PAPER

IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

BY :

GROUP 2 :

1. Jeniari Adelia Mone (2110030195)

2. Novita Agnes De Fatima (2110030110)
3. Arnoldus Yansen Atulolon ( 2110030161
4. Lidia Ferni Setia (2110030090)
5. Juwita Siany Koy (2110030084)
6. Atalya R.P.E Fanda (2110030262)
7. Reyfandy Lay (2110030120)
8. Arni Ndun (2110030160)

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

MANAGEMENT STUDY PROGRAM
NUSA CENDANA UNIVERSITY
 FOREWORD

Thank you God Almighty for giving us the opportunity to complete this paper. By His grace
and love we were able to finish this paper with the title "IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION "

We realize that the process of writing this paper is still far from perfection due to the
limited knowledge we have. Therefore, we apologize for any shortcomings contained in this
paper and we really hope for constructive criticism and suggestions from readers for the
perfection of this paper.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Technological developments have made many remarkable progress. Many things
from life sector that has used the existence of the technology itself. Presence has a
considerable impact on the lives of human beings in various aspects and dimensions.
Likewise with the communication technology is hardware equipment in the
organizational structure that contains social value that enables individuals to collect,
process and exchange information (in Rogers, 1986). Such a situation, in which a
technology capable of changing something that may not be possible to be a reality. For
example, if the first person can not talk to other people who are in a place that is far
away, then aſter the phone people can talk without limits of time and distance. From
here, beginning with the discovery of a variety of simple devices, ranging from phones,
analog-based, developed and developing countries continue to emerge many other
electronic devices. Until finally this technology integrate with one another. Existing
communication technology is an answer from any of the times. This occurs because of
growing human civilization developed a technology that will continue to experience
growth pattern to align civilization itself.
The term information technology became popular in the late 70s. In the past the
term information technology or computer technology called electronic data processing
(electronic data processing). Information technology is defined as technology processing
and dissemination of data using hardware (hardware) and soſtware (so ſtware),
computer, communications, and digital electronics. Information and communication
technology is an important element in the life of the nation. The role of information
technology in human activity at this time was so great. Information technology has
become the main facility for the activities of the various sectors of life which contributed
greatly to the change - a fundamental change in the operation and management of
organizational structure, education, transportation, health and research. Therefore it is
very important to increase the ability of the human resources (HR) ICT, ranging from
skills and knowledge, planning, operation, maintenance and supervision, as well as
increasing the ability of ICT leaders in government, education, corporate, SME (small
and medium enterprises) and NGOs. So that in the end will produce output that is useful
to humans as individuals themselves and for all sectors of life.
1.2 Problem Formulation
a. What is the information and communication technology?
b. What are the implications of IT and the internet?
c. How information and communication technology in education?
d. What is the impact in the field of education?

1.3 Destnation
a. Outlines what is meant by information and communication technology
b. Describe the implications of IT and the Internet
c. Describes how information and communication technologies in education
d. Describe the impact in the field of education
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Information and Communication Technology

Judging from the wording, information and communication technology is
composed of 3 (three) each word has its own meaning. The first word, technology, means
the development and application of tools, machines, materials and processes that help
people complete the problem. The term technology is oſten portray discovery of new
tools using the principles and processes of scientific discovery. Said second and third,
information and communication, closely related to the data.
Means of information processing results, manipulation and organizing a group of
data that gives the value of knowledge (knowledge) for its users. Communication is a
process of delivering information (messages, ideas, ideas) from one party to another to
enable the interplay between the two. In general, communication is done by using the
words (verbal) that can be understood by both parties. If no verbal language that can be
understood by both, communication can still be done non- verbally using body
movements or showing certain atudes, such as smiling, shaking his head, or a
shrugged.
Many opinions which defines information and communication technologies with
different languages. Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) defines information
technology as technology development and application of computer and
communications-based technologies for processing, presenting, managing data, and
information. This definition includes the manufacture of hardware and computer
components, computer soſtware development and various computer- related services,
along with communication equipment as well as manufacturing of components and
services. According to the Oxford English Dictionary 2nd edition, is the definition of
information technology hardware (hardware) and soſtware (soſtware), including
networks and telecommunications are typically included in the context of a business or
enterprise. The term information technology become a part of the operations of the
electronic device that utilizes computer.
2.2 Developmentof Communication Technology
Current technology needs, both information technology and telecommunications
are very high from the start of middle class and upper middle class. All individuals
desperately need technology to accelerate the development or increase the development
of both individual and group development. Technological development today is very fast
communication technology, which presents a selection of forms of technology and
sophistication. The development of the communication itself is actually in line with the
life and existence of man himself. There are four major defining point in the history of
human communication. According Nordenstreng and Varis (1973) are:
1. Acquisition (aquisition) language that is at the same time with the birth of man.
2. Alongside the development of the art of writing based on speech communication.
reproduction of the written word (written words) by using alt printer, so
3. Enable the realization of the actual mass communication.
4. The advent of electronic communication, starting from the telegraph, telephone,
radio, television, to satellite
(Quoted from the Perspective of Communication Technology Background &
Progress, Zulkarimein Nasution. 1989: page 15). Meanwhile, according to Alvin To ffler,
there are three civilizations in the development of the technology itself, the agricultural
age, the industrial age and the last time information (quoted from the Perspective of
Communication Technology Background & Progress, Zulkarimein Nasution.1989: case
2). Previously just look back, that fact itself communication technologies have emerged
since the Age Pre-History. Where at that time people have been able to use a form of
communication. But its form, is still very simple. For example, limited forms of organ
motion, the images as a language, the sounds of bones and so on. But even so, it has been
considered as an appropriate form of communication at the time.
Subsequent developments have progressed a step a little better, for example, in a
letter pictograf form of communication used by the Sumerians, hierogliph by the Ancient
Egyptians. At that time both types of letters are also o ſten used when a king gives a kind
of regulatory rules for the people who will put in the middle of the city where the shape
is like building the monument, known as Act- shaped memorial. Advancement of
communication technology felt better aſter the invention of paper by the Chinese people
made from Papyrus leaf fibers. This development even today is still used and very useful
 for mankind. Such as the paper used in printing newspapers or newspapers, magazines,
books and so forth.
Furthermore the development of human knowledge, the communication technology
is getting better. Starting with the invention of the steam engine by James Watt who is
opening the Industrial Revolution, causing a variety of effects that trigger other
technologies. One step that is truly extraordinary, which led to the discovery of one thing
the emergence of various other things. Invention of the telephone which was found in
1876, is the development of communications technology with the application of the
concept of using analog. This lasted until about the 1960s. And only then leads to a
digital concept.
Then the subsequent development of the discovery of which is the use of facsimile
communication by giving the data that can be passed through a media phone. So it is
with the development of computers. The first computer ENIAC II is introduced. Used in
1946, aſter the second world war. This computer is an electronic circuit that has a tube
light weight of 20 tons. With the beginning of this computer in the context of digital
communications technologies evolved by leaps and bounds. Digital era itself came a ſter
the satellite was found and in the kinds of discoveries that have activities.Various there is
a little much to change the life style of the people themselves.

2.3 Implications of IT and Internet Education

IT and Internet history can not be separated from education. Internet in the United
States began to grow from the academic environment (NSFNET), as told in the book
"Nerds 2.0.1". Similarly, the Internet in Indonesia began to grow within the academic (in
the UI and ITB), although it appears the exciting stories in the field of business. May
need to be propagated stories about the benefits of the Internet for education. The
existence of open Internet resources that had been inaccessible. Access to resources not
being again.
Library is one of expensive resources. (How many libraries in Indonesia, and how
the quality is?.) The Internet allows a person in Indonesia to access the library in the
United States. Mechanisms library access can be done by using a special program
(typically using Z39.50 standard, such WAIS5), telnet application (such as the
application hytelnet6) or via a web browser (Netscape and Internet Explorer). There have
been many stories about the help the Internet in research, thesis. Exchange of
information or the frequently asked questions by experts can be done via the Internet.
 Without the Internet many final project and thesis which may require more time to be
resolved. Cooperation between experts and also with students who are physically far
apart can be done more easily. Previously, a person had to wander or run away to see a
specialist to discuss a problem. Currently this can be done from home by sending an
email.
Papers and research can be done with the exchange of data over the Internet, via
email, or by using a mechanism Sharring file. Imagine if a student in Irian can discuss
medical issues with a experts at leading universities in Java. students anywhere in
Indonesia or lecturer can access the best experts in Indonesia and even in the world.
Geographic boundaries is not an issue anymore. Sharring information is also needed in
the field of research that studies are not repeated (reinvent the wheel). The results of
research in universities and research institutes can be used together to speed up the
process of development of science and technology.
Distance learning and the virtual university is a new application for the Internet. In
fact no less than economists Peter Drucker said that "Triggered by the internet,
continuing adult education may wll Become our greatest growth industry". (See Forbes
magazine article May 15, 2000.) Virtual university scalable characteristics, which can
provide education accessible to many people. If education is only done in a regular
classroom, how many people can participate in a class? The number of participants may
only be charged 50 people. Virtual university can be accessed by anyone, from
anywhere. For Indonesia, the benefits already mentioned above can be a good reason to
make the Internet as an educational infrastructure. To summarize the benefits of the
Internet for education in Indonesia.

2.4 Communication Technology in Education

Of the many new discoveries that turned out very broad impact for a human
civilization in the various areas of life, one of which is education. Development of
technology and communication in the fields of education, development of technology
and communication in education, According to Rosenberg (2001), with this development
there are five shiſts in the learning process, namely: (1)from training to performance, (2)
from the classroom to the place where and at any time, (3) of the paper to "on line" or
channel, (4) physical facilities to network facilities, (5) from time to time cycle shi ſts the
learning process changes from paper to "On -Line "to date has been its presence can be
felt or seen as an educational institution to implement a computerized system.Many
things as well as the benefits of its existence.
Such as education all activities are easily accessible via a computer network or the
internet that is certainly the case thanks to the satellite which is operated, the student,
student, teacher, lecturer or all citizens in the sphere of education are able to obtain all
the information to be obtained.Most recent example is the development of "Cyber
Teaching" or virtual teaching, the teaching process is carried out by using the internet.
Another term poluper today is e-learning is a model of learning by using media
communication technology (internet). According to Rosenberg (2001: 28), e-learning is
the use of Internet technology in the delivery of learning in a wide range with a
foundation based on three criteria such as:
1. E-learning is networked with the ability to update, store, distribute, and share
materials or information,
2. Delivery up to the end users through a computer using standard Internet
technology.
Another term that is more popular than the development of communication
technology is the virtual system. In this case, the activity involving virtual community
can be a thing that is more widely used in academic environments. It certainly can
facilitate the effectiveness of a learning system, where the student or students can access
educational materials in more detail rather than through direct interaction (face to face)
with a teacher, tutor or lecturer concerned. For now, many other examples as above but
beyond the scope of the school or college, for example, there is a kind of educational
institution or course guidance tutoring using computer media (internet) to access the
materials and exams as well as the test via the Internet. Surely this is a step forward in
the context of education. In addition to the development of communication technology in
education has touched the scope of learning systems in the academic field, actually have
been encroaching on other aspects (although still within the scope of education). For
example, with a computer, telephone, internet, photocopiers and all the devices of a
communication technology itself can help work the administration or other parts. With a
library of digital libraries in educational institutions, people can access books or
literature quickly.
2.5 The impact on education
a) Positive Impact
1. Changing role of the teacher or lecturer (teacher) and the student or students
(learners) in learning. Changes in the role include:
 A position that was once as a transmitier of knowledge, the main source of
information, expert material, and the source of all answers, and then only
as a learning facilitator, coach, collaborator, knowledge navigator, and
learning partners.
 Of controlling and directing all aspects of learning, be providing more
alternatives and responsibility to each student in the learning process.
2. While the role of the student in learning has changed as follows:
 From passive recipients of information to active participants in the
learning process
 Of revealed knowledge back to produce a variety of knowledge
 Of learning as a learning individual with other students.
3. Accelerate a job
4. Students are able to access information, anywhere, anytime, and to anyone or
b) Negative Impact
1. Students become addicted to the virtual world of the existence of the excess.
This can happen when the students do not have skepticism and critical of
something new. Especially in the context of the virtual world (internet). When
they are struggling with internet aksik, actually indirectly they have entered in the
free world over. Thus it is important to have both a vital atitude as a fortress and
filter of all the available resources. Moreover, the atitude of attention from parents
also play an important role in instilling values and norms of a religion as a
foundation.
2. Criminal acts (Cyber Crime)
In the world of education, this can happen for example the ſt of important
documents or assets of an undisclosed real educational settings (documents about
the final exam or state) by using the internet. term, there is a person who breaks it.
Technology can cause human power has no role in either the development of
communication technology is increasingly rampant till this moment, a little more
will ultimately impact on the reduction of human labor. This happens because
 human labor is no longer tremendously effective and efficient in producing
something in a lot of capacity. When human labor is no longer used, it will
automatically lead to many levels of unemployment. A ſter that of course will
increase the level of poverty. Of the poverty problem will then appear again
unfavorable stability, because a lot of crime going on. It can be concluded that,
the one thing thatappears in one area will have an impact also on other areas.
Interconnections between each other. Similarly, in the field of education.
3. Lead to apathy on each individual, both for students and teachers. This can be
seen for example in the learning system and the virtual nature of e-learning.
Where learning system that does not meet with the student teacher. Students who
are less active in the learning system will be indifferent to the task or the material,
because they are not being watched by people (teachers) but they are only dealing
with a computer.
 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
Technology is now increasingly experiencing rapid growth in all aspects of human
life. Communication technologies in education itself is now also experiencing
extraordinary change where the presence of sophisticated communication technology has
brought a lot of significant impact for the development of education itself. Can be seen in
the development of such a nature that the learning system of e-learning, as well as other
matters of a technical nature ie with the computer, then the education o ffices provide
convenience in data collection and so forth.
Over it all, the development of communication technology itself remains
essentially carry a very wide range of effects, both positive and negative impacts. When
the positive impact a bigger role, it will be very beneficial in life. Makes them a very
easy job. Conversely, when the development of the communication technology more
display negative impact, it will appear new problems such as cyber crime and so forth.
For every user that has the technology to be critical and skeptical attitude toward
communication technologies.

3.2 Suggestion
Information technology is a technology that is very easy for us in terms i including
in education. The more the technology is getting more and moret so our work becomes
easier to do. positive side, technology has a negative side as well. Once we know the
impact caused by the development of information and communication technology in we
should take advantage of every available technology is good technology a maximum and
can also avoid the negative effects that can harm us.
QUESTION :
1. Briefly explain the meaning of information technology according to
the paper?
2. how does information technology play a role in education?
3. what are the impacts of using information and communication
technology on student motivation and engagement in the learning
process?