Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga
Peninsula

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Science Grade 10
Quarter 4 - Module 7A
Collision Theory and the
Factors Affecting the Rates
of Chemical Reactions:
Catalyst and
Temperature

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:

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Modul
e Collision Theory and the
7A Factors Affecting the Rates of
Chemical Reactions: Catalyst
and Temperature

What I Need to Know

This module is prepared to facilitate your understanding and
learning of some of the essential concepts and explain how the
factors affecting rates of chemical reactions are applied in food preservation
and materials production, control of fire, pollution, and corrosion (S10MT-
IVh-j-24). The primary goal of this module is to engage you in
simple interactive activities to explore concepts related to chemical
reaction and how it is being applied to real-life situations.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe Collision Theory;

2. Discuss how temperature and catalyst affect the rate of
chemical reactions;
3. Explain how temperature and catalyst are applied in food
preservation and materials production, control of fire, pollution,
and corrosion

Among the questions, most people ask about the daily

occurrences in life: Why does raising the temperature shorten the
cooking time? Why does a log of wood take a longer time to burn
than small pieces of wood? Why do fruits ripen when kept in a
warm place? Why does a baker put yeast in baking? How does
yeast help in fermentation, specifically in winemaking?

What does a chemical reaction rate tell you? It tells you how
fast the reaction takes place. What factors cause chemical reaction
rates? Factors that affect the chemical reaction rate include
temperature and catalyst.

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 What’s In
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Activity 1A: When Collision Takes Place

Direction: Complete the table by indicating whether each of the scenarios
would increase or decrease the rate of chemical reaction.

Scenario Increase or Decrease

1. Increasing the temperature

2. Decreasing the temperature

3. Adding an enzyme/ catalyst

4. Decreasing the enzyme/ catalyst

5. Lower the activation energy

Activity IB.
Direction. Complete the table by indicating what factor would have the
most significant impact on a chemical reaction rate. Write the word
catalyst and temperature.

Scenario Factor that has a great

impact on the rate of
chemical reaction

1. Carbohydrates are broken down

in the small intestine by the
enzymes sucrase and lactase.
2. Increasing the temperature while
cooking.
3. Blowing air on fire to help it keep
going.
4. In a polluted atmosphere where
sulfur dioxide concentration is high,
calcium carbonates deteriorate more
rapidly than in less polluted air.
5. Putting food inside the
refrigerator to prevent it from
spoiling.

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 What’s New
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These simple science activities describe how collision theory takes place
and demonstrate how catalyst and temperature affect the rate of
chemical reaction.

Activity 2A: When Particles Collide..

Task: Analysis of molecular representation of collision theory

Source: http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3082/3156859/blb1404/bl14fg16.jpg
accessed: Oct.29, 2014

Source: http://i.ytimg.com/vi/OkGzaSOkyf4/maxresdefault.jpg (accessed: Oct.29, 2014) The

illustrations above show the effective and ineffective collision of molecules
to effect a chemical reaction.

Guide Questions:
1. What causes a chemical reaction? ( 1pt.)

2. What must happen for a chemical reaction to take place? (2 pts.)

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3. Describe an effective chemical reaction resulting to a formation
of products. (2 pts.)

Activity 2B: Relax, Have a Coffee Break

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Materials Needed:

2 Sachets Coffee powder

2 Cups
Coldwater
Hot water
2 tsp sugar
2 tsp of milk Hot Coffee Cold Coffee

Procedure:

1. Pour the coffee into the cups. (Hot water for Cup A and Cold
Water for Cup B). Pour 1 tsp of sugar and milk in each cup
2. Stir the contents of Cup A and do not stir the contents of Cup B
3. Taste the mixture in each cup.

Guide Questions:

1. Which coffee mixture tastes better? Why? (2 pts.)

2. Does temperature affects the taste of the mixture? Why? (2 pts)

3. Does stirring affect the taste of the mixture? Why? (2 pts)

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 Activity 2C.
Let’s Make Some Bubbles!

Materials Needed:

Transparent Glass
• 3% Hydrogen Peroxide ( Agua Oxinada)
• Detergent solution
(Mix 1tsp of detergent powder/liquid to 2 tsp. of water)
• Yeast
• Dropper
• Popsicle stick

Procedure:

1. Add 10 ml of hydrogen peroxide to a transparent glass. Add 1

drop of detergent solution. Stir gently and watch the solution
for bubbling.
2. Use the end of the Popsicle stick to add a small amount of
yeast to the hydrogen peroxide. Stir the solution.
3. Observe the solution.

Guide Questions:

1. What will happen to the hydrogen peroxide if you add the yeast to
it? (2 pts)

2. What is the catalyst in the activity? (2 pts)

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 What is it

COLLISION THEORY

Collision theory explains how the collision between reactant

molecules may or may not result in a successful chemical
reaction. There must be an effective collision of particles for a
chemical reaction to take place. Based on this theory, not all
collisions between the molecules result in the formation of
products. Effective collisions between molecules, which result
in the formation of products, only occur when the following
two conditions are met:

(a) the colliding molecules should possess minimum

kinetic energy, known as activation energy, to start a
chemical reaction.
(b) the reactant molecules should be in the correct
orientation when they collide

In 1888 Svante Arrhenius suggested that particles must

possess. A certain minimum amount of kinetic energy to
react. The energy diagram is shown below.

Energy diagrams are used to analyze the energy changes

that occur during a chemical reaction. The energy of the
reactants must be raised over an energy barrier.
Activation energy is the energy required to initiate a reaction and force the
reactants to form an activated complex.

The activated complex is located at the peak of the energy

diagram for a reaction.

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 Catalysts

It is a substance that can be added to a reaction to increase the

reaction rate without getting consumed in the process. Enzymes are
proteins that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions. The very
common examples for this are the Photosynthesis and Cellular
Respiration. Biological systems use catalysts to increase the rate of
the oxidation reaction so that it can occur at a faster rate at lower
temperatures. Catalysts are everywhere! Many biochemical processes,
such as the oxidation of glucose, are heavily dependent on enzymes,
proteins that behave as catalysts.

Catalysts increase the rates of

chemical reactions. This is due to

lowering of the activation energy for the

reaction. Catalysts are not consumed in

the reaction so in theory, they can be

used

over and over again. In practice, they are often contaminated and/or
some is lost in a process.

Temperature

Chemical reactions typically occur faster at higher temperatures. Food

can spoil quickly when left on the kitchen counter. However, the lower
temperature inside of a refrigerator slows that process so that the same
food remains fresh for days.

The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction. At higher
temperature, atoms have higher kinetic energy,

making the particles move faster and therefore increase the chance

for the particles to come in contact with each other. Key point: at a

higher temperature more molecules have energy greater than the

activation energy.

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 This is also the reason why most fruits and vegetables ripen in the
summer when the temperature is much warmer. When a banana ripens,
numerous reactions occur that produce all the compounds that we expect
to taste in a banana. But this can only happen if the temperature is high
enough to allow these reactions to make those products.

Food storage is a prime example of how the temperature

effect on reaction rate is utilized by society. Consumers store food
in freezers and refrigerators to slow down the processes that
cause it to spoil. The decrease in temperature decreases the rate
at which food will break down or be broken down by bacteria.

What’s More
Activity 3: Tell Me What

Directions: Tell whether the following images are related to temperature

or catalyst.(5 pts.)

Refrigeration

1. 2.

Pollution

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3.

Photosynthesis
Yeast

4. 5.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Let’s see what you have learned!

Directions: Complete the statements by underlining the appropriate word or

phrase.
(2pts each.)
1. For the reaction to occur, reacting particles must (collide, move)
and this collision must be effective.
2. (Activation Energy, Enough Energy) is the energy required to
initiate a reaction and force the particles to form an activated complex.
3. The (higher, lower) the temperature, the higher the rate of chemical
reaction.
4. (Catalysts, Energy) increase the rates of chemical
reactions. This is due to lower of the activation energy for the
reaction.
5. (Enzyme, Lipids) are proteins that act as a catalyst in
biochemical reactions.

You did it! Keep up the good work. This would help you
understand the factors that affect the chemical reaction.
There’s more that you can do.

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What I Can Do
Activity 5: You can do great

Directions: A. Choose from the words on the box that will make the statement
complete.
( 2 pts. each)

-collide -Chemical Reaction - products

-effective - Activation Energy

Collision theory explains how the collision between reactant molecules

may or may not result in a successful
.There must be an
collision of particles for a chemical reaction to take
place. Based on this theory, not all collisions between the molecules
result in the formation of
. Effective collisions between molecules, which result in
the formation of products, only occur when the following two conditions
are met in which the colliding molecules should possess minimum kinetic
energy, known as , to start a chemical reaction. (b)
the reactant molecules should be in the correct orientation when they
.

B. Directions: Study the pictures below. Identify the factor that affects
the rate of the chemical reaction. Write catalyst or temperature.

1. 2.

Cooking Meat Decomposition

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3. 4.

Air Pollution
Corrosion

5.

Catalytic Converter

Additional Activities
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Activity 6: Let’s add more!

Direction: TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct.

If it is incorrect, write false and underline the incorrect word.

1. Effective collision results to product formation.

2. Effective collision is defined as one in which molecules
collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.
3. Collision between reactant molecules may or may not
result in successful chemical reaction.
4. All collisions between molecules result in the formation of
products.
5. The only condition needed for effective collision is the
correct orientation of the reactant molecules when they collide.
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 6. Activation energy is needed to break the bond between
reactant molecules to form new bonds leading to the
formation of the products.
7. Molecules must collide with sufficient energy even with
no proper orientation in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
8. When the temperature of the reactants is increased it
will lead to higher activation energy.
9. Flame is a source of activation energy so firecrackers must
be kept/stored in cool dry place to prevent unexpected
explosion.
10. The “No Smoking” signs in gasoline station is irrelevant
because gasoline is not combustible.

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