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 Yu-Jin Zhang (Ed.)
LNCS 9219

Image
and Graphics
8th International Conference, ICIG 2015
Tianjin, China, August 13–16, 2015
Proceedings, Part III

123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9219
Commenced Publication in 1973
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board
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Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Josef Kittler
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Jon M. Kleinberg
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Friedemann Mattern
ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
John C. Mitchell
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Moni Naor
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
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TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7412
Yu-Jin Zhang (Ed.)

Image
and Graphics
8th International Conference, ICIG 2015
Tianjin, China, August 13–16, 2015
Proceedings, Part III

123
Editor
Yu-Jin Zhang
Department of Electronic Engineering
Tsinghua University
Beijing
China

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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 Preface

These are the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Image and Graphics
(ICIG 2015), held in Tianjin, China, during August 13–16, 2015.
The China Society of Image and Graphics (CSIG) have organized this series of ICIG
conferences since 2000. This time, Microsoft Research Asia was the co-organizer, and
the Tianjin Society of Image and Graphics was again the host. Some information about
the past seven conferences, as well as the current one, can be found in the following
table:

Conference Place Date Sub. Proc.

First (ICIG 2000) Tianjin, China August 16–18 220 156
Second (ICIG 2002) Hefei, China August 15–18 280 166
Third (ICIG 2004) Hong Kong, China December 17–19 460 140
Fourth (ICIG 2007) Chengdu, China August 22–24 525 184
Fifth (ICIG 2009) Xi’an, China September 20–23 362 179
Sixth (ICIG 2011) Hefei, China August 12–15 329 183
Seventh (ICIG 2013) Qingdao, China July 26–28 346 181
Eighth (ICIG 2015) Tianjin, China August 13–16 345 170

This time, the proceedings are published by Springer in their LNCS series. The
titles, abstracts, and biographies of the five invited speakers of plenary talks are pre-
sented first. To ease in the search of a required paper in these proceedings, the 164
regular papers have been arranged in alphabetical order according to their titles.
Another six papers forming a special topic are included at the end.
Sincere thanks go to all the contributors (around 1,000), who came from around the
world to present their advanced works at this event. Special thanks go to the members
of Technical Program Committee (more than 100 with half from outside of mainland
China) who carefully reviewed every single submission and made their valuable
comments for improving the accepted papers.
The proceedings could not have been produced without the invaluable efforts of the
publication chairs, the web chairs, and a number of active members of CSIG.

June 2015 Yu-Jin Zhang

 Organizing Committee
(Alphabetical Listing)

Honorary Chairs
Thomas Huang University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Yunhe Pan Chinese Academy of Engineering, China
Guanhua Xu Ministry of Science and Technology, China

General Chairs
Chang Wen Chen State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
Wen Gao Peking University, China
Yong Rui Microsoft Research Asia, China

Program Committee Chairs

Ioannis Pitas Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Yu-Jin Zhang Tsinghua University, China
Ce Zhu University of Electronic Science and Technology, China

Publicity Chairs
Shuo Li GE Healthcare, Canada
Hanzi Wang Xiamen University, China

Publication Chairs
Yanwei Pang Tianjin University, China
Lei Wang University of Wollongong, Australia

Organizing Committee Chairs

Gang Cheng Tianjin Jinhang Computing Technology Research Institute,
China
Guohui Ding Tianjin Jinhang Computing Technology Research Institute,
China
Kailong Liu China Society of Image and Graphics, China
Tao Mei Microsoft Research Asia, China
Nenghai Yu University of Science and Technology of China, China
VIII Organizing Committee

Overseas Liaisons
Guobin Wu Microsoft Research Asia, China
Lun Yu Fuzhou University, China
David Zhang Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR China

Finance Chair
Boxia Xu Tianjin Jinhang Computing Technology Research Institute,
China

Exhibition Liaison
Xiaojuan Yu China Society of Image and Graphics

Web Chairs
Yang Xu Tianjin Society of Image and Graphics, China
Mandun Zhang Hebei University of Technology, China

Local Arrangements Chair

Dianguo Zhang Tianjin Jinhang Computing Technology Research Institute,
China

Technical Program Committee

Ru An Hohai University, China
Huihui Bai Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Xiao Bai Beihang University, China
Josep Blat Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain
Zhanchuan Cai Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau,
SAR China
Huibin Chang Tianjin Normal University, China
Chao Chen Rutgers University, USA
Fuhua Chen West Liberty University, USA
Jiansheng Chen Tsinghua University, China
Jyh-Cheng Chen National Yang Ming University, Taiwan, China
Wei Chen UIUC, ECE, USA
Mingming Cheng Nankai University, China
Wen-Huang Cheng Academia Sinica, Taiwan, China
Casey Chow University of Wollongong, Australia
Shen-Yang Dai Google Inc., USA
Xiang Deng GE Healthcare, China
Fuqing Duan Beijing Normal University, China
Thomas Fevens Concordia University, Canada
 Organizing Committee IX

Pascal Frossard École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland

Shujun Fu Shandong University, China
Fei Gao Siemens, USA
Junbin Gao Charles Sturt University, Australia
Yongying Gao Beijing Huaxingvision Technologies Co., Ltd., China
Zexun Geng Information and Engineering University, PLA, China
Guodong Guo West Virginia University, USA
Zhiqiang Hou Air Force Engineering University, China
Dong Hu Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Xuelong Hu Yangzhou University, China
Fan Jiang Facebook Inc., USA
Xiangwei Kong Dalian University of Technology, China
Adam Krzyzak Concordia University, Canada
Dengfeng Kuang Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Chaofeng Li Jiangnan University, China
Peihua Li Dalian University of Technology, China
Shuai Li University of Electronic Science and Technology, China
Xuelong Li Chinese Academy of Science, China
Zhu Li Samsung Telecomm America, USA
Haixia Liang Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
Jianming Liang University of Arizona, USA
Yawei Liang Royal Military College of Canada, Canada
Shu Liao Siemens Medical Solutions, USA
Baodi Liu China University of Petroleum, China
Jun Liu Beijing Normal University, China
Lingqia Liu University of Adelaide, Australia
Wenyu Liu Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
Xiaofeng Liu GE Global Research, USA
Xiao Min Liu Hologic Inc., USA
Huimin Lu Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
Le Lu NIH, USA
Bin Luo Anhui University, China
Xiongbiao Luo University of Western Ontario, Canada
Jianhua Ma Southern Medical University, China
Tao Mei Microsoft Research Asia, China
Yanwei Pang Tianjin University, China
Charley Paulus Canal+ (French TV channel), France
Mingtao Pei Beijing Institute of Technology, China
Son Lam Phung University of Wollongong, Australia
Qiuqi Ruan Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Bing Shen Purdue University, USA
Shengli Sheng University of Central Arkansas, USA
Yuying Shi North China Electric Power University, China
Weidong Sun Tsinghua University, China
Xue-Cheng Tai University of Bergen, Norway
Huachun Tan Beijing Institute of Technology, China
X Organizing Committee

Jinshan Tang Michigan Technological University, USA

Linmi Tao Tsinghua University, China
Yun Tian Beijing Normal University, China
Massimo Tistarelli University of Sassari PolComing, Italy
Yan Tong University of South Carolina, USA
Guanghui Wang University of Kansas, USA
Guijin Wang Tsinghua University, China
Hanzi Wang Xiamen University, China
Jiening Wang Civil Aviation University of China, China
Kai Wang Nankai University, China
Lei Wang University of Wollongong, Australia
Wei Wang Tongji University, China
Yuanquan Wang Tianjin University of Technology, China
Yu-Xiong Wang Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Zhijie Wang GE Healthcare, Canada
Chunlin Wu Nankai University, China
Guobin Wu Microsoft Research Asia, China
Jonathan Wu University of Windsor, Canada
Liang Xiao Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
Zhitao Xiao Tianjin Polytechnic University, China
Feng Xu Samsung, USA
Jing Xu Zhejiang Gongshang University, China
Ziyue Xu NIH, USA
Jing-Hao Xue University College London, UK
Fengbao Yang North University of China, China
Jinfeng Yang Civil Aviation University of China, China
Jufeng Yang Nankai University, China
Jianhua Yao NIH, USA
Hengyong Yu Wake Forest University USA
Nenghai Yu University of Science and Technology of China, China
Xin-Nan Yu Google, Inc., USA
Tieyong Zeng Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR China
Yinwei Zhan Guangdong University of Technology, China
Yiqiang Zhan Siemens Medical Solution, USA
Yongzhao Zhan Jiangsu University, China
Cha Zhang Microsoft, USA
Lei Zhang THALES, Hong Kong, SAR China
Qiang Zhang Dalian University, China
Xuebo Zhang Nankai University, China
Yu-Jin Zhang Tsinghua University, China
Xi-Le Zhao University of Electronic Science and Technology, China
Guoyan Zheng University of Bern, Switzerland
Jun Zhou Griffith University, Australia
Luping Zhou University of Wollongong, Australia
Shoujun Zhou Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Xiangrong Zhou Gifu University, Japan
 Organizing Committee XI

Ce Zhu University of Electronic Science and Technology, China

Xiao-Qin Zhu Cisco Systems Inc., USA
Yong-Gui Zhu Communication University of China, China
Xiahai Zhuang Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Wangmeng Zuo Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Plenary Talks
 From Shape-from-Shading Through e-Heritage
Katsushi Ikeuchi

The University of Tokyo

http://www.cvl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/*ki/katsu-index-j3.html

Abstract. This talk overviews my research activities

from the shape-from-shading through the current
e-Heritage project, which digitizes tangible and intangi-
ble heritage, analyzes such data for archaeological
research and displays in the cloud computer for preser-
vation and promotion.
I began my post-doctoral career at MIT working on
shape-from-shading under BKP Horn. Later, I began a
project at CMU, with Raj Reddy and Takeo Kanade, to
obtain not only shape but also reflectance. This attempt
later grew into image-based modeling. After returning to
Japan, I applied these modeling and analyzing techniques
for the preservation, analysis, and promotion of cultural heritage.
In this talk, I will not only cover current results but also overview the flow of
research conducted along this line with emphasis on what were the motivations and
how each research step moved into the next level of research; I will also try to extract
key lessons learned through these activities.
This is an extended version of my distinguished researcher award talk at
Barcelona ICCV with the addition of new archaeological findings obtained from the
analysis of the e-Heritage data.

References
1. Ikeuchi, K., Horn, B.K.P: Numerical shape from shading with occluding boundaries. AIJ 17,
141–184
2. Ikeuchi, K., Miyazaki, D.: Digitally Archiving Cultural Objects. Springer

Biography

Dr. Katsushi Ikeuchi is Professor at the University of Tokyo. He received a PhD degree
in Information Engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1978. After working at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s AI Lab for 2 years, at the Electro-technical
Lab, Japan, for 5 years, and Carnegie Mellon University for 10 years, he joined Tokyo
University in 1996. His research interest spans computer vision, robotics, and computer
graphics. He was general/program chair of more than a dozen international
conferences, including IROS 1995, CVPR 1996, ICCV 2003, ICRA 2009, and ICPR
XVI K. Ikeuchi

2012. He is an EIC of International Journal of Computer Vision. He has received

several awards, including the IEEE Marr Award, the IEEE RAS “most active
distinguished lecturer” award, and the IEEE PAMI-TC Distinguished Researcher
Award as well as ShijuHoushou (the Medal of Honor with purple ribbon) from the
Emperor of Japan. He is a fellow of the IEEE, IEICE, IPSJ, and RSJ.
Tasking on the Natural Statistics of Pictures and Videos
Alan Conrad Bovik

Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering (LIVE)

The University of Texas at Austin

Abstract. I will discuss a variety of topics related to the

statistics of pictures and videos of the real world, how
they relate to visual perception, and most importantly
how they can be used to accomplish perceptually
relevant picture-processing and video-processing tasks.
Underlying my talk is the thesis that pictures and videos
of the real world obey lawful statistical behavior that
can be modeled. These models supply useful statistical
priors that can be used to define or regularize the
solutions to a variety of visual problems. I will address
the application of these models to such visual tasks as
visual quality assessment, efficient video data delivery
in rate-adaptive network environments, face detection in
difficult environments, and depth estimation from a single image. I will describe the
ongoing work in LIVE in these areas and pose some general problems to be solved in
the future.

Biography

Al Bovik is the Curry/Cullen Trust Endowed Chair Professor at The University of

Texas at Austin. He has received a number of major awards from the IEEE Signal
Processing Society, including: the Society Award (2013); the Technical Achievement
Award (2005); the Best Paper Award (2009); the Education Award (2007); the
Magazine Best Paper Award (2013); the Distinguished Lecturer Award (2000); the
Young Author Best Paper Award (2013); and the Meritorious Service Award (1998).
He has also received the SPIE Technology Achievement Award in 2012, the IS&T
Honorary Membership in 2014, and was named Imaging Scientist of the Year by
IS&T/SPIE in 2011. He is the author/co-author of The Handbook of Image and Video
Processing, Modern Image Quality Assessment, and two recent books, The Essential
Guides to Image and Video Processing.
Al co-founded and was the longest-serving Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transac-
tions on Image Processing (1996–2002), and created and served as the first General
Chairman of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, held in Austin,
Texas, in November, 1994.
 Region of Interest Coding for Monitoring the Ground
with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Jörn Ostermann

Electrical Engineering and Communications Engineering

The University of Hannover and Imperial College London

Abstract. For the transmission of aerial surveillance

videos taken from unmanned aerial vehicles,
region-of-interest-based coding systems are of growing
interest in order to cope with the limited channel
capacities available. We present a fully automatic
detection and coding system that is capable of transmit-
ting HD-resolution aerial videos at bit rates below 1
Mbit/s. In order to achieve this goal, we extend the video
coder HEVC by affine global motion compensation.
Results of the computer vision algorithms control the
extended HEVC encoder.
For detection of moving objects, we analyze the
video and compare a motion-compensated previous
image with the current image. Image segmentation based on superpixels helps to select
entire moving objects. In order to achieve low false-positive rates and low data rates,
we use different motion-compensation algorithms for video analysis and video coding.
Depending on the size of the moving objects on the ground, we can save up to 90 %
of the data rate of regular HEVC without loss of image quality and the additional
benefit of providing a mosaic of the video with moving objects.

Biography

Jörn Ostermann studied Electrical Engineering and Communications Engineering at the

University of Hannover and Imperial College London, respectively. He received Dipl.-
Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degrees from the University of Hannover in 1988 and 1994,
respectively. From 1988 to 1994, he worked as Research Assistant at the Institut für
Theoretische Nachrichtentechnik conducting research in low bit-rate and object-based
analysis-synthesis video coding. In 1994 and 1995 he worked in the Visual
Communications Research Department at AT&T Bell Labs on video coding. He was
a member of Image Processing and Technology Research within AT&T Labs–
Research from 1996 to 2003. Since 2003 he is Full Professor and Head of the Institut
für Informationsverarbeitung at the Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH), Germany.
From 2007 to 2011, he served as head of the Laboratory for Information Technology.
From 1993 to 1994, he chaired the European COST 211 sim group coordinating
research in low bit-rate video coding. Within MPEG-4, he organized the evaluation of
 Region of Interest Coding for Monitoring XIX

video tools to start defining the standard. He chaired the Ad Hoc Group on Coding of
Arbitrarily Shaped Objects in MPEG-4 Video. Since 2008, he has been the Chair of the
Requirements Group of MPEG (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29 WG11). From 2011 to 2013, he
served as Dean of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at LUH.
Jörn was a scholar of the German National Foundation. In 1998, he received the
AT&T Standards Recognition Award and the ISO award. He is a Fellow of the IEEE
(class of 2005) and member of the IEEE Technical Committee on Multimedia Signal
Processing and past chair of the IEEE CAS Visual Signal Processing and Commu-
nications (VSPC) Technical Committee. Jörn served as a Distinguished Lecturer of the
IEEE CAS Society (2002/2003). He has published more than 100 research papers and
book chapters. He is coauthor of a graduate-level textbook on video communications.
He holds more than 30 patents.
His current research interests are video coding and streaming, computer vision, 3D
modeling, face animation, and computer–human interfaces.
 Big Data in Smart City
Deren Li

State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping,

and Remote Sensing,
Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China

Abstract. In this lecture, I will introduce the concept of

smart city and summarize its development process. Then,
I will describe the key technologies of smart cities and
the proposed smart city infrastructure. Smart city is based
on digital city, Internet of Things (IOT), and cloud
computing, which will integrate the real world with the
digital world. In order to achieve a comprehensive
awareness and control of people and things, with
intelligent service followed, smart city with mass sensors
will continue to collect vast amounts of data, called big
data. Typical types of big data such as geospatial image,
graph and video data, are analyzed in my talk. The big
data of smart city are not only a frontier, but also the
driving force to promote the development of smart city, which will bring new
opportunities and challenges. I will also propose a strategy for dealing with big data and
will define the basic framework for a smart city big data operation center, which will
eventually lead to a bright future for smart cities.

Keywords: Smart city; Big data; Digital city; IOT; Cloud computing; Intelligence
service; Data mining; smart city big data operation center

Biography

Prof. Dr.-Ing Li Deren is a researcher in photogrammetry and remote sensing, and is a

member of both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of
Engineering as well as the Euro-Asia International Academy of Science. He is a
professor and PhD supervisor at Wuhan University, and is Vice-President of the
Chinese Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, and Chairman of the
Academic Commission of Wuhan University and the National Laboratory for
Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS).
He has concentrated on research and education in spatial information science and
technology represented by remote sensing (RS), global navigation satellite systems
(GNSSs), and geographic information systems (GISs). His majors are analytic and
digital photogrammetry, remote sensing, mathematical morphology and its application
 Big Data in Smart City XXI

in spatial databases, theories of object-oriented GIS and spatial data mining in GIS, as
well as mobile mapping systems, etc.
Professor Deren Li served as Comm. III and Comm. VI President of ISPRS in the
periods 1988–1992 and 1992–1996, worked for CEOS during 2002–2004, and was
president of the Asia GIS Association during 2003–2006. He received the title Dr.h.c.
from ETH in 2008. In 2010 and 2012 he was elected ISPRS fellow and honorary
member.
 Computing Paradigms: Transformation
and Opportunities
Thinking on Data Science and Machine Intelligence

Jinpeng Huai
President, Beihang University, China

Abstract. The arrival of the big data era is changing our

traditional understanding and methodologies of comput-
ing. This includes, for example, the possibility of
accessing enormous and statistically diversified data in
their entirety, the shift from exactitude to inexactitude
and from the pursuit of accuracy to quick forecasts of
macro trends, and the possibility of extracting correla-
tions across domains.
On the verge of this paradigm shift, we advocate
three important features desirable in big data computa-
tion: inexactness, incrementalness, and inductiveness (3
Is). Firstly, finding inexact solutions with bounds shall
substitute seeking exact solutions in the traditional regime. Secondly, incremental
models and algorithms are desired to accommodate data that are being continuously
and rapidly produced and updated.
Finally, correlations hidden among multiple data sources present greater demands
for induction and pattern generalization. We will discuss relevant scientific problems
exemplifying these three computing features.

Biography

Dr. Huai Jinpeng, born in December 1962, is Fellow of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences and President of Beihang University (BUAA) in Beijing, China. He received
his PhD in Computer Science from Beihang University.
Dr. Huai’s research focus has been on computer science and software. His work has
effectively broken through the limitations and difficulties of network resource sharing
and utilization. He has established algebraic theories and algorithms for cryptographic
protocol analyses, which greatly improved the security of critical information systems.
He has also proposed a “zero-programming” model for process-oriented software
developments, which significantly enhanced the automatic development of large-scale
distributed applications. These works have benefited China’s economic and social
development.
Dr. Huai has won many prominent awards, including second prize in the National
Award of Scientific and Technological Advancement (twice), second prize in the
National Award of Technological Invention, the Scientific and Technological
Advancement Award from the Ho Leung Ho Lee Fund, the 4th IET-Founder
 Computing Paradigms: Transformation and Opportunities XXIII

University President Award, and the insignia of Knight of French National Order of the
Legion of Honor. He has published more than 120 papers, owns more than 30 Chinese
patents, has been invited to 14 international conferences as a keynote speaker, and has
chaired conferences of considerable importance, such as WWW 2008 and SRDS 2007.
Dr. Huai has been Chief Scientist on the Steering Committees on the IT domain and
advanced computing technology subject, both of the National High-Tech R&D
Program (863 Program), since 2001. He is also Chair of the Steering Committee on
Foundational Software for National Science and Technology Major Project and Deputy
Chair of the China Computer Federation. He has made significant contributions to
national strategic R&D planning and the industrialization of information technology,
especially computing in China.
 Contents – Part III

Pan-Sharpening via Coupled Unitary Dictionary Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Shumiao Chen, Liang Xiao, Zhihui Wei, and Wei Huang

Partial Differential Equation Inpainting Method Based on Image

Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fang Zhang, Ying Chen, Zhitao Xiao, Lei Geng, Jun Wu, Tiejun Feng,
Ping Liu, Yufei Tan, and Jinjiang Wang

Patch-Based Visual Tracking with Two-Stage Multiple Kernel Learning . . . . 20

Heng Fan and Jinhai Xiang

Pattern Classification for Dermoscopic Images Based on Structure Textons

and Bag-of-Features Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Yang Li, Fengying Xie, Zhiguo Jiang, and Rusong Meng

Performance-Driven Facial Expression Real-Time Animation Generation . . . . 46

Zhang Mandun, Huo Jianglei, Na Shenruoyang, and Huang Chunmeng

Person Re-identification with Density-Distance Unsupervised Salience

Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Baoliang Zhou, Aihua Zheng, Bo Jiang, Chenglong Li, and Jin Tang

Phase Unwrapping Method Based on Heterodyne Three Frequency

Non-equal Step Phase Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Lei Geng, Yang Liu, Zhitao Xiao, Jun Wu, Yang Zhang, Fei Yuan,
Zhenjie Yang, Peng Gan, Jingjing Su, and Kun Ye

Photon Shooting with Programmable Scalar Contribution Function . . . . . . . . 80

Quan Zheng and Changwen Zheng

Real-Time Locating Method for Palmvein Image Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Yaqin Liu, Yujia Zhou, Shirong Qiu, Jirui Qin, and Yixiao Nie

Real-Time Panoramic Image Mosaic via Harris Corner Detection

on FPGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Lu Chen, Jing Han, Yi Zhang, and Lian-fa Bai

Real-Time Robust Video Stabilization Based on Empirical Mode

Decomposition and Multiple Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Jun Yu, Chang-wei Luo, Chen Jiang, Rui Li, Ling-yan Li,
and Zeng-fu Wang
XXVI Contents – Part III

Real-Time Underwater Image Contrast Enhancement Through Guided

Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Huimin Lu, Yujie Li, Xuelong Hu, Shiyuan Yang, and Seiichi Serikawa

Recent Progress of Structural Variations Detection Algorithms Based

on Next-Generation Sequencing: A Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Zhen-Le Wei

Recognition of In-air Handwritten Chinese Character Based on Leap

Motion Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Ning Xu, Weiqiang Wang, and Xiwen Qu

Relations Between Minkowski-Reduced Basis and h-orthogonal Basis

of Lattice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Yuyun Chen, Gengran Hu, Renzhang Liu, Yanbin Pan, and Shikui Shang

Research on Image Quality Assessment in Foggy Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Wenjun Lu, Congli Li, Xiaoning Sun, and Song Xue

Research on Vehicle Type Classification Based on Spatial Pyramid

Representation and BP Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Shaoyue Song and Zhenjiang Miao

RGB-D Sensors Calibration for Service Robots SLAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Yue Sun, Jingtai Liu, and Lei Sun

Road Detection Based on Image Boundary Prior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Huan Wang, Yan Gong, Yangyang Hou, and Ting Cao

Robust and Real-Time Lane Marking Detection for Embedded System . . . . . 223
Yueting Guo, Yongjun Zhang, Sha Liu, Jun Liu, and Yong Zhao

Robust Contour Tracking via Constrained Separate Tracking of Location

and Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Huijun Di, Linmi Tao, and Guangyou Xu

Robust Face Hallucination via Similarity Selection and Representation . . . . . 247

Feng Liu, Ruoxuan Yin, Zongliang Gan, Changhong Chen,
and Guijin Tang

Robust Face Recognition with Locality-Sensitive Sparsity and Group

Sparsity Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Xi Sun, Wentao Chan, and Lei Qu

Robust Salient Object Detection and Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Hong Li, Wen Wu, and Enhua Wu

Rough Lane Marking Locating Based on Adaboost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Wuwen Jin and Mingwu Ren
 Contents – Part III XXVII

S-box: L-L Cascade Chaotic Map and Line Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Ye Tian and Zhimao Lu

Scene Character and Text Recognition: The State-of-the-Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Chongmu Chen, Da-Han Wang, and Hanzi Wang

Segmentation of Intra-retinal Layers in 3D Optic Nerve Head Images . . . . . . 321

Chuang Wang, Yaxing Wang, Djibril Kaba, Haogang Zhu, You Lv,
Zidong Wang, Xiaohui Liu, and Yongmin Li

Simple, Accurate, and Robust Nonparametric Blind Super-Resolution . . . . . . 333

Wen-Ze Shao and Michael Elad

Simulation of Interaction Between Fluid and Deformable Bodies . . . . . . . . . 349

Ka-Hou Chan, Wen Wu, and Wei Ke

Single Image Dehazing Based on Visual-Physical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Wang Lin, Bi Du-Yan, Li Quan-He, and He Lin-Yuan

Single Image Super Resolution Algorithm with a New Dictionary Learning

Technique K-Eigen Decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Yingyue Zhou, Hongbin Zang, Su Xu, and Hongying Zhang

Single Remote Sensing Image Haze Removal Based on Spatial and Spectral
Self-Adaptive Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Quan Yuan, Huanfeng Shen, and Huifang Li

Small Infrared Target Detection Based on Low-Rank Representation . . . . . . . 393

Min Li, Yu-Jie He, and JinLi Zhang

Sophisticated Tracking Framework with Combined Detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Gwangmin Choe, Tianjiang Wang, Qi Feng, Chunhwa Choe,
Sokmin Han, and Hun Kim

Sparse Representation-Based Deformation Model for Atlas-Based

Segmentation of Liver CT Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Changfa Shi, Jinke Wang, and Yuanzhi Cheng

Survey of Astronomical Image Processing Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Hai Jing Zhu, Bo Chong Han, and Bo Qiu

Synthesis of High Dynamic Range Image Based on Logarithm Intensity

Mapping Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Shaojun Zhang, Sheng Zhang, Hailong Cheng, and Chuan Jiang

Temporal Domain Group Sparse Representation Based Cloud Removal

for Remote Sensing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Xinghua Li, Huanfeng Shen, Huifang Li, and Qiangqiang Yuan
XXVIII Contents – Part III

Text to Head Motion Synthesis for Chinese Sign Language Avatar . . . . . . . . 453
Wenjing He, Junfa Liu, and Yiqiang Chen

The Real-Time Vision System for Fabric Defect Detection with Combined
Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Pengfei Li, Zhuo Zhao, Lei Zhang, Hongwei Zhang, and Junfeng Jing

The Research of Long Time Occlusion Problem Based on Object

Permanence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Xiang-Dan Hou and Ming-Jing Zhang

The Segmentation Interventricular Septum from MR Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Qian Zheng, Zhentai Lu, Minghui Zhang, Shengli Song, Huan Ma,
Lujuan Deng, Zhifeng Zhang, Qianjin Feng, and Wufan Chen

Two-Stage Learning to Robust Visual Track via CNNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Dan Hu, Xingshe Zhou, Xiaohao Yu, and Zhiqiang Hou

Undersampled Dynamic MRI Reconstruction by Double Sparse

Spatiotemporal Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Juerong Wu, Dongxiao Li, Xiaotian Qiao, Lianghao Wang,
and Ming Zhang

Underwater Image Devignetting and Colour Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Yujie Li, Huimin Lu, and Seiichi Serikawa

Video Based Face Tracking and Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Changwei Luo, Jun Yu, Zhigang Zheng, Bin Cai, Lingyun Yu,
and Zengfu Wang

Video Stabilization via Piecewise Linear L1 Optimization for Airship Earth

Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Xiaozhou Xu, Jing Yu, and Weidong Sun

Special Topic: Edutainment and Application

Automated Procedural Generation of Urban Environments Using Open

Data for City Visualisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
David Tully, Abdennour El Rhalibi, Zhigeng Pan, Christopher Carter,
and Sud Sudirman

Nonlocal and Nonlinear Model in Image Editing Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Yanxia Bao, Yang Shen, and Xinting Wang

Mesh Extraction from a Regular Grid Structure Using Adjacency Matrix . . . . 562
David Tully, Abdennour El Rhalibi, Zhigeng Pan, Christopher Carter,
and Sud Sudirman
 Contents – Part III XXIX

Investigation on the Influence of Visual Attention on Image Memorability . . . 573

Wulin Wang, Jiande Sun, Jing Li, Qiang Wu, and Ju Liu

Predicting and Visualising City Noise Levels to Support Tinnitus Sufferers. . . 583
William Hurst, Graham Davis, Abdennour El Rhalibi, David Tully,
and Zhigeng Pan

Heart-Creates-Worlds: An Aesthetic Driven Fitness Training System . . . . . . . 599

Lizhen Han, Mingmin Zhang, Feng Tian, and Xinting Wang

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609

 Pan-Sharpening via Coupled Unitary
Dictionary Learning

Shumiao Chen1(&), Liang Xiao1,2, Zhihui Wei1, and Wei Huang1

1
School of Computer Science and Engineering,
Nanjing University of Science and Technology,
Xiaolingwei Street 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
chenshumiao@126.com,
{xiaoliang,gswei}@mail.njust.edu.cn, hnhw235@163.com
2
Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional
Information of Ministry of Education,
Xiaolingwei Street 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a new pan-sharpening method by coupled

unitary dictionary learning and clustered sparse representation. First, we ran-
domly sample image patch pairs from the training images exclude the smooth
patches, and divide these patch pairs into different groups by K-means clus-
tering. Then, we learn sub-dictionaries offline from corresponding group patch
pairs. Particularly, we use the principal component analysis (PCA) technique to
learn sub-dictionaries. For a given LR MS patch, we adaptively select one
sub-dictionary to reconstruct the HR MS patch online. Experiments show that
the proposed method produces images with higher spectral resolution while
maintaining the high-quality spatial resolution and gives better visual perception
compared with the conventional methods.

Keywords: Pan-sharpening
Sparse representation
Sub-dictionaries

learning
K-means clustering

1 Introduction

Many optical Earth observation satellites, such as QuickBird, Worldview2, and IKO-
NOS, provide two types of images: high resolution panchromatic images (PAN) and
low resolution multispectral (MS) images. The multispectral image lacks high spatial
quality and the panchromatic image has low spectral quality. However, there are a
number of applications in remote sensing that require images of both high spatial and
high spectral resolutions, such as object detection, land-cover classification, map
updating [1]. The fusion of PAN and MS images is called “pan-sharpening”. It pro-
vides a solution to this by fusing a high spatial resolution MS image from the input
LR MS image and the HR PAN image.

1.1 Related Work

Over the years, a large collection of pan-sharpening methods has been proposed, which
usually consider physics of the remote sensing process and make some assumptions on
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Y.-J. Zhang (Ed.): ICIG 2015, Part III, LNCS 9219, pp. 1–10, 2015.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21969-1_1
2 S. Chen et al.

the original PAN and MS images. These fusion methods can be classified into three
categories. First, projection-substitution methods assume that the PAN is equivalent to
the structural component of the MS images when projected the MS images into a new
space, for example, Intensity-Hue-Saturation Technique (IHS) [2] and its modifications
such as the adaptive IHS (AIHS) [3], Principal Components Analysis (PCA) [4],
Brovey transform [5]. Second, spatial details injection methods assume that the missing
spatial information in the MS images can be obtained from the high frequencies of the
PAN, such as wavelet-based fusion [6]. Third, the inverse-problem-based methods are
used to restore the original high-resolution MS images from its degraded versions, i.e.,
the HR PAN and LR MS images.
Recently, Li and Zhu et al. proposed a novel pan-sharpening method using a
compressed sensing technique and sparse representation [7, 8]. A critical issue in
sparse representation modeling is the determination of dictionary. Li and Zhu gen-
erated the dictionary by randomly sampling or extracting all raw patches from the
training image directly. In addition, analytically designed dictionaries, such as DCT,
wavelet, curvelet, and contourlets, share the advantages of fast implementation.
However, they lack the adaptivity to image local structures. There has been much
effort in learning dictionaries from example image patches, such as K-SVD [9],
leading to state-of-the-art results. These dictionary learning methods aim at learning a
universal and over-complete dictionary to represent various image structures. How-
ever, the image contents can vary significantly across images. Sparse decomposition
over a highly redundant dictionary is potentially unstable and tends to generate visual
artifacts [10, 11]. One may argue that a well-learned over-complete dictionary can
sparsely code all of the possible image structures; nonetheless, for each given image
patch, such a “universal” dictionary is neither optimal nor efficient because many
atoms in the dictionary are irrelevant to the given local patch. These irrelevant atoms
will not only reduce the computational efficiency in sparse coding but also reduce the
representation accuracy.

1.2 Our Contributions

In this paper, we propose an adaptive sparse domain selection scheme for sparse
representation. A set of compact sub-dictionaries is learned from the PAN image
patches, which are clustered into many clusters. Since each cluster consists of many
patches with similar patterns, a compact sub-dictionary can be learned for each
cluster. In particular, we use the PCA to learn each sub-dictionary for simplicity. For a
LR MS image patch to be coded, the best sub-dictionary that is most relevant to the
given patch is selected. Thus, the given patch can be better represented by the
adaptively selected sub-dictionary. Therefore, the whole image can be more accu-
rately reconstructed than using a universal dictionary, which will be validated by our
experiments.
The rest of this paper is organized into four sections. Section 2 presents the pro-
posed method. Numerical experiments and discussions are presented in Sect. 3. Con-
clusions are given in Sect. 4.
 Pan-Sharpening via Coupled Unitary Dictionary Learning 3

2 Proposed Work

Pan-sharpening requires a low-resolution multispectral (LR MS) image Y with N

channels and a high-resolution panchromatic(HR PAN) image Xh and aims at
increasing the spatial resolution of Y while keeping its spectral information, i.e.,
generating an HR MS image X utilizing both Y and Xh as inputs. While the SparseFI
algorithm in Ref. [8] has achieved a very good pan-sharpening result compared with
other conventional methods, there is still much room to improve this algorithm,
especially in the dictionary training stage. In order to exploit the group similarity
among image patch pairs, we propose coupled dictionary learning and clustered sparse
representation method to improve the quality of the recovered HR MS image. The
proposed method consists of three main steps: (1) coupled unitary sub-dictionaries
learning; (2) sparse coefficients estimation; and (3) HR multispectral image recon-
struction (see Fig. 1).

HR PAN Image: X h

LR PAN Image: Xl

E h = X h − Xl 4 1-D filtered images

Patch pairs: p = {p h , pl }
K clusters: {p1 , p 2 ,..., p K }

ˆ k = {D
Sub-dictionary pairs: D ˆ k,D ˆ k}
h l
2
ˆ = arg min p − p D D
D k k k k kT
s.t . DkT Dk = I
k
D F

LR MS Image: Y
for i = 1,..., N 4 1-D filtered patch: yˆ i
select the corresponding subdictionary
ki = arg min yˆi − μk 2
sparse coefficients 2
αˆ k = arg min ˆ kα k
yˆik − D +λ αk
k l 0
α 2
then we can obtain HR MS image patches
xˆik = Dkhα k

HR MS Image: X̂

Fig. 1. Flow chart of the proposed method.

2.1 Coupled Unitary Sub-dictionaries Learning

The HR PAN image Xh is low-pass filtered and downsampled by a factor such that it
has a final point spread function similar to a sampling grid identical to the multispectral
channels, and then scaled-up by a bicubic interpolation operator that fills in the missing
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