hand through that. Don't expect to find your dream job immediately. Hollywood acting jobs
are pretty thin on the ground, and even the jobs you might expect to be readily available,
like hotel work and cleaning jobs, will most likely prove elusive, to say the least. (7) Our
experience tells us that you are most likely to secure employment helping to look after
children or manual labour, not quite the cushiest of numbers, but they're good experience
anyway.
Exercise 5.23:
1. D 2. C 3. D
4. B 5. B
Audioscript:
(1) Last call for passenger Roberts flying to Bangkok on flight BD-221. Please note your 14:35
flight is due to depart in ten minutes. Please go to departure gate 42 immediately.
Starline flight number (2) SL-525S flying to Kiev departing at 14:55 is now boarding at gate
8.
This is an announcement for passengers on Moondance Airlines flying to Chengdu. Flight
MA-354 departing at 15:30. (3) Your flight has been delayed and will now be taking off at
16:20. Please go to gate 45 thirty minutes before the rescheduled departure time.
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Announcing the departure of Voldavia Airlines flight VD-624 flying to Saint Peters-burg.
Would passengers please proceed to gate 39? This flight is now boarding for take-off at
16:10. (4) Scheduled arrival is at 20:10. We regret to announce that due to rerouting to
avoid inclement weather conditions, the flight is now scheduled to arrive at 20:40.
Airport announcement to all passengers: please make sure you pay your airport tax before
going through immigration. This can be paid at the airport tax counters or at machines just
to the left of immigration. (5) Airport tax for international flights is 9 dollars and 5 dollars
for domestic flights. Thank you.
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Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling
Exercise 6.1:
1. boat hire station
2. children's playground
3. cafe
Audioscript:
- Christine: Let's meet an hour early. We can catch up on all the gossip before your
match begins.
- John: All right, Chris. It's been a while since we last met.
- Christine: Shall we meet up at the same place as last time? John: Oh, I know where
you mean, down by the lake.
- Christine: Yeah, that's right. It's a nice place to wait and there are plenty of seats.
- John: Yes, I remember sitting on one for over half an hour waiting for you and I
missed the start of the match. To make things worse, the coach made me sit on the
bench for the rest of the game.
- Christine: I did say I was sorry. I'm sure it wasn't that long and any-way it's a big lake
and as I said there are a lot of seats.
- John: This time I think we should meet near that ice cream kiosk. It's really central.
You won't miss me there.
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- Christine: What if I turn up first? There is always a crowd of kids hanging around
there and nowhere to sit.
- John: Okay, how about if we meet up nearer the football pitch? There's a place for
boat hire where you can wait.
- Christine: Oh no, not by the ( 1 ) boat hire station. I don't like the man who runs it
very much. He always seems so bad-tempered. I'd rather keep out of his way.
- John: Well, there's a rose garden to the right of the lake as you walk towards the
north entrance. It's nice and quiet there.
- Christine: When did you last go to the park? The rose garden has been dug up and
replaced by a (2) children's playground.
- John: Well, we haven't had a match there in ages. If you know the place so well, why
don't you tell me?
- Christine: Tell you what! Why don't we meet up at the entrance? There's a nice
place we can sit and have a drink. It's not really a restaurant - more of a (3) café but
they serve light lunches and the coffee is excellent.
- John: Sounds like a plan. See you tomorrow then.
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Exercise 6.2:
1. TV lounge 2. kitchen 3. Office
Audioscript:
- Mr Griffiths: Hello. I wonder if you could help me.
- Receptionist: Yes, of course, sir. It's Mr Griffiths. isn't it?
- Mr Griffiths: Yes, that's right. I phoned this morning to confirm my booking. Was it
you on the other end?
- Receptionist: No. it was my colleague but she passed on the details. So what can I do
for you apart from giving you your key?
- Mr Griffiths: That won't be necessary. I checked in an hour earlier than I anticipated
and got it from another member of staff.
- Receptionist: That must have been while I was on my break. I hope your room is
comfortable.
- Mr Griffiths: It's fine, but I need to know a bit about your breakfast arrangements as
I need to get up early tomorrow.
- Receptionist: Well, the breakfast room is the first door on your left as you come
through the entrance. During weekdays, breakfast is served from 7 to 8.30 but it's
extended to 9.30 at the weekend. You have a choice of a continental style or a full
English breakfast which comes straight from the adjoining (2) kitchen. If you want
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to dine in. we serve both lunch and dinner in the dining room which is on the first
floor overlooking the swimming pool.
- Mr Griffiths: Thanks. I might have dinner here but I'm afraid I won't have much time
to use all of your facilities. I've heard that your sauna and Jacuzzi are good. Are they
open until late?
- Receptionist: Yes, they close at half past nine every evening and there is a masseur
and personal trainer on hand to help. If you fancy sitting in the (1) TV lounge and
watching a film, it's just across from where we are standing now in the foyer — to
your right.
- Mr Griffiths: That sounds good. Have you got a plan of the hotel? I'd like to have a
look around later.
- Receptionist: Oh. I'm terribly sorry. There should be one in your room, sir. I won't be
a minute. There are some in the (3) office behind reception. Here you are.
- Mr Griffiths: Thanks. Are those the toilets over there in the corner?
- Receptionist: Yes, that's right. If you need anything else don't hesitate to ask.
- Mr Griffiths: Thank you very much. You've been most helpful.
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Exercise 6.3:
1. 6th-form College 2. grocer's (shop)
Audioscript:
- Susan: Excuse me. I don't know my way around here very well. I'm trying to get to
Derwent Crescent but I'm having trouble with my navigator.
- Kevin: Well, that's not too difficult. Drive towards the roundabout and you will see
the Leisure Centre on your left. It's a big, concrete building surrounded by football
pitches. Ugly-looking thing.
- Susan: Right. And then?
- Kevin: The turning on the left will take you past the local (1) Sixth Form College
which used to be a secondary school. I used to go there years ago. You can get to
your road that way but it is a much longer route.
- Susan: Someone told me that it's at the end of the road with the supermarket. Is that
on the roundabout?
- Kevin: Yes, it is but you'd be going completely the wrong way. It's a good job you
asked me. You could have been going around in circles for ages. It's better to go
straight ahead until you come to the bridge. Cross over and you'll pass a small (2)
grocer's shop on your right, keep going and you'll see the level crossing directly in
front of you. All you need to do is follow that road for a couple of hundred metres
and Derwent Crescent is the second turning on your left.
- Susan: Great. Thanks a lot.
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Exercise 6.4:
1. D 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. C 6.H
Audioscript:
Now, let's look at the attractions. As you leave the gift shop you will notice that there is a
(1) Ticket Office opposite. This is not so for the Fairfax Road entrance as this one only
admits advance bookings. When you turn left coming out, there is a main road which goes
across a bridge. This leads to the African Village where you can find food and gift stalls and
toilets, and there is also an entertainment programme, for which you can see a timetable on
the back of your brochures. If you turn left on the main road rather than heading for African
Village, you will pass the Children's Play Area which is across the river on your right. To your
left, there is an area where the zebras used to be kept but it has become the home of our
new herd of (2) giraffes, which have settled in very well. They are fairly tame and will come
up to you but it is not permitted to feed them.
Further along the same road, you will come to a bridge. If you were to cross at this point,
you would find that there is a (3) Picnic Area on your right. If you'd rather eat at a café,
you'll need to go to the village, which is about a fifteen-minute walk from the bridge. If you
stay on the main road and don't cross the bridge, you will also come across the (4)
Crocodile Pit which was only introduced last August and has proven to be very popular,
especially at feeding time. From there, you can pay a visit to the Botanical Gardens which
contain diverse plant species from all over the world. You might want CO follow one of the
various trails: each one is themed according to its continent.
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After the Botanical Gardens, you come to a crossroads of sorts from where you can either
turn south, in which case you will come across the (5) monkeys in our wooded area —
mainly chimpanzees and orangutans but you may see a few spider monkeys if you're lucky.
Or, if you go westwards, you can be entertained by the antics of the dolphins and killer
whales at Dolphin World. There are three daily performances, the details of which are
shown in your brochure. This is not included in the overall price and you will have to
purchase another ticket separately from the ticket booth as you go in. Another area which
has proven popular, with little and big kids alike (laughter), is (6) the Small Animal Area,
which you'll come to if you follow the path around past Dolphin World. Here you can feed
and pick up the animals. However, there are plans to scale it down and create safari-themed
rides in part of this area sometime next year. This has been met with a mixed reception and
we would appreciate any feedback on this matter on the forms provided. Finally, on the
other side of the river, you can see a variety of African wildlife including lions, rhinos and
deer. Well, that's about it. Now, has anybody got any questions?
Exercise 6.5:
1. 125 kilometres
2. heat shield
3. sky crane
4. rover
Audioscript:
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So far, so good. So we've seen that the rover design has made palpable progress over the
last three decades. We must ask ourselves what the future holds for these pioneers of
Martian exploration. Well, many of you are probably aware that the latest rover, the
Curiosity, was launched from the NASA base in Cape Canaveral last weekend. At this point
you may be asking yourself what's the point? After all, the Opportunity is still functioning
perfectly well and there is no reason to assume that it is going to malfunction in the near
future. And so, inevitably, there will be those who may think that this programme is just a
waste of taxpayers' money. Or even perhaps a mere publicity stunt. Obviously, they have
not been filled in with all of the details because this project has, in truth, so much more
going for it than any of its predecessors. Firstly, it is less of a rover and more of a science
laboratory. And, unlike its diminutive predecessors, it's the size of a small car and is packed
with scientific equipment. When compared to the previous generation of rovers, it is five
times as massive and is able to carry ten times the weight. We can only imagine the huge
amounts of data it will be able to harvest from its surroundings. It may even pave the way
for manned missions to Mars and future colonisation. Of course, we can only speculate at
this point but, it is worth noting that in terms of human history it wasn't that long ago that
the first men landed on the Moon.
As I said, it is far bigger than any of its predecessors which presented the designers with one
outstanding challenge: its landing. Now, the smaller rovers used an airbag system which
allowed them to bounce unharmed onto the surface. This was fine for something of their
size but would be insufficient for the Curiosity, so that meant that scientists had to devise a
brand new landing system from scratch. In order to land, the craft needs to position itself
approximately (1) 125 kilometres above the planet's surface. At this stage, the rover is
safely cocooned in its aeroshell which is in turn housed within a shield designed to absorb
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the fierce heat of atmospheric entry. Next, the (2) heat shield is jettisoned leaving the (3)
sky crane, still in the aeroshell to slowly descend by parachute with the (4) rover
suspended from cables. At about 10 kilometres altitude a parachute opens slowing the
descent, and, finally, less than 2 kilometres before touchdown, the aeroshell is ejected and
the rover is gently lowered to the surface by the sky crane, the cables are cut by small
explosive charges and the sky crane flies away to crash well clear of the rover. So, let's say
that the rover lands safely; it then has to go through a series of checks which last for several
days before it can function as a laboratory. Initially, all communication connections have to
be checked and the exact location has to be verified. Ideally, it should land somewhere in
the Gale crater which contains some of the most accessible sedimentary deposits, which are
ideal for scientific analysis. Now, what do they expect to discover in this crater? Well, based
on the other evidence...
Exercise 6.6:
1. carbon dioxide
2. erode
3. natural water bodies/ rivers and oceans
4. reacts
5. volcanic eruptions
Audioscript:
The amount of carbon dioxide gas produced is regulated by the car-bon-silicate cycle, which
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is intrinsically linked to the tectonic movements of our planet - which are incidentally
lubricated by large bodies of water such as seas and oceans. We're talking here about earth-
quakes and volcanoes and any other activity which involves the tectonic plates. To put it in
a nutshell, the cycle begins with the (1) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere entering water
vapour in the clouds. which eventually falls to Earth in the form of precipitation. The rain
water itself is turned to a weak solution of (2) carbonic acid, which gradually starts to
erode the carbonate and silicate rocks with which it comes in contact. Subsequently, the
direct result of this erosion is the production of calcium, biocarbonate and silica, which are
deposited (3) into natural water bodies such as rivers and oceans by the rain. These
minerals are subsequently absorbed into the shells of sea organisms and become calcium
carbonate. When these creatures die, their shells descend to the sea bed and it is at the
point where tectonic plates crash together that (4) this calcium carbonate enters the
molten mantle where it reacts with other silicate minerals and causes carbon dioxide gas
to (5) emerge through volcanic eruptions and other vents.
Exercise 6.7:
1. incoming solar
2. reflected
3. greenhouse gases
4. c
Audioscript:
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So, the carbon-silicate cycle; what part does it play in global warming? Well, it's simply this:
it acts as a giant blanket around the Earth. What happens is the radiation from the sun
reaches the Earth and is absorbed into the ground. You can see it labelled on the
PowerPoint diagram as (1) incoming solar radiation. It isn't all absorbed, though. As you
can see, much of this incoming radiation fails to reach the surface and (2) is reflected away
from the atmosphere instead. This means it is deflected harmlessly out into space,
therefore maintaining the radiation in the atmosphere to its optimum level. You will also
have noticed a group of arrows pointing in opposite directions. These represent the passage
of infrared radiation through the atmosphere. A certain amount of (3) this is trapped by the
greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, as well as being emitted from the surface. In
this way the heat from the sun is effectively harnessed by our planet rendering our world
inhabitable. Now, let's return to our first point about what makes a planet habit-able. So far
we've seen that the planet has to be situated in a suitable solar system in the habitable
zone. With this criteria fulfilled, it must also have sufficient water or something which
equates to it and a way of perpetuating the production of greenhouse gases in order to trap
the heat from the sun. Looking at our own solar system and at our neighbouring planets
Venus and Mars which are also in our zone, we realise that fulfilling the conditions is not
that simple - neither of these have an active tectonic system. Greenhouse gases on Venus
have run amok leaving it unbearably hot. The evidence of past vol-canic activity is apparent
across its whole surface but the water which once most probably existed has evaporated a
long time ago. meaning that the tectonic plates are locked together lacking the sys-tem of
lubrication brought about by large bodies of water such as seas and oceans.
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Mars. on the other hand, is a frozen planet whose core has cooled and can no longer power
the movement of the tectonic plates. (4) It is similar to Venus in the way that it lacks liquid
water -although there is speculation that some may exist in the ice caps. But unlike Venus, it
has an extremely thin atmosphere which affords little protection to its surface and leaves it
vulnerable to extensive erosion. So we are all alone in this solar system but how about
further afield?
Exercise 6.8:
1. cabins 2. tents 3. cooking area
Audioscript:
The Health and Education Summer Camp in the county of Cork in southern Ireland is ideal
for young people who would like to learn new sports and activities. It has a beautiful
location near a river and occupies five acres.
The camp has two types of accommodation; tents and cabins, both of which are modern
and comfortable. (1) The cabins are by the river, and (2) the tents are on higher ground,
away from the river and next to the washrooms. There are two washroom blocks, fully
equipped with showers as well as toilets.
We also have facilities for cooking here. We provide all the pots, pans and utensils. (3) All
cooking is done in the cooking area, which is situated in the centre of the camp. This gives
the camp a real social focal point.
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Exercise 6.9:
1. Bowling alley 2. Park 3. (Elm Tree) Café
4. Swimming baths 5. Leisure centre
Audioscript:
- Sophie: Hi, Jane. How are you settling in to life in university?
- Jane: Fine, except I don't really know what there is to do in town. I haven't had time
to look around yet. You've been here for a year - could you give me some ideas?
- Sophie: Of course! There's lots of places for students. (1) Firstly, if you go across the
bridge over the river outside the campus and turn left ... Oh no, sorry, that's the
garage ... turn right, then you'll get to the bowling alley, which is really popular at
the weekends because it's so close to the campus. On Friday nights, they have a
special discount for students.
- Jane: Oh, that's great! I love bowling.
- Sophie: So,... do you like sports, Jane?
- Jane: Yes, I go running and swimming, and I play badminton.
- Sophie: In that case, there's a running track behind the university campus, and I
think they have a badminton court at the sports centre.
- Jane: Actually, I'm happy just to run in the park.
- Sophie: Well, there's a large park in town, too. (2) If you go down the road opposite
the bowling alley and take the first right, then you'll get to the park. It's quite big,
and there's a lake in it. You can take a boat out on it. The university rowing team
practise there.
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- Jane: What about places to eat out? Are there any good student hang-outs?
- Sophie: Absolutely. (3) There's the Elm Tree Café, which is down the road from the
post office in the opposite direction from the river. The café is on a fork in the main
road, and it's quite an institution round here.
- Jane: OK, well, VII have to check it out. I'm looking for a part-time job, so maybe I'll
be able to find work there.
- Sophie: Mm, you should try - they're always looking for new staff and they often hire
students. Now, have I forgotten any other important places? (4) Oh yes, you like
sport, so I should mention the leisure centre. Don't get it confused with the
swimming baths, which are down the road from the supermarket. (5) The leisure
centre is opposite. There aren't any swimming baths there, but you can get a
student leisure card which will let you into both. So, you see, there is quite a lot to
do in this town.
- Jane: It seems like there is. Well, thanks for all the information, Sophie.
- Sophie: No problem. See you soon.
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Exercise 6.10:
1. Being suspicious/Suspicious of people 2. Beliefs and values
3. listen 4. Isolation
Audioscript:
Today, I'd like to continue from last week's lecture by looking at what helps people
successfully integrate into a new culture. Whereas the reasons for migration are nowadays
fairly easy to identify and largely related to employment opportunities or political instability,
the factors behind being able to adapt to the new culture and create a new life are
considerably more complex. Let's start with an overview of the issues as shown on this
diagram. Starting on the left of the diagram, there are two lists of factors: internal and
external. (1) It's important to notice that the internal factors, in other words, those based
on an individual's personality, are divided into positive factors - trusting others and
acknowledging that people are different, and negative - being afraid and being suspicious
of people. You might think that the list of negative factors would include discrimination, but
it doesn't because discrimination comes under the larger category of fear. Now, what you
should also notice is that the external factors are not labelled in this way. It's much more
difficult to know how to measure the affects of external factors and whether they actually
are external or not. (2) The influence of family relationships, climate, beliefs and values,
and the ability to communicate in the language of the new culture have wide ranging
effects which are difficult to measure and can distort any research.
Now focus on the centre of the diagram, and you'll see this phrase: 'Coping strategies'. This
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is important because studies have shown that people who integrate well into a new culture,
and that is any culture by the way, are those who have eradicated any negativity, and made
positive choices, and adopted coping strategies such as (3) observing people and taking
time to listen and ask questions in order to diminish the effects of culture shock. What we
have observed is that people who demonstrate positive coping strategies such as
observing, listening, and questioning end up by understanding the host culture better and
integrating quicker and more successfully. However, those who choose to be critical of the
differences, and therefore react negatively to the host culture, are likely to have increased
feelings of alienation. (4) This alienation can tail off and become the beginning of
acceptance if a person has some positive experiences, but it usually deteriorates quickly
into isolation.
Exercise 6.11:
1. Digital 2. Durable 3. Side supports
Audioscript:
- Salesman: Thank you for taking the time to see me today, Mr Jones. I'd just like to
take a minute to outline our new step machines.
- Mr Jones: No problem, I'm interested in getting a few. We don't have any in the gym
yet.
- Salesman: That's great. Well, let me talk you through the build of the step machine.
If you have a look at the sales brochure, you can see what they look like on page 14.
- Mr Jones: OK.
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- Salesman: These machines are two metres tall, so they tend to stand out. The tallest
part is the holding frame. At the top there we have the main grips. These grips, when
they are held, monitor heart rate so that the user can check they are working out at
their optimum heart rate.
- Mr Jones: That's great. And where does this rate show up?
- Salesman: They'll be able to see it on the screen below. (1) This screen is fully digital
and shows not only their heart rate, but the number of steps they've taken and the
distance they've travelled. On the panel there, they also have a selection of
workouts. They can set it by distance, or time, or by the amount of calories they
want to burn. They can even set it to climb a famous mountain or hill, or walk up the
Leaning Tower of Pisa, for example!
- Mr Jones: That's great, I like those more fun settings.
- Salesman: And the great thing is you can have people climbing up Mount Everest, for
example, every day for ten years, and this machine will still be in perfect working
order. It's made to last. It not only has a metallic spine, but (2) durable pedals made
from the most high-tech materials on the market.
- Mr Jones: And the machine works via a wheel in the centre? That's unusual, isn't it?
- Salesman: Yes, it is, but we find a central wheel lasts much longer than a pump
system. The central wheel is attached to a bracket which ensures each step
movement is as smooth as the last. (3) The final feature I should point out to you is
the side supports, which ensure safety for all machine users. If users feel tired, they
can hold on to these and slow down their stepping!
- Mr Jones: I see! Well, I think I might take three of them.
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Exercise 6.12:
1 central 2 dialect 3 language
4 official 5 quickly
Audioscript:
- Stephanie: Right, Harry, Rob, shall we get started on this presentation for European
Studies?
- Rob: Well, how about if I start by talking about the (1) central regions of Spain,
where most people speak Spanish?
- Harry: Good idea. It's important we make it clear that the majority of the population
use Spanish as their main language. Then, I can introduce the Galician accent of the
north-west.
- Stephanie: (2) But isn't Galician more of a dialect?
- Harry: Oh yes, you're right.
- Stephanie: We've got to get our terminology correct because Spain is complicated in
terms of languages and dialects and accents. (3) How about we then move across to
the north-east, and I give details on the Basque language, and how it's different from
Spanish.
- Rob: That seems logical, Stephanie. Do you also want to mention the other language
in the north-east? It's Catalan, isn't it?
- Stephanie: (4) Yes. In fact, we should say it's the official language of the region to
show how important it is.
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- Rob: So, what am I going to present?

- Harry: We need to include something about accents and speaking styles, don't we?
- Rob: Of course. (5) I could explain the difficulties of understanding the accent in the
south due to the fact that the locals speak quickly.
- Stephanie: Excellent! Well, I think that covers everything. Shall we meet tomorrow
to practise our presentation?
Exercise 6.13:
1. B 2. E 3. G
4. C 5. A
Audioscript:
- Student: OK, thanks. How can I get from here to Hackney, then?
- Man: Right, well you can choose. We're here at the information office, OK? Now,
next to us, (1) on the corner of the High Street and Sweet Street is the bus stop,
opposite the bank. The bus goes all the way to Hackney but it is a very indirect route
so it could take ages. (2) If you want to take the train, walk down the high street
towards the city, go past the bank and on your left is the station, just before you
get to the post office. There's a mainline service to Hackney Wick so, if you need to
get into the centre of Hackney, you may need to pick up a bus when you get there.
(3) Opposite the post office, on the corner of Heart Lane is the tube entrance—
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you'll see the big signs. That's probably the best way to get there, though you may
have to change. It's probably best if you go and get a travel card first. (4) To get to
the ticket office, you go out of here onto the high street. Then turn into South
Street and the ticket office is on your right opposite the cinema. Of course, you may
decide it's quicker to take a taxi. But. it's a long way so I think it'll be very expensive.
(5) If you do want to get a cab. Then the rank is outside here just opposite the
office.
Exercise 6.14:
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. D
Audioscript:
Now if I can just show on this wall map here where they all are, you might like to go and
have a look round. (1) If you come into the main university entrance, at the first 'unction,
you'll find that the Brown Hall is on the corner, opposite the theatre. So you're nice and
near the station here — though I think it can get a bit noisy with traffic. The same applies to
(2) Blake Residence, which is directly facing the junction to the university entrance. These
Halls are often used by medical students and such like as they're out all day so don't notice
the noise. Anyway, (3) if you then walk along Campus Road towards the main Circle, you'll
see the library on the corner and Queens Building is just past that as you head north. You
will find that it is quieter here and you may get fewer visitors! By the way the Circle is quite
a feature of the campus as it's set into the hills and has a brand new sports centre in the
middle — it's worth going to look around it.
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Now, (4) the Parkway Flats are on the opposite corner to the library, facing the Circle, as
you head towards the main buildings. The main buildings are only about a 5-minute walk
from here and places in these Halls go quickly so my advice is to reserve your place as soon
as possible. (5) Then Temple Rise is inside the Circle, next to the sports centre, but further
from the main University buildings. Now, if you'd like to go off and ...
Exercise 6.15:
1.F 2.G 3.D 4. H 5.C
6.A
Audioscript:
Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm. The building where you bought
your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right, and we're now at the beginning of
the main path to the farmland - and of course the car park is on your left. (1) The scarecrow
you can see in the car park in the corner, beside the main path, is a traditional figure for
keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture. It's taller
than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.
(2) If you look ahead of you, you'll see a maze. It's opposite the New Barn, beside the side
path that branches off to the right just over there. The maze is made out of hedges which
are too tall for young children to see over them, but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in
it! Now, can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path? (3) If you
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want to go to the café, qo towards the bridge and turn right just before it. Walk along the
side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to. The building was originally the
schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.
As you may know, we run skills workshops here, where you can learn traditional crafts like
woodwork and basket-making. You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone
about the courses, in the Black Barn. (4) If you take the side path to the right. Here, just by
the New Barn, you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.
Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought
your lunch with you. You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.
(5) Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area, there's one near the farmyard: just after you
cross the bridge, there's a covered picnic spot on the right.
(6) And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself. From here you can cross the bridge
then walk along the footpath through the field to the left of the farmyard. That goes to the
house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it. It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's
a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.
Right. Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.
Exercise 6.16:
1. G 2. D 3. B 4. F
Audioscript:
228 | P a g e
Now, a word about the layout of the building. The auditorium, stage and dressing rooms for
the actors are all below ground level. Here on the ground floor we have most of the rooms
that the public doesn't see. The majority are internal, so they have windows in the roof to
light them.
(1) Standing here in the foyer, you're probably wondering why the box office isn't here,
where the public would expect to find it. Well, you might have noticed it on your way in -
although it's part of this building, it's next door, with a separate entrance from the road.
(2) For the theatre manager's office, you go across the foyer and through the double doors,
turn right, and it's the room at the end of the corridor, with the door on the left.
(3) The lighting box is where the computerised stage lighting is operated, and it's at the back
of the building. When you're through the double doors, turn left, turn right at the water
cooler, and right again at the end. It's the second room along that corridor. The lighting box
has a window into the auditorium, which of course is below us.
(4) The artistic director's office is through the double doors, turn right, and it's the first room
you come to on the right-hand side. And finally, for the moment, the room where I'll take
you next - the relaxation room. So if you'd like to come with me ...
Exercise 6.17:
1. F 2. H 3. C 4. B
Ucalearn.com
Audioscript:
OK, that was something about the collections, and now here some more practical
information, in case you need it. Most of the museum facilities are downstairs, in the
basement, so you go down the stairs here. When you reach the bottom of the stairs, you'll
find yourself in a sitting area, with comfortable chairs and sofas where you can have a rest
before continuing your exploration of the museum.
(1) We have a very good restaurant, which serves excellent food all day, in a relaxing
atmosphere. To reach it, when you get to the bottom of the stairs, go straight ahead to the
far side of the sitting area, then turn right into the corridor. You'll see the door of the
restaurant facing you.
(2) If you just want a snack, or if you'd like to eat somewhere with facilities for children, we
also have a café. When you reach the bottom of the stairs, you'll need to go straight ahead,
turn, right into the corridor, and the café is immediately on the right.
(3) And talking about children, there are baby-changing facilities downstairs: cross the
sitting area, continue straight ahead along the corridor on the left, and you and your baby
will find the facilities on the left-hand side.
(4) The cloakroom, where you should leave coats, umbrellas and any large bags, is on the
left hand side of the sitting area. It's through the last door before you come to the corridor.
There are toilets on every floor, but in the basement they're the first rooms on the left when
you get down there.
OK, now if you've got anything to leave in the cloakroom, please do that now, and then we'll
start our tour.
229 | P a g e
Exercise 6.18:
1. A 2. I 3. F 4. E
Audioscript:
And finally I'd like to tell you about our new wildlife area, Hinchingbrooke Park, which will
be opened to the public next month. This slide doesn't really indicate how big it is, but
anyway, you can see the two gates into the park, and the main paths. (1) As you can see,
there's a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it at the end of
a path. So it'll be a nice quiet place for watching the birds on the lake.
(2) Fairly close to where refreshments are available, there's a dog-walking area in the
southern part of the park, leading off from the path. And if you just want to sit and relax, (3)
you can go to the flower garden; that's the circular area on the map surrounded by paths.
(4) And finally, there's a wooded area in the western section of the park, between two paths
Okay, that's enough from me, so let's go on to ...
Ucalearn.com
230 | P a g e

Master Ielts Listening

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Master Ielts Listening

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Tài Liệu Luyện Dạng Bài IELTS Listening

EXERCISE + TAPESCRIPT + AUDIO

1.1 Letter ............................................................................................................ 4

1.2 Number ............................................................................................................ 8

2.1. Form Completion ......................................................................................... 23

2.2. Sentence Completion .................................................................................. 37

2.3. Table Completion ......................................................................................... 41

2.4 Summary/Note/Flow-chart Completion ....................................................... 48

Short- Answer ................................................................................................ 55

Matching information .............................................................................. 60

Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling ................................................................. 87

AUDIOSCRIPT ...................................................................................................... 103

Letter & Number ................................................................................................... 103

1.1 Letter............................................................................................................ 103

1.2 Number ........................................................................................................ 107

Gap-Filling ............................................................................................................ 122

2.1. Form Completion ....................................................................................... 122

2.2. Sentence Completion ................................................................................ 144

2.3. Table Completion ....................................................................................... 152

2.4 Summary/Note/Flow-chart Completion ..................................................... 167

Short- Answer ....................................................................................................... 177

Matching information ........................................................................................... 186

Multiple Choices ................................................................................................... 200

Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling .............................................................................. 218

Lời Nói Đầu

Chúc các bạn học & ôn luyện thật tốt.

Letter & Number

Exercise 1.1.0: Listening for English Alphabet

Exercise 1.1.1: Practice listening for letters

1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

Exercise 1.1.2: Practice listening for letters

1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

Exercise 1.1.3: Practice listening for letters:

1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

Exercise 1.1.4: Write down the street names you hear

1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

Exercise 1.1.6: Listen to some common abbreviations and write them

1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

1………………………. 2………………………. 3……………………….

Exercise 1.1.8: Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:

A: What's Joseph's last name?

B: His last name is (1)……………………….

A: Sony, what's your name again?

B: OK, my first name is (2)………………………. and my last name is

A: Excuse me, what's her name?

B: (4)………………………. and her last name is spelled (5)……………………….

A: What is Ms. Smith's first name?

B: It's spelled (6)……………………….

A: Who is the man in the middle?

Exercise 1.1.9: Listen to the conversation and answer the questions:

Exercise 1.2.1: Write down the numbers you hear

1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

1………………………. 2. ………………………. 3. ………………………. 4. ……………………….

1………………………. 2. ………………………. 3. ………………………. 4. ……………………….

Exercise 1.2.5: Write down the numbers you hear

1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

Exercise 1.2.6: Write down the numbers you hear

1………………… 2…………………… 3…………………… 4………………… 5…………………

Exercise 1.2.7: Listen and complete the sentences.

1. My phone number is …………………………….

2. Call this number for more information: …………………………….

3. For our store hours and locations, please call: …………………………….

4. Hurry! Call this number and win $1,000: …………………………….