Science 4

Science – Grade 4
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Types of Soil and Their Characteristics
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Renalyn B. Bautista
Editor: Corazon B. Natividad
Reviewers:
Layout Artist: Margie A. Rosario
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, Ed D
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 4
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 1
Types of Soil and Their Characteristics
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 4, Self-Learning Module on Types of Soil and their

Characteristics

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed, and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 4, Self-Learning Module on Types of Soil and their

Characteristics.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

The module is about different types of soil and their

physical characteristics.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the different types of soil based on their physical

characteristics.
2. describe on how to make use of the different types of soil;
and
3. recognize the importance of soil in our daily lives.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which property of soil could students determine by rubbing a

sample between their fingers?
A. texture of the soil
B. the color of the soil
C. the soil’s ability to support life
D. the processes to form the soil
2. A student observing how rough and smooth a soil is. What
characteristic of soil is observed?
A. color C. shape
B. size D. texture
3. What is the meaning of the word texture as one of the
characteristics of soil?
A. describes the color
B. describes how the soil feels
C. describes how the soil looks
D. describes how much water the soil holds
4. Which type of soil holds the most water?
A. chalk soil C. sand soil
B. clay soil D. silt soil
5. What makes each soil different?
A. color C. texture
B. size D. all of the above

RECAP

Almost of the part of the earth where we are living are all
covered with soil. Let me see if you know the places where soil is
present. Just put check (/) before the number.

____ 1.mountains

_____2.sea

_____3.hills

_____4.garden

_____5.river

LESSON

Soil is a very important natural resource on earth made up

of tiny particles of rocks and decayed plants and animals.

Since this is a natural resource this can be categorized into

different soil types, each with distinct physical characteristics
that provide growing benefits.

Soil can be categorized into sand, clay, silt, peat, chalk and
loam types of soil based on the dominating size of the particles
within a soil.
 Let us take a look at the pictures below. Observe each
picture. Describe it. What have you notice with the
characteristics of the soil?

Pic 1-sandy soil Pic 2-clay soil

The first picture is sandy soil. As you can see in the picture,
sandy soils contains high proportion of sand and little clay (clay
weighs more than sand). The other picture is clay, this type of
soil is heavy that benefits from high nutrients. Clay soils remain
wet and cold in winter and dry out in summer.

Take a look with the pictures below. Observe and tell how
each type of soil differ from each other.

Pic 1- loam soil Pic 2- peat soil

The picture shows loam and peat soil. Loam soil is a

mixture of sand, silt and clay that are combined to avoid the
negative effects of each type.These soils are fertile, easy to work
with and provide good drainage. Depending on their predominant
composition they can be either sandy or clay loam.
While peat soil is high in organic matter and retains a large
amount of moisture.This type of soil is very rarely found in a
garden and often imported into a garden to provide an optimum
soil base for planting.
 Let’s have another type of soil. Look at the pictures below.
What can you say about these types of soil? Do you think they
have the same characteristics?

Pic.1-chalk Soil Pic.2-silt soil

As you can see in the pictures the given types of soil have
different characteristics. It is because silt soil is a light and
moisture retentive soil type with a high fertility rating.As silt soils
compromise of medium sized particles they are well drained and
hold moisture well.
While chalk soil is can be either light or heavy but always
highly alkaline due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its
structure.
Since these types of soil has their own characteristics
meaning they have their own ability to sustain the life of living
things. Some of these types of soil are good for planting while
others are not.

ACTIVITIES

For us to learn more about soil and their physical

characteristics let’s do the following activities. Let’s start with
Activity 1 “DO YOU KNOW ME?” Do the activity alone and with
honesty.

ACTIVITY 1 “DO YOU KNOW ME?”

Direction: Identify the types of soil being described.

______1. A type of soil which is high in organic matter and retains
a large amount of moisture.
______2. It contains high proportion of sand and little clay.
______3. A soil which is a mixture of sand, silt and clay that are
combined to avoid the negative effects of each type.
______4. It can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline
due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its structure.
______5. A type of soil which is heavy that benefits from high
nutrients

Let’s have another activity. Look at the pictures below.

Those are images of the different types of soil.

ACTIVITY 2 “KNOW ME BETTER”

Direction: Observe the pictures and tell the kind of soil that you
can see in the pictures.
1. 2. 3.

5 5 5

4. 5.
 ACTIVITY 3 “MATCH ME”
Direction: Match the type of soil in column A. with their
characteristics in column B.
Column A Column B
1.loam soil a. contains high proportion of sand
and little clay
2.peat b. light and moisture retentive soil
3.clay c. fertile, easy to work with
4.sand d. heavy that benefits from high
nutrients
5.silt e. very rarely found in a garden

WRAP-UP

To summarize what you have learned, let us do the activity.

Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is wrong.
1.Soil is not a natural resource.
2.Loam soil is one of the type of soil which is good for
planting.
3.Soil has only two (2) types.
4. Chalk soil is highly alkaline due to calcium carbonate.
5. Peat soil is not high in organic matter.
 VALUING

Take a look at the picture below. What does the picture

show? Is soil plays a great role in our life? Why soil is important?

The soil is important to all living things on earth because it

is the source of four essential ‘living’ factors, namely, food,
clothes, shelter and medicine, all of which either directly or
indirectly coming from the soil. For plants, the soil is very
important to their growth and yield. In our present situation,
COVID-19 pandemic people should plant vegetables in their
backyard , what kind of soil is best for growing vegetables ?

POSTTEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a natural resource on earth that is made up of tiny

particles of rocks and decayed plants and animals.-------
A. rocks C. water
B. soil D. none of the above
2. This is a type of soil which is very rarely found in a garden and
often imported into a garden to provide an optimum soil base for
planting.
A. chalk soil C.peat
B. clay soil D. silt
3. The soil which is fertile, easy to work with and provide good
drainage
A. chalk soil C. loam soil
B. clay soil D. peat soil
4. A type of soil that contains high proportion of sand and little
clay.
A. chalk soil C. loam soil
B. clay soil D. Sand soil
5. This is can be either light or heavy but always highly alkaline
due to the calcium carbonate or lime within its structure.A. Some
materials are hard.
A. chalk soil C. loam soil
B. clay soil D. Sand soil
 KEY TO CORRECTION

A 5.
D 4. 5.false 5.B
4.true 5.silt
C 3. 4. A
3.false 4.clay
C 2. 3. D
2.true 3.sand
B 1. 2.E
1.false 2.loam
Posttest 1.C 1.chalk
Wrap Up
Activity 3 Activity 2
5.clay
4.chalk
3./ 3. B
3.loam
5. X 2.X 5.D 2. D
2.sand
4. / 1./ 4.B 1. A
1.peat
Activity 1 Recap Pretest

References
https://www.boughton.co.uk>products>topsoils>soil-types
https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/sandy-soil-1.jpg
https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/clay-soil-1.jpg
https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/loam-soil-1.jpg
Accessed 13 July 2020
https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/peat-soil-1.jpg
https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/chalk-soil-1.jpg
https://www.boughton.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/07/silt-soil-1.jpg
data:image/jpeg;base64,9j…5I+eRWV1AECJA7+dZWV1Aqp/20==
Accessed 14 July 2020