IM 7

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
College: Engineering
Campus: Bambang
DEGREE PROGRAM Bachelor of COURSE NO. EE 02

Science in
Electrical
Engineering
SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Electrical Circuits 2
YEAR LEVEL 2nd Year TIME FRAME WK NO. IM NO. 7
I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE
Polyphase Systems
II. LESSON TITLE

Unbalanced Three Phase System
III. LESSON OVERVIEW
This chapter covers the topics involving three phase unbalanced loading. It discusses different
circuit configuration.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Discuss the voltage and current characteristics of three phase systems with unbalanced
loading conditions.
2. Analyze problems involving three phase unbalanced loading.
3. Discuss applications and effects of unbalanced three phase loading in the transmission,
generation and distribution of energy.
V. LESSON CONTENT
Unbalanced Loads
Any polyphaser load in which the impedance in one or more phases differ from the impedance
of other phases is said to be an unbalanced load.
Unbalanced ∆ connected load supplied from a balanced 3 phase supply does not present any
new problems because the voltage across each load phase is fixed. It is independent of the
nature of the load and is equal to the line voltage.
Phase currents can be calculated using ohm’s law.

𝑽𝒂𝒃 𝑽𝒃𝒄 𝑽𝒄𝒂
𝑰𝒂𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 =
𝒁𝒂𝒃 𝒁𝒃𝒄 𝒁𝒄𝒂
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 11
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IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
The different phase currents can be calculated in the usual manner and the three line currents
are obtained by taking the vector difference of phase current in pairs or by using KCL at its
nodes.
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝑰𝒄𝒂 𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄
Power of an unbalanced load is calculated by taking the active power of each individual loads.
𝑷𝒕 = 𝑷𝒂 + 𝑷𝒃 + 𝑷𝒄
𝑸𝒕 = ± 𝒋 𝑸𝒂 ± 𝒋 𝑸𝒃 ± 𝒋 𝑸𝒄
𝑺𝒕 = 𝑷𝒕 ± 𝒋 𝑸𝒕
Y- ∆ Unbalanced Load
Example 2.1
A 3-phase 3 wire supplies a delta connected load. Find the line currents and total power.
Solution:
𝑍𝑎𝑏 = 25 Ω
𝑍𝑏𝑐 = 30 Ω
𝑍𝑐𝑎 = 45 Ω
𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 240∠0 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 240∠ − 120 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 240∠120 𝑉
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎𝑛 − 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 240∠0 𝑉 − 240∠ − 120 𝑉 = 415.69∠30 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 𝑉𝑏𝑛 − 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 240∠ − 120 𝑉 − 240∠120 𝑉 = 415.69∠ − 90 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 𝑉𝑐𝑛 − 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 240∠120 𝑉 − 240∠0 𝑉 = 415.69∠150 𝑉

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
𝑉𝑎𝑏 415.69∠30 𝑉
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 16.628∠30 𝐴
𝑍𝑎𝑏 25 Ω
𝑉𝑏𝑐 415.69∠−90 𝑉
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 13.856 ∠ − 90 𝐴
𝑍𝑏𝑐 30 Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑎 415.69∠150 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 9.238 ∠150 𝐴
𝑍𝑐𝑎 45 Ω
𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 16.628∠30 𝐴 − 9.238 ∠150 𝐴 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟎𝟑 ∠𝟗. 𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝑨

𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐 − 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 13.856 ∠ − 90 𝐴 − 16.628∠30 𝐴 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟑𝟔∠ − 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝑨
𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐𝑎 − 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 9.238 ∠150 𝐴 − 13.856 ∠ − 90 𝐴 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟑 ∠𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟏𝟒 𝑨
𝑃𝑎𝑏 = (𝐼𝑎𝑏)2𝑅𝑎𝑏 = (16.628)2 (25) = 6912.2596 𝑊

𝑃𝑏𝑐 = (𝐼𝑏𝑐)2𝑅𝑏𝑐 = (13.856)2 (30) = 5759.662 𝑊
𝑃𝑐𝑎 = (𝐼𝑐𝑎)2𝑅𝑐𝑎 = (9.238)2 (45) = 3840.329 𝑊
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑎𝑏 + 𝑃𝑏𝑐 + 𝑃𝑐𝑎 = 6912.2596 𝑊 + 5759.662 𝑊 + 3840.329 𝑊 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟏 𝑾
Practice Problem 2.1.
Determine the total active power and total Reactive power of circuit shown below.
∆-∆ Unbalanced load
Example 2.2
For the three-phase, positive-sequence circuit shown below, find the real power absorbed by
the load.
Ia

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
Ib
Solution:
𝑍𝑎𝑏 = 5 Ω
𝑍𝑏𝑐 = 4 − 𝑗5 Ω = 6.403∠ − 51.340 Ω
𝑍𝑐𝑎 = 6 + 𝑗3.016 Ω = 6.715 ∠26.687 Ω
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 440∠0 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 440∠ − 120 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 440∠120 𝑉
𝑉𝑎𝑏 440∠0 𝑉
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 88 𝐴
𝑍𝑎𝑏 5Ω
𝑉𝑏𝑐 440∠ − 120 𝑉

𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 86.716 ∠ − 68.66 𝐴
𝑍𝑏𝑐 6.403∠ − 51.340 Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑎 440∠120 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 65.522 ∠93.313 𝐴
𝑍𝑐𝑎 6.715 ∠26.687 Ω45 Ω
𝑃𝑎𝑏 = (𝐼𝑎𝑏)2𝑅𝑎𝑏 = (88)2 (5) = 38720 𝑊

𝑃𝑏𝑐 = (𝐼𝑏𝑐)2𝑅𝑏𝑐 = (86.716)2 (4) = 30078.659 𝑊
𝑃𝑐𝑎 = (𝐼𝑐𝑎)2𝑅𝑐𝑎 = (65.522)2 (6) = 25758.795 𝑊
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑎𝑏 + 𝑃𝑏𝑐 + 𝑃𝑐𝑎 = 38720 𝑊 + 30078.659 𝑊 + 25758.795 𝑊 = 𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟕. 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝑾
𝑄𝑎𝑏 = (𝐼𝑎𝑏)2𝑋𝑎𝑏 = 0
𝑄𝑏𝑐 = (𝐼𝑏𝑐)2𝑥𝑏𝑐 = (86.716)2 (5) = +𝑗 37598.323 𝑉𝐴𝑅
𝑄𝑐𝑎 = (𝐼𝑐𝑎)2𝑥𝑐𝑎 = (65.522)2 (3.016) = −𝑗 12948.088 𝑉𝐴𝑅
𝑄𝑡 = 𝑄𝑎𝑏 + 𝑄𝑏𝑐 + 𝑄𝑐𝑎 = 0 + 𝑗 37598.323 𝑉𝐴𝑅 − 𝑗 12948.088 𝑉𝐴𝑅 = +𝑗 𝟐𝟒𝟔𝟓𝟎. 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟑 𝑽𝑨𝑹
Practice Problem 2.2
Determine the total power absorbed by the load.

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
Y-Y, 3 wire unbalanced load
In solving Three-wire and four-wire systems with neutral requires mesh analysis to solve the
system requirements.
Example 2.3.
In the unbalanced Y-Y, three-phase circuit shown calculate the phase and line currents.
Ia
Ib
Ic
Solution:
𝑍𝑎 = +𝑗 100 Ω
𝑍𝑏 = 60 Ω
𝑍𝑐 = 80 Ω
𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 240∠0 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 240∠ − 120 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 240∠120 𝑉
IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
𝐼𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑.
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 1

240∠0 − 240∠ − 120 − (60 + j100) I1 + 60 (I2) = 0
−(116. 619∠59.036) 𝐼1 + 60 𝐼2 = 415.692∠ − 150
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 2

240∠ − 120 − 240∠120 − 140 𝐼2 + 60 𝐼1 = 0
(60 𝐼1) – 140 𝐼2 = 415.692∠90
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟’𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2
−(116. 619∠59.036) 60 415.692∠ − 150

[ ]| |
60 −140 415.692∠90
415.692∠ − 150 60
𝑑𝑒𝑡 [ ]
𝐼1 = 415.692∠90 −140 = 3.417 ∠ − 66.36 𝐴
−(116. 619∠59.036) 60
𝑑𝑒𝑡 [ ]
60 −140
−(116. 619∠59.036) 415.692∠ − 150

𝑑𝑒𝑡 [ ]
𝐼2 = 60 415.692∠90 = 4.351 ∠ − 82.243 𝐴
−(116. 619∠59.036) 60
𝑑𝑒𝑡 [ ]
60 −140
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏𝟕 ∠ − 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟔 𝑨
𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝟐 − 𝑰𝟏 = 4.351 ∠ − 82.243 𝐴 − 3.417 ∠ − 66.36 𝐴 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟕∠ − 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 𝑨
𝑰𝒄 = −𝑰𝟐 = −(𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟏 ∠ − 𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝑨) = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟏∠𝟗𝟕. 𝟕𝟓𝟕 𝑨
Alternate solution:
the line currents of a Y- Y unbalanced system can be solve by conveting the wye connected
load to its equivalent delta then proceed with the process of solving a wye-delta system.

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
(60)(𝑗 100 ) + ( 𝑗100)(80) + (80)(60)

𝑍𝑎𝑏 = 𝑍1 = = 185 ∠ 71.075 Ω = 60 + 𝑗175 Ω
80
(60)(𝑗 100 ) + ( 𝑗100)(80) + (80)(60)

𝑍𝑏𝑐 = 𝑍2 = = 148∠ − 18. 925Ω = 140 − 𝑗48 Ω
𝑗100
(60)(𝑗 100 ) + ( 𝑗100)(80) + (80)(60)

𝑍𝑐𝑎 = 𝑍3 = = 246.667∠ 71.075 Ω = 80 + 𝑗233.33 Ω
60
The new circuit will become
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 415. 692 ∠ 30 𝑉

𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 415. 692 ∠ − 90 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 415. 692 ∠ 150 𝑉
𝑉𝑎𝑏 415.69∠30 𝑉
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 2.247∠ − 41.075 𝐴
𝑍𝑎𝑏 185 ∠ 71.075 Ω
𝑉𝑏𝑐 415.69∠ − 90 𝑉
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 2.809 ∠ − 71. 075 𝐴
𝑍𝑏𝑐 148∠ − 18. 925Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑎 415.69∠150 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 1.685 ∠78.925 𝐴
𝑍𝑐𝑎 246.667∠ 71.075 Ω
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝑰𝒄𝒂 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟕∠ − 𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝑨 − 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝟓 ∠𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑨 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏𝟔 ∠ − 𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟓𝟖 𝑨
𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟎𝟗 ∠ − 𝟕𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝑨 − 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟕∠ − 𝟒𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝑨 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟕 ∠ − 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟓 𝑨
𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟖𝟓 ∠𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑨 − 𝟐. 𝟖𝟎𝟗 ∠ − 𝟕𝟏. 𝟎𝟕𝟓 𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟏∠ 𝟗𝟕. 𝟕𝟓𝟖 𝑨
Practice Problem 2.3
Refer to the Y-Y circuit shown, Solve for the line currents and the power in each phase if Z1=
10+j8 ohms, Z2= 8-j6 ohms and Z3= 6+j5 ohms.

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
∆ -Y unbalanced load
Ia
Ib
Ic
Solution:
𝑍𝑎 = 10 Ω
𝑍𝑏 = 8 + 𝑗(2𝜋 𝑥 60 𝑥 15.915 𝑚𝐻) = 8 + 𝑗6 Ω = 10∠ 36. 87 Ω
1
𝑍𝑐 = 6 – 𝑗 ( ) = 6 – 𝑗4 Ω = 7. 211∠ − 33.69 Ω
2𝜋 𝑥 60 𝑥 663.146 µ𝐹
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 120∠0 𝑉
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 120∠ − 120 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 120∠120 𝑉
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 1
120∠0 − (18 + 𝑗6) 𝐼1 + ( 8 + 𝑗6 ) 𝐼2 = 0

−(18 + 𝑗6) 𝐼1 + ( 8 + 𝑗6 ) 𝐼2 = −(120∠0)
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 2

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
(120∠ − 120 ) + (8 + 𝑗6) 𝐼1 − ( 14 + 𝑗2 ) 𝐼2 = 0

(8 + 𝑗6) 𝐼1 − ( 14 + 𝑗2 ) 𝐼2 = −(120∠ − 120)
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟’𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2
− (18 + j6) (8 + j6) −(120∠0)

[ ]| |
(8 + j6 ) −( 14 + j2 ) −(120∠ − 120)
−(120∠0) (8+𝑗6)
𝑑𝑒𝑡[ ]
−(120∠−120) −( 14+𝑗2 )
𝐼1 = − (18 + 𝑗6) (8+𝑗6 = 9.64 ∠-34.011 A
𝑑𝑒𝑡[ ]
8 + 𝑗6 −( 14+𝑗2 )
− (18 + j6) −(120∠0)

𝑑𝑒𝑡[ ]
8 + j6 −(120∠−120)
I2= − (18 + j6) (8+j6 = 7.463∠-78.024 A
det[ ]
8 + j6 −( 14+j2 )
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝟏 = 9.64 ∠ − 34.011 𝐴
𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝟏 − 𝑰𝟐 = 9.64 ∠ − 34.011 𝐴 − 7.463∠ − 78.024 𝐴 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟏𝟗∠ − 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟎𝟏 𝑨
𝑰𝒄 = −𝑰𝟐 = −( 7.463∠ − 78.024 𝐴 ) = 7.463∠101.976 𝑨
Alternate solution:
(10)(10∠ 36. 87 ) + ( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10) + (7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10∠ 36. 87)

𝑍𝑎𝑏 = 𝑍1 =
( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)
= 29.587 ∠ 40.149 Ω
(10)(10∠ 36. 87 ) + ( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10) + (7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10∠ 36. 87)

𝑍𝑏𝑐 = 𝑍2 = = 21.335∠ 6.459 Ω
10
(10)(10∠ 36. 87 ) + ( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10) + (7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10∠ 36. 87)

𝑍𝑐𝑎 = 𝑍3 =
10∠ 36. 87
= 21.335∠ − 30.410 Ω
𝑉𝑎𝑏 120∠0 𝑉
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = = = 4.056∠ − 40.149 𝐴
𝑍𝑎𝑏 29.587 ∠ 40.149 Ω
𝑉𝑏𝑐 120∠ − 120 𝑉

𝐼𝑏𝑐 = = = 5.625 ∠ − 126.459 𝐴
𝑍𝑏𝑐 21.335∠ 6.459 Ω
𝑉𝑐𝑎 120∠120 𝑉
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = = = 5.625 ∠150.41 𝐴
𝑍𝑐𝑎 21.335∠ − 30.410 Ω

IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝑰𝒄𝒂 = 4.056∠ − 40.149 𝐴 − 5.625 ∠150.41 𝐴 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟒𝟏∠ − 34.011 𝐴
𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 = 5.625 ∠ − 126.459 𝐴 − 4.056∠ − 40.149 𝐴 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟐 ∠ − 𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 𝑨
𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 5.625 ∠150.41 𝐴 − 5.625 ∠ − 126.459 𝐴 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟒∠ 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟔 𝑨
Practice Problem 2.4.
Refer to the circuit below, determine the load total active power using Mesh Analysis. Check
your answer using wye- delta transformation.
VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Problem Solving: Solve what is asked. Show your complete solution.
1. Three impedances, -j10, j10 and 10 ohms are wye connected. Determine the impedance of an
equivalent delta.
2. Given a three-phase system serving the following loads:

Vab= 200 cis 0 V Zab 10cis 53.13 ohms
Vbc= 200 cis 240 V Zbc= 10cis 0 ohms
Vca=220 cis 120 V Zab=10 cis 30 ohms
Determine the current on line a, b and c.
3. Given the following line voltages and two load impedances:

Vab= 117 cis 0 V Zab 5 + j12 ohms
Vbc= 117 cis 240 V Zbc= 13 + j0 ohms
Vca= 117 cis 120 V
Solve for the current in line b.
4. Three unequal single-phase loads so connected across the lines of a balanced, 3-phase, 230
volts circuit. The first takes 106 A at 0.78 pf lagging and is connected across lines 1 & 2. The
second takes 142 A, at 0.82 pf lagging and is connected across lines 2 & 3. And the third takes
28.4 kW at 0.77 pf lagging and is connected across lines 3 & 1. Find the three line currents.
IM No.07:EE 2- 2nd SEM-2020-2021
5. Three resistors 10, 15 and 30 ohmic values are connected in wye-configuration to a balanced
208 volt three-phase supply. Calculate the total power of the system.
6. A three-phase 230-V circuit serves two single-phase loads, A and B. Load A is an induction motor
rated 8 hp, 230 V, 0.70 pf, 0.90 efficiency, which is connected across lines a and b. Load B draws
5 kW at 1.0 pf and is connected across lines b and c. Assume a sequence of a-b-c, solve for the
total power factor of the load.
7. Three unequal single-phase loads so connected across the lines of a balanced, 3-phase, 230
volts circuit. The first takes 106 A at 0.78 pf lagging and is connected across lines 1 & 2. The
second takes 142 A at 0.82 pf lagging and is connected across 2 & 3. And the third takes 28.4
kW at 0.77 pf lagging. Determine total apparent power.
8. The phase b line voltage and the phase a line current of a balanced three-phase system are v
= 220 (sin wt + 210°) and i = 10 sin (wt - 30°), respectively. What is the power of the system?
9. The following information is given for a delta connected load of three numerically equal
impedances that differ in power factor. Line voltage = 120 volts. Zab= 15 cis 30 Ω; Zbc= 15 cis 0
Ω and Zac=15 cis 30 Ω phase sequence of voltages is a-bc. Using the phase sequence as a
guide, calculate the total power drawn by the load.
10. A three-phase motor takes 10 kVA at 0.6 pf lagging from a source of 230 volts. It is in parallel with
a balanced delta load having 16 ohms resistance and 12 ohms capacitive reactance in series
in each phase. Determine the total line current.
11. In AC circuit, find the total power in kW in an unbalanced three-phase circuit loaded as follows:
Phase I = 120 V, 100 A, unity pf. Phase II = 100 V, 230 A, 80% pf and phase III = 110 V, 85 A, 77%
pf.
12. Three impedances Zan = 20 + j0, Zbn = 16 + j12, Zcn = 5 – j15 ohms, are connected in wye across
a 230 V (line to line), 3-phase, 4-wire source. The phase sequence is a-b-c, counterclockwise.
Determine the current passing thru the neutral.
13. The loads of a wye connected transformer are: Ia = 10 cis (-30°); Ib = 12 cis 215°; Ic = 15 cis 82°.
What is the neutral current?
REFERENCES
B. L.Theraja, A.K. Theraja, Textbook of Electrical Technology Volume I –, S. Chand & Co.
Charles k. Alexander & Matthew N. Sadiku. (2000). Fundamentals of Electric Circuits. New York:
Mc Graww Hill Companies Inc.
Siskind, C. S. (1982). Electrical Circuits. Johannesburg: Mc- Graw Hill International Book
Company.


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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

DEGREE PROGRAM Bachelor of COURSE NO. EE 02

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

II. LESSON TITLE

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Phase currents can be calculated using ohm’s law.

𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝑰𝒄𝒂 𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 11

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 16.628∠30 𝐴 − 9.238 ∠150 𝐴 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟎𝟑 ∠𝟗. 𝟑𝟔𝟕 𝑨

𝑃𝑎𝑏 = (𝐼𝑎𝑏)2𝑅𝑎𝑏 = (16.628)2 (25) = 6912.2596 𝑊

𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑎𝑏 + 𝑃𝑏𝑐 + 𝑃𝑐𝑎 = 6912.2596 𝑊 + 5759.662 𝑊 + 3840.329 𝑊 = 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟏 𝑾

Practice Problem 2.1.

∆-∆ Unbalanced load

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 11

𝑉𝑏𝑐 440∠ − 120 𝑉

𝑃𝑎𝑏 = (𝐼𝑎𝑏)2𝑅𝑎𝑏 = (88)2 (5) = 38720 𝑊

𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑎𝑏 + 𝑃𝑏𝑐 + 𝑃𝑐𝑎 = 38720 𝑊 + 30078.659 𝑊 + 25758.795 𝑊 = 𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟕. 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝑾

Practice Problem 2.2

Determine the total power absorbed by the load.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 4 of 11

Y-Y, 3 wire unbalanced load

𝐼𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑.

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 1

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 2

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟’𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2

−(116. 619∠59.036) 60 415.692∠ − 150

−(116. 619∠59.036) 415.692∠ − 150

𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝟐 − 𝑰𝟏 = 4.351 ∠ − 82.243 𝐴 − 3.417 ∠ − 66.36 𝐴 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟕∠ − 𝟏𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝟑 𝑨

𝑰𝒄 = −𝑰𝟐 = −(𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟏 ∠ − 𝟖𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝑨) = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟓𝟏∠𝟗𝟕. 𝟕𝟓𝟕 𝑨

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 6 of 11

(60)(𝑗 100 ) + ( 𝑗100)(80) + (80)(60)

(60)(𝑗 100 ) + ( 𝑗100)(80) + (80)(60)

(60)(𝑗 100 ) + ( 𝑗100)(80) + (80)(60)

The new circuit will become

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 415. 692 ∠ 30 𝑉

Practice Problem 2.3

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 7 of 11

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 1

120∠0 − (18 + 𝑗6) 𝐼1 + ( 8 + 𝑗6 ) 𝐼2 = 0

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑀𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 2

(120∠ − 120 ) + (8 + 𝑗6) 𝐼1 − ( 14 + 𝑗2 ) 𝐼2 = 0

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑟’𝑠 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼2

− (18 + j6) (8 + j6) −(120∠0)

− (18 + j6) −(120∠0)

𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝟏 − 𝑰𝟐 = 9.64 ∠ − 34.011 𝐴 − 7.463∠ − 78.024 𝐴 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟏𝟗∠ − 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟎𝟏 𝑨

𝑰𝒄 = −𝑰𝟐 = −( 7.463∠ − 78.024 𝐴 ) = 7.463∠101.976 𝑨

(10)(10∠ 36. 87 ) + ( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10) + (7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10∠ 36. 87)

(10)(10∠ 36. 87 ) + ( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10) + (7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10∠ 36. 87)

(10)(10∠ 36. 87 ) + ( 7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10) + (7. 211∠ − 33.69)(10∠ 36. 87)

𝑉𝑏𝑐 120∠ − 120 𝑉

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 9 of 11

𝑰𝒃 = 𝑰𝒃𝒄 − 𝑰𝒂𝒃 = 5.625 ∠ − 126.459 𝐴 − 4.056∠ − 40.149 𝐴 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟐 ∠ − 𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 𝑨

𝑰𝒄 = 𝑰𝒄𝒂 − 𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 5.625 ∠150.41 𝐴 − 5.625 ∠ − 126.459 𝐴 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝟒∠ 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟔 𝑨

Practice Problem 2.4.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Problem Solving: Solve what is asked. Show your complete solution.

2. Given a three-phase system serving the following loads:

3. Given the following line voltages and two load impedances:

Solve for the current in line b.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 11 of 11

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