PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Communication
 A process by which people send messages or exchange ideas or thoughts with one
another in a verbal and non- verbal manner.
 Comes from the Latin word “communicare” meaning to share, to unite, or to have
things in common
 “communis” means commonness
Concepts/definitions of Communication
 Leagans (1961) • a process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings, or impression
in such ways that each gains a common understanding of the meaning and use of messages.
 Rogers (1983) • the process by which the message is being transmitted from the source to the receiver.
 Brooker (1949) • Anything that conveys meaning that carries a message from one person to another.
 Thayer (1968) • A mutual interchange of ideas by any effective means.
Process of Communication

1. Sender generates an idea in mind.

2. Idea is converted into words, pictures, sounds, symbols, or actions. (encoding the idea)
3. Encoded idea is transmitted to the receiver
4. Receiver receives the encoded message through the senses and perceives it in the mind.
5. Receiver decodes or converts the messages back into meaningful ideas in his own mind.
Factors affecting communication

 Communicator/ Sender
 Message
 Channel
 Treatment of message
 Audience/ Receiver
 Feedback / Audience Response
• Acceptance vs Rejection
• Mental vs Physical Action
• Remembering vs Forgetting
• Right vs Wrong
 Noise (external or internal)
Characteristics of Feedback

1. Intention
2. Specificity
3. Description
4. Usefulness
5. Timeliness
6. Clarity
7. Validity and reliability
8. Readiness
Problems in communication
1. Language or code
2. Not listening
3. Overconfidence, egoism, complacency
4. Information overload
5. Insufficient information
6. Difference in thinking/perceptions, beliefs, and prejudice
7. Life positions: essentiality of proper mindset
8. Physical environment
9. Inarticulateness
10. Disorganized communication
11. Lack of empathy
12. Too ahead of audience understanding
Levels of communication
 Intrapersonal
 Interpersonal
 Organizational
 Inter-organizational

Functions of Non-Verbal Communication

1. Reinforcement- “the amount of redundancy nonverbal communication adds to the verbal message”
2. Substitution- “using a nonverbal action or cue instead of speaking”
3. Contradiction- “the use of a nonverbal message to negate the verbal message”
4. Accentuation- “the use of nonverbal cues to intensify the verbal message”
5. Regulation- “the turn taking cues of conversational order” -- "The Modern Communicator" by Daniel
Oneil and Adam Earnhardt
Functions of Verbal Communication
1. Helps us define reality
2. Helps us organize complex ideas and experiences into meaningful categories
3. Helps us think
4. Helps us shape our attitudes about our world

Principles of Communication
1. Communication is Schemata-driven
Communication makes you send or receive messages from somebody by activating your schemata,
experiences, or background knowledge that you have stored in your brain since your early
developmental stages.
 Communication is Schemata-driven
It begins with yourself, you begin with what you have already known or understood about the
subject matter of the communicative act. Transmitted messages become understandable or
meaningful because of your innate or old knowledge about the messages.
2. Communication is an interpretative act. The only person who knows the exact or full meaning of the
messages transmitted is the sender or speaker. Being the creator or source of the ideas, he has absolute
knowledge about this message.
3. Communication does not guarantee a direct or automatic link between two minds. These forms of
knowledge become meaningful only to others when you initiate communication with them.
4. Communication is active powerful or forceful
5. Communication is symbolic
6. Communication always results in something