Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Download full chapter Carers Care Homes And The British Media Time To Care Hannah Grist pdf docx
Download full chapter Carers Care Homes And The British Media Time To Care Hannah Grist pdf docx
https://textbookfull.com/product/handbook-of-smart-homes-health-
care-and-well-being-1st-edition-joost-van-hoof/
https://textbookfull.com/product/care-of-the-state-relationships-
kinship-and-the-state-in-children-s-homes-in-late-socialist-
hungary-jennifer-rasell/
https://textbookfull.com/product/discourses-of-care-media-
practices-and-cultures-1st-edition-amy-holdsworth/
https://textbookfull.com/product/war-time-care-work-and-
peacebuilding-in-africa-the-forgotten-one-fatma-osman-ibnouf/
Palliative Care Nursing: Quality Care to the End of
Life, Fifth Edition Marianne Matzo And Deborah Witt
Sherman
https://textbookfull.com/product/palliative-care-nursing-quality-
care-to-the-end-of-life-fifth-edition-marianne-matzo-and-deborah-
witt-sherman/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-encyclopedia-of-elder-care-
the-comprehensive-resource-on-geriatric-health-and-social-care-
elizabeth-capezuti/
https://textbookfull.com/product/palliative-care-within-mental-
health-care-and-practice-1st-edition-david-cooper/
https://textbookfull.com/product/culture-wars-the-media-and-the-
british-left-james-curran/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-extremely-busy-womans-guide-
to-self-care-suzanne-falter/
Carers, Care Homes and
the British Media
Time to Care
Hannah Grist
Ros Jennings
Carers, Care Homes and the British Media
Hannah Grist • Ros Jennings
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the
Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of
translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information
in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the
publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to
the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The
publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and
institutional affiliations.
This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature
Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
This book is dedicated to all current and former care home workers, to those
we worked alongside in care homes over the years, and to the residents and
their families that we were privileged to know.
Preface
The thinking behind this book began in 2012 when Hannah became a
PhD student under Ros’ supervision. Whilst Hannah’s doctoral research
was on questions of memory, identity and heritage, she became increas-
ingly interested in explorations of ageing, gender and representation.
Hannah joined the Centre for Women, Ageing and Media (WAM) as a
researcher in 2013 and became co-Director of the Centre with Ros in
2017. WAM brings together researchers from across the world, working
in multiple disciplines with myriad research methods and foci. Taking a
broadly feminist and cultural studies approach, WAM aims to position
emerging research about older people in relation to popular media/popu-
lar culture alongside the more established areas of ageing studies research.
Through collaboration and interdisciplinary perspectives WAM research
projects seek to make beneficial interfaces that will lead to more nuanced
understandings of the representations, identities and lived experiences of
ageing. This book makes a significant contribution to the WAM research
area, bringing together multiple disciplinary and methodological lenses to
bear on the representations and experiences of being a paid care worker
for older people in Britain.
Ros and Hannah found many similarities in their life courses, their
experiences and their approaches, as if they had lived parallel lives sepa-
rated by nearly 25 years. Ros worked as a care assistant in the early 1990s
whilst she completed her MA thesis at the University of York. Hannah
began work as a care assistant in the early 2000s as she completed her MA
at the University of Bristol and PhD at the University of Gloucestershire.
vii
viii PREFACE
Both Ros and Hannah have experience of caring for family members—
Hannah for her mother, and Ros for her wife. Both were (and continue to
be) fascinated by questions of care and frustrated by the way the media
represents paid care work. As self-confessed ‘methods geeks’ with a pen-
chant for autoethnography and multiple qualitative methods, Ros and
Hannah embarked upon a project to research and document the experi-
ences of real carers who worked in real British care homes, hoping to chal-
lenge and reimagine the way care workers and care homes are thought
about and represented in the media.
The following book therefore represents the culmination of nearly
eight years of thinking, talking, sharing, arguing, documenting and cri-
tiquing the representation of carers and care homes in the British media.
It makes a timely contribution to the developing interdisciplinary canon of
care home research, using ageing studies and media studies perspectives to
situate the voices and experiences of paid care workers at the centre.
ix
x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1 Introduction 1
2 Autoethnographies of Care 17
5 Concluding Thoughts 99
Index109
xi
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Abstract The introduction explores the rationale for this book: to situate
the voices of care workers at the centre of research on British care homes.
It argues that bringing together media and ageing studies perspectives can
challenge representations of care work and care homes. It explores the
approach to research design and positions the combination of multiple
qualitative methods as an innovative approach to media, ageing and care
home studies. The chapter outlines the structure of the book and con-
cludes by highlighting that the way carers and care homes are thought
about and represented must urgently evolve if we are to ensure a better
quality of care for older people in care homes in Britain and to provide
better support for those who ‘do’ care.
Introduction
As the ageing1 population of Britain continues to grow significantly and as
an increasing proportion of those people become reliant on formalised
care, the way care and paid caregivers are represented on screen and
1
Debates on what constitutes ‘old’ or ‘older’ are complex and ongoing in ageing studies.
Gullette (2004), for example, argues we are less aged by chronology than we are by culture,
and scholars in health and disability studies suggest we can be ‘aged by disability’ (cf. Lamb
2015). In this book these non-chronological understandings of ageing are important to the
accounts of current and former carers and the way they see themselves represented in
the media.
1 INTRODUCTION 3
care are central to work ‘on’ or ‘about’ the institution, and it is critical to
view the care home refracted through various disciplinary lenses. Whilst
the experiences of care assistants form sources of data for many of these
studies, few situate carers’ voices at the centre of the research. Fewer still
seek to augment the narrative voices of current and former care assistants
with autoethnographic reflection and detailed textual analysis of media
representations. This book acts as a small contribution to address the gap
that exists in scholarship.
This book draws upon the findings of interviews with a small sample of
current and former care assistants drawn from care homes in South Wales
and the north and south-west of England, coupled with an analysis of the
experiences of the authors through autoethnography, and explores popu-
lar media representations of care homes and care assistants which aired
during the period within the scope of this study (1989–2019). In keeping
with the experiential, lived approach that is privileged in this book, the
texts chosen for analysis in this book are those which the authors and par-
ticipants remembered as being particularly conscious of during the times
and spaces in which they performed care work. Bringing together these
research methods, this book explores the many ways in which age and
caregiving are problematized, represented and performed within Britain.
It integrates ageing and media studies approaches in order to critically
interrogate experiences and representations of paid caregiving and the role
that media plays in shaping those British cultural understandings, privileg-
ing the perspectives of care workers throughout.
Who Cares?
There are approximately 416,0002 people living with complex health care
needs in care homes in Britain today (NIHR 2019, online). The British
population is projected to continue growing, reaching over 74 million by
2039, and as such the demand for adult social care increases rapidly in line
with demographic growth. A recent study on the impact of population
ageing on the future provision of end-of-life care by Bone et al. (2018)
notes that if current trends continue, the care home will be the most com-
mon place of death by 2040. Thus, simply to sustain current levels, care
home provision and care provided in the community must double by
2040. The importance and continuing and growing need for care homes
and care workers in Britain is therefore hard to dispute.
The precise number of paid carers currently working in the UK is dif-
ficult to estimate. The Cavendish Review3 (2013) projected there are 1.3
million unregistered healthcare assistants and support workers in Britain
(14) and estimated the number of people employed outside the National
Health Services (NHS) as paid care assistants was around 612,500 (15).
Of all adult social care workers in the UK the private sector employs over
two-thirds (Bloodworth 2018), and it is estimated that around 80% of all
paid care work in Britain is performed by women (Skills for Care 2018,
online).
Thus, care work is gendered work (Twigg 2004; Cancian and Oliker
2000). Twigg (2004) states that ‘care work is quintessentially gendered
work both in the sense that it is performed predominantly by women, and
in that it is constructed around gendered identities’ (68). Histories of
caregiving critique biological and essentialist discourses which suggest an
aptitude to provide emotional and physical care is one predisposed in
women. Linked to reproductive capabilities and the association between
women and motherhood, from this perspective care work is not viewed as
2
According to the National Institute for Health Research in the research project ENRICH,
the 416,000 older people living in care homes in Britain account for 4% of the population
aged 65 years and over, rising to 16% of those aged 85 or older.
3
Led by Camilla Cavendish, the Independent Review into Healthcare Assistants and
Support Workers in the NHS and social care settings was commissioned by the Department
of Health and Social Care in 2013. In the wake of the Francis Inquiry into Mid-Staffordshire
NHS Trust which took place between 2005 and 2009, the Cavendish Review makes a num-
ber of recommendations around the training and support of health care workers who per-
form care in hospitals, care homes, and care recipients’ own homes.
1 INTRODUCTION 7
‘skilled work that is learned through practice and shaped by cultural values
and economic incentives’ (Cancian and Oliker 2000, 3). This book takes
the perspective that the connection between women and care is a socially
constructed phenomenon (Harrington Meyer 2000), and that cultural
representations of care work and care workers are pivotal in public under-
standings of what it means to ‘do’ and perform care.
The authors are both white European women from working-class back-
grounds, aged between 27 and 59 at the time of writing, who worked as
care assistants to fund their studies in higher education in their twenties
and thirties (see Chap. 2). No longer employed as paid care assistants, now
educated to doctoral level and specialists in the disciplines of media and
ageing studies, the cultural capital and habitus (Bourdieu 1984) of the
authors at the time of writing were different to those we interviewed for
this project. Those we spoke to for this project, however, mirrored national
demographic trends in terms of those who typically perform paid care
work in Britain. We interviewed eight current or former carers, seven of
whom were female, all of whom were white English or Welsh, with an
average age of 55 years, and a typical length of service in the care sector of
approximately seven years. Our use of a small sample of participants and
selected media representations pertinent to the scope of the study (see
below) allowed us to find depth and elicit thick description within our data
sets (Geertz 1973). This resulted in vivid depictions of real lives and mean-
ingful personal experiences of care work which were nested in real-world
contexts (Miles and Huberman 1994, 10). The following section outlines
the methodological approach undertaken for this book in more detail.
Methodological Approach
This short book uniquely synthesises several qualitative research methods
to explore the experiences of former and current care assistants in British
care homes and their representation in the media. The first is a collabora-
tive autoethnography (cf. Chang et al. 2013) written by the authors, who
have experiences of working as care assistants in British care homes, though
these were encounters with care which are separated by nearly 20 years.
Autoethnography seeks ‘to describe and systematically analyse personal
experience in order to understand cultural experience’ (Ellis et al. 2011,
online). Autoethnography has been used to explore diverse topics, from
illness and disease (cf. Ellis 1995), to questions about race and ethnicity
(Boylorn 2008; Toyosaki et al. 2009), to football fandom (Parry 2012),
8 H. GRIST AND R. JENNINGS
contained many more themes, concepts and ideas than we have been able
to capture in this book. Most of the participants were known to the
authors prior to the commencement of the project, as former colleagues
or friends. We were alert to the fact that having established relationships
with many of our participants before the interview posed challenges for
data collection and data analysis (Seidman 2006). We worked hard to
ensure assumptions about the participant’s answers were fully interrogated
when interpreting the data, and that our insights and lessons learned from
each interview were acknowledged, addressed and carried with us into
each subsequent interview.
Through our shared history and our relationship, an implicit under-
standing of our shared habitus (Bourdieu 1984) enriched our interviews
with current and former carers and transformed the research process. It
was important to us to adopt an approach to qualitative interviewing in
which we shared our experiences of care work freely with our participants.
Ours was an approach ‘situated within the context of emerging and well-
established relationships among participants and interviewers’ (Ellis et al.
2011, online). We did not fear our approach would jeopardise the quality
of the data or lead our participant towards certain responses. In fact, as we
were well known to our interviewees, many of the stories they told about
their experiences in care homes were narratives in which one of the authors
also featured. It would therefore have been problematic to try to adopt a
distanced or neutral approach to these interviews. The spirit of sharing
and exchange that emerged throughout out interviews can be traced in
Chap. 4, which we have titled ‘Conversations with Carers’. The interviews
quickly took the form of conversations, meandering journeys through
long or short careers in care work, narratives which moved backwards and
forwards in time, jumping from theme to theme.
Whilst the participants were known to the authors beforehand, to pro-
tect those we interviewed and the homes they work(ed) in, we have ano-
nymised names, dates and places in the pages that follow. So too in our
autoethnographic reflections the names of care homes, colleagues and
residents have been either anonymised or removed entirely. As Hannah’s
care work experiences are still relatively recent, her reflections have been
through a careful process of re-ordering and re-storying (Bochner and
Ellis 2016, 253) to further guard the anonymity of colleagues, residents
and care homes she worked in.
The autoethnographic, textual and interview data were subjected to
detailed thematic analysis (Guest et al. 2012), adopting the constant
10 H. GRIST AND R. JENNINGS
The final chapter brings together the main arguments of the book and
summarises the findings of the textual, autoethnographic and interview
analyses. The conclusion highlights the contributions made to ageing
studies and media studies. We argue that the experiences of current and
former carers constitute ‘vocations of caring’—a wellspring of experience
and a deep understanding of what it means to perform care work carried
by current and former carers, which can powerfully shape public concep-
tions of both the care home and later life. The conclusion argues that it is
time to ensure a better quality of care for older people in care homes in
Britain, and that it is time to provide better support for those who ‘do’
care. For these crucial changes to take place we argue that the way carers
and care homes are thought about and represented in news media and
popular culture must urgently evolve.
References
Allen, Katherine, and Fred P. Piercy. 2005. Feminist autoethnography. In Research
Methods in Family Therapy, ed. Douglas H. Sprenkle and Fred P. Piercy,
155–169. New York: Guilford.
Barusch, Amanda. 2013. The Aging Tsunami: Time for a New Metaphor? Journal
of Gerontological Social Work 56 (3): 181–184.
Bloodworth, James. 2018. Hired: Six Months Undercover in Low-Wage Britain.
London: Atlantic Books.
Bochner, Arthur P., and Carolyn Ellis. 2016. Evocative Autoethnography: Writing
Lives and Telling Stories. Oxon: Routledge.
Bone, Anna E., et al. 2018. What Is the Impact of Population Ageing on the
Future Provision of End-of-Life Care? Population-based Projections of Place of
Death. Palliative Medicine 32 (2): 329–336.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984. Distinction. London: Routledge.
Boylorn, Robin M. 2008. As Seen on TV: An Autoethnographic Reflection on
Race and Reality Television. Critical Studies in Media Communication 25
(4): 413–433.
Byetheway, Bill. 1995. Ageism. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Cancian, Francesca M., and Stacey J. Oliker. 2000. Caring and Gender. Walnut
Creek: AltaMira Press.
Chang, Heewong, et al. 2013. Collaborative autoethnography. Oxon: Routledge.
Chivers, Sally. 2013. Seeing the Apricot: A Disability Perspective on Alzheimer’s
in Lee Chang-dong’s Poetry. In Different Bodies: Essays on Disability in Film
and Television, ed. Marja E. Mogk, 65–74. McFarland and Company: Jefferson.
1 INTRODUCTION 13
Chivers, Sally, and Ulla Kriebernegg, eds. 2017. Care Home Stories: Ageing,
Disability, and Long-term Residential Care. Bielefeld: Transcript.
Competition and Markets Authority. 2017. Care Homes Market Study:
Summary of Final Report [online]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/gov-
ernment/publications/care-homes-market-study-summary-of-final-report/
care-homes-market-study-summary-of-final-report
Cruikshank, Margaret. 2009. Learning to Be Old: Gender, Culture, and Aging.
New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc.
Dahl, Hanne Marlene. 2017. Struggles in (Elderly) Care: A Feminist View.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Dalley, Adeline. 2014. Behind Those Care Home Doors: How to Avoid Care
Professionals with Their Eyes Wide Shut. Gloucester: Action Publishing
Technology Ltd.
DeForge, Ryan, et al. 2011. Afraid to Care: Unable to Care: A Critical Ethnography
Within A Long-Term Care Home. Journal of Aging Studies 25: 515–426.
Department for Health and Social Care. 2013. The Cavendish Review: An
Independent Review into Healthcare Assistants and Support Workers in the
NHS and Social Care Settings [online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.
service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/
file/236212/Cavendish_Review.pdf
Diamond, Timothy. 1986. Social Policy and Everyday Life in Nursing Homes: A
Critical Ethnography. Social Science and Medicine 23: 1287–1295.
Downs, Murna. 2014. Excellence in Dementia Care: Research into Practice.
Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Ellis, Carolyn. 1995. Final Negotiations: A Story of Love, Loss, and Chronic Illness.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Ellis, Carolyn, et al. 2011. Autoethnography: An Overview. Forum:
Qualitative Social Research 12 (1). Available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/
urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1101108.
Ettore, Elizabeth. 2017. Autoethnography as Feminist Method: Sensitising the
Feminist ‘I’. Oxon: Routledge.
Fairclough, Norman. 2003. Analysing Discourse: Textual Analysis for Social
Research. Oxon: Routledge.
Ferris-Taylor, Rita, Jane Grant, Hannah Grist, Ros Jennings, Rina Rosselson, and
Sylvia Wiseman. 2019. Reading Film with Age Through Collaborative
Autoethnography: Old Age and Care, Encounters with Amour (Haneke,
2012), Chronic (Franco, 2015) and A Woman’s Tale (Cox, 1991). Life Writing
16 (1): 69–95.
Fossey, Jane, et al. 2006. Effect of enhanced psychosocial care on antipsychotic use
in nursing home residents with severe dementia: Cluster randomised trial.
British Medical Journal 332 (7544): 756–758.
14 H. GRIST AND R. JENNINGS
Lawrence, Bill. 2017. When the Unacceptable Becomes the Norm: Choosing a Care
Home in the 21st Century. Kibworth Beauchamp: Matador.
Means, Robin, and Randall Smith. 1998. From Poor Law to Community Care: The
Development of Welfare Services for Elderly People 1939–1971. Bristol:
Policy Press.
Miles, Matthew B and A. Michael Huberman, eds. 1994. Qualitative Data
Analysis. Thousand Oakes: SAGE.
Morley, John, et al. 2013. Nursing Home Care. New York: McGraw Hill Education.
Mulley, Graham, Clive Bowman, Michael Boyd and Sarah Stowe. eds. 2014. The
Care Home Handbook. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
National Institute for Health Research. 2019. Understanding Care Homes [online].
Available at: https://enrich.nihr.ac.uk/page/understanding-care-homes
Nazarko, Linda. 2002. Nursing in Care Homes. Oxford: Blackwell.
Palmer, Liam. 2016. Management Development for Care & Nursing Home
Managers. Raleigh: Lulu Press.
Parry, Keith D. 2012. Game of Two Passions: A Football Fan’s Autoethnography.
Qualitative Research Journal 12 (12): 238–250.
Peace, Sheila M. 2003. The Development of Residential and Nursing Home Care
in the United Kingdom. In End of Life in Care Homes: A Palliative Approach,
ed. Jeanne Samson Katz and Sheila M. Peace, 15–42. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Potter, W. James. 2012. Media Effects. London: SAGE.
Rawles, Zoe. 2017. Essential Knowledge and Skills for Healthcare Assistants. Boca
Raton: CRC Press.
Reynolds, Jill, et al., eds. 2003. The Managing Care Reader. London: Routledge.
Robertson, Ann. (1990). The Politics of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Study in
Apocalyptic Demography. International Journal of Health Services 20
(3): 429–442.
Rowe, John W., and Robert L. Kahn. 1998. Successful Aging: The MacArthur
Foundation Study. New York: Pantheon.
Sandberg, Lynn, and Barbara Marshall. 2017. Queering Aging Futures. Societies 7
(21): 4–11.
Seidman, Irving. 2006. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for
Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. New York: Teachers
College Press.
Skills for Care. 2018. The State of the Adult Social Care Sector and Workforce in
England – September 2018 [online]. Available at: https://www.skillsforcare.
org.uk/NMDS-SC-intelligence/Workforce-intelligence/documents/State-of-
the-adult-social-care-sector/The-state-of-the-adult-social-care-sector-and-
workforce-2018.pdf
Stafford, Philip B., ed. 2003. Gray Areas: Ethnographic Encounters with Nursing
Home Culture. Oxford: James Currey Ltd.
16 H. GRIST AND R. JENNINGS
Autoethnographies of Care
Introduction
Deanna B. Shoemaker’s (2015, 521) notion of ‘sifting through memories’
in her work on autoethnographic journeys is one that has followed us
throughout our own autoethnographic expedition for this book. The
close reading of media texts that represent British care homes and care
assistants and the conversations we had with carers stimulated memories
and kindled thoughts of former colleagues, former care homes, their resi-
dents and their families. The research process aroused recollections of
situations infused with fondness and pride, and evoked others that were
‘messy, bloody, [and] unruly’, as Tami Spry (2016, 15) has described.
It has been an emotional and affective process, then, to sift through,
like a prospector with a pan, thinking carefully about which memories to
include in our autoethnographies and which to tuck away, to think on
some more and return to at another time. After all, as Anne-Marie
Deitering (2017) reminds us, autoethnographies are never really finished
(16–18). And so, in what follows, we have focused on those recollections
of our time in care work that have never been far from our minds, and on
others which were forced to the fore through the process of doing this
kind of research. Our purpose in the pages that follow is to share these
personal experiences of care work to add depth, texture and a unique per-
spective to augment the narrative themes which thread through the fol-
lowing chapters.
Hannah’s Autoethnography
"Denver ja Lattimer unohtivat yhden asian", sanoi hän. "Se oli se,
että minulla on silmät. Sieltä, missä olin vähän aikaisemmin kuin te
juoksitte vastaani, saatoin nähdä vuorenharjanteen. Näin Denverin
kiipeevän sinne ja pidin silmällä mihin hän kätkeytyi. Sitäpaitsi,
vaikka en olisi nähnytkään häntä, niin —" Hän pysähtyi, pani
molemmat kätensä Josephinen olkapäille ja loi häneen katseen,
jossa oli moitetta ja samalla ihailua.
"Te ette valehtele vakuuttavasti, Jo", sanoi hän, "te ette ole kylliksi
harjaantunut siihen. Mutta te teitte suurenmoisen työn —
suurenmoisen työn!"
Neljäsneljättä luku.
Josephine arveli, ettei hän olisi sama. Mahdollisesti olisi hän yhtä
taipumaton ja jyrkkä, mutta Josephinen kotiseudun ankarien lakien
alaisena murtuisi hänen terästahtonsa ja hänen täytyisi hillitä
väkivaltaisia taipumuksiaan. Laki ei siellä olisi hänen kädessään,
vaan koko kansan käsissä, joka sitä vain valitsemainsa edustajain
kautta toteutti. Sen vuoksi hän ei olisi sama Brannon siellä.
"Tehän olette aikeissa jättää meidät", sanoi hän. "Kuulin sen juuri
eräältä miehistä. Tulin sanomaan hyvästiä teille."
"Enhän toki" sanoi hän, silmät leimuten, "te olette ollut erittäin
mielenkiintoinen."
"Brannon", sanoi Josephine — sillä kun hän nyt oli lähdössä pois,
tahtoi hän olla varma siitä, ettei Brannonille jäänyt pahaa mieltä, sillä
hän muisti sen illan kun Brannon oli pannut kätensä hänen päänsä
päälle miltei hyväillen, "oletteko varma, että minä olen mielestänne
ollut ainoastaan mielenkiintoinen?"
"Niin."
"Mitä ei tehnyt?"
"Ei hän vihannut sinua. Eikä koskaan tule sitä tekemäänkään. Kun
sinä puhuit hänen kanssaan kuistilla juuri ennen lähtöä, niin hän
sanoi —"
"Kuuntelitko sinä?" syytti Brannon. Hän taivutti itseään Bettyn
puoleen nähdäkseen hänen kasvojaan hämärässä ja huomasi, että
ne olivat tulipunaiset.
"Minä — minä en voinut sille mitään, Brannon. Minä olin näet juuri
tulossa ulos ja kun minun piti — piti —"
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms
of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.F.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.