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2ND MATE ORAL QUESTIONS FUNCTION ONE Most Asked Questions
2ND MATE ORAL QUESTIONS FUNCTION ONE Most Asked Questions
Q. 2) sextant
A sextant is an instrument used to measure the angle between any two visible
objects. Its primary use is to determine the angle between a celestial object and
the horizon which is known as the object's altitude. Making this measurement is
known as sighting the object, shooting the object, or taking a sight and it is an
essential part of celestial navigation. The angle, and the time when it was
measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical or aeronautical
chart.
Q. 3) cardinal marks
North- continuous flashing, south- 6 flashing, east- 3 flashings and west- 9 flashings
Q. 4) What are the day, night & fog signals for a vessel aground
Day signal - Three Balls in a vertical line. Night Signal - in addition to the anchor
lights, 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line Fog Signal at intervals of not more
than 1-minute ring the bell rapidly for
five seconds. In a vessel 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in
the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall
be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. in addition,
give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the
rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate
whistle signal three balls in vertical line. two all-round red lights in vertical line and
anchor light/s. 3 distinct strokes rapid ringing of bell 5 secs 3 distinct strokes if 100m
or more gong shall b sounded 5sec
additionally. - 'U' you r running into danger.
Day signal - Three Balls in a vertical line... Night Signal - in addition to the anchor
lights, 2 all-round red lights in a vertical line Fog Signal at intervals of not more
than 1- minute ring the bell rapidly for
five seconds. In a vessel 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in
the forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall
be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. in addition,
give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the
rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate
whistle signal.
Q. 7) buoyage system in Japan, uses of special marks, safe water marks etc.?
system b, special marks -odas, tss where use of conventional channel marking may
cause confusion, spoil ground, military exercise zone, cable or pipeline mark,
recreation zone. safe water mark- center line marks and mid channel marks.an
alternative to cardinal or a lateral mark to indicate a land fall.
Q. 8) IAMSAR
international aeronautical and maritime search and rescue assist the master of search
and rescue operation
SOLAS chapter V Safety of Navigation requires ships to carry an up-to-date copy of
Volume III of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue
(IAMSAR) Manual.
Q. 10) SITUATION - restricted visibility, vessel on your port bow is crossing actions
& precautions? reduce speed or take all way off. Change your sound signal...wait for
vessel to cross you
check your starboard side take wide alt to starboard. As per rule no 19 d 1 1short
blast altr course to starboard. Reduce your speed to determine at which she can be
kept on her course and if necessary, take all her way off.
Q. 11) Aneroid barometer and avoiding action in TRS
a great circle track is the shortest distance, measured along the earth's surface,
between 2 poles. a great circle track cuts successive meridians at different angles
because meridians are not parallel to each other. the course, therefore, should
change slightly whilst crossing each meridian. practically at sea, the departure and
arrival positions are plotted on a gnomonic chart and joined by a straight line. the
vertex and suitable points are read off the chart and the navigator does Mercator
sailing from point to point thereby following the great circle track effectively ...!!
Q. 18) Courses checked and compasses compared. What do you do in this regard
and if they do not totally know what action are you expecting?
means course to steer on chart is the same as course being made good. compasses
compared means gyro raptors compared with master gyro and with magnetic
compass.
Q. 19) How would you determine if your ship is dragging anchor or not? What
action would you take as OOW?
For the detection of dragging of anchor is reliably obtained by GPS. The shift of
ships position beyond limits set in by OOW would be detected and indicated by
audible and visual alarm. The GPS position of the anchor and a radius of tolerance
(length of cable paid out + the distance of the bow from bridge + a reasonable
margin) can be fed in. if the ship's position ever falls outside the circle of tolerance
an alarm would be activated, the dragging of anchor by a ship is not always
detectable by observation of visual bearings alone. Compass bearing of close by
objects may change considerably, due to yaw, without any appreciable change of
position of the ship. it is easily possible to detect the dragging of anchor by the ship,
bearing in mind that: 1) strong tides tends to drag the ship in a direction away from
anchor, i.e., in the direction opposite to the to the ship's head last marked by the
arrow on the chart... 2) the position obtained on the chart should lie within a circle
whose center is the anchor and whose radius is the sum of length of the cable paid
out and distance from bow to the bridge... actions on dragging anchor.
1)inform master.
2)inform engine room, this is an emergency, get engines ready
as soon as possible. Switch on power to windlass
3)call anchor stations
4) call for a messenger on bridge because the A.B. will be manning the wheel.
5)Switch on the Steering motors.
6)Switch on radar /ARPA
7) try the pneumatic whistle and electric Klaxon,
8)the VHF would already be on channel
16.
9) keep a record of all the happenings and their timings in bridge notebook,
10) carry out master's orders.
11) if the master is ashore, the chief officer would automatically take charge of the
situation,
12) in rare case of both Master and C/O ashore, the second officer would have to
manage, KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN MIND
13) the length of the cable paid out (usually 6 times the depth of water) is only to
ensure that the pull on the anchor shank, while it in on seabed, is horizontal. once
that is assured paying out more cable would not help!!
14) heaving up anchor, maneuvering the ship and re-anchoring should only be the
last resort by the second officer. Having insufficient experience and being without
proper support on the bridge this is too risky,
15) inform the harbor control by VHF."My ship is dragging anchor. Require a Pilot
immediately."
16) call up agents on telephone and inform them" Ship is dragging anchor, the
Master and Chief officer are ashore please contact them and send them onboard as
soon as possible.
17) Pull the wheel hard over away from the first anchor and hold it there.
18) prepare the second anchor to let go,
19) when the ship has steered away from the 1st anchor, drop the other anchor on
the bottom and stop the run of the cable,
20) put both cables in gear and walk back equal equally on both, ensuring that the
first anchor has at least half a shackle left in chain locker,
21) put both the brakes on, take the gears out and hold on,
22) keep anchor watch to ensure that the anchors are holding,
23) keep engines on stop at short notice.
A dangerous situation that demands prompt action It happens to every boater
sooner or later. The wind in your anchorage rises, the motion of the boat increases,
and your anchor starts to drag. Sometimes the rumbling of an all- chain rode warns
you. At other times, your first indication may be when other boats firmly anchored
to leeward appear to be moving slowly upwind toward your stern. That’s an
astonishing sight the first time you experience it. The first sign of dragging in a
crowded anchorage calls for immediate action. If you have just lowered the anchor,
pull it up and try again, perhaps in a different spot.
If you’ve been swinging comfortably on the “hook” for a while, however, a solution
other than weighing anchor and re-anchoring may be in order. First, let out more
anchor line, as much as you can without fouling another boat. That will give your
rode a more efficient angle of pull so that the anchor should dig into the ground
instead of being pulled upward out of it. If that doesn’t solve the problem, you can
start the engine and run it ahead slow to take some strain off the anchor while you
think things through or wait for the squall to blow over. But what if your engine
won’t run because, in all the excitement, your dinghy painter has fouled the prop?
Or what if the storm is settling in for a while and you need a longer-term solution?
Next, load the kedge, or secondary, anchor into the dinghy and flake its line down
on top of it. Make the bitter end fast to the boat and take the dinghy to windward,
paying out the anchor line as you go. When you reach the end of the line, drop the
anchor a couple of boat lengths to one side of the anchor already down there so
that the two lines together form a shallow V from the bow of the boat. Back on the
boat, haul away on the new anchor line until you feel it dig in, and make it fast at
the bow. Adjust the lines so that both anchors are now taking the strain fairly. If
your primary anchor has still not reset itself or if it was fouled in the first place,
allow the newly set kedge to take all the strain while you weigh the first anchor and
reset it from the dinghy, just as you did with the kedge. If necessary—if you have a
reef close astern, or the engine isn’t working, or other boats are too near for
comfort—you can set and weigh anchors alternately to gain ground to windward,
but it’s a lot of work and may be dangerous in a rising wind at night. So, having
recovered your main anchor, you might want to consider making a buoy or fender
fast to the kedge line, casting off, and finding a safer spot in which to anchor from
scratch. You can recover the kedge when conditions improve. If the wind is onshore
and the holding quality of the anchorage is uncertain, prudent seamanship might
even dictate your putting to sea. That’s something you should consider every time
you arrive in a new anchorage. Cautious sailors will tuck a reef or two into the
mainsail before stowing it on the boom for the night because they know that if the
anchor drags, it’s likely to be blowing a gale. And they will make a note of a bearing
that will take them safely out of the anchorage in the pitch dark. You will probably
find that if you go to this much trouble, your anchor will never drag. But do it
anyway; it’s cheap insurance. When anchor cable goes from short stay to long stay
and vice versa or it goes out of turning circle, brg and dist. changes from fixed
object, when SOG is not equal to zero. If we put an anchor from short stay to long
stay at that time, we know that anchor was plugged but we are not sure of that we
have to check the bearing of any object which is not changing or azimuth if the
anchor is dragging then it won’t change if it plugged then the bearing change so we
can be easy identified or from short stay the tension in anchor cable is increased.
Q. 20) Azimuth and Amplitude
Amplitude is d arc of rational horizon or d angle at the center of the earth between
the prime vertical n d meridian passing thru d body wen on d horizon (rising or
setting).
Azimuth is angle at d earth center contained between true north n d meridian passing
though that body.
Amplitude is the arc of the rational horizon or the angle at the observer zenith
contained between the observer prime vertical and the vertical circle passing
through the body. Azimuth is the arc on the rational horizon or the angle the
observer zenith contained between the observer celestial meridian and the vertical
circle passing through the body.
expressed in quadrantal form...e.g., E40N...
Q. 23) What is chart datum. Why do u see in chart it is mentioned that shift satellite
derived positions by certain latitude and longitude GPS positioning datum is wgs84
which considers d earth as a sphere and based on mean sea level. but local surveys
are based on some local reference datum which are different from wgs84. that shift
can be calculated and applied approximately... Chart datums are lowest astronomical
tide and mean lower low water.
Pillar or spar shape Top mark- upright X (+) Color-Alternate stripes of blue and
yellow color, minimum 4 and maximum 8. Light-Alternate flashing yellow and blue.
1s(blue)-0.5s(dark)-1s(yellow)
Q. 27) ROR cards of fishing, aground, towing, overtaking vl, trawling, ram...
Q. 31) what is the safe speed you consider at sea, T.S.S, shallow
waters? Any speed at which we can safely navigate in that area
any speed at which we can safely navigate in that particular area. It is a speed at
which one can take proper and immediate action to avoid collision n b stopped at
a distance appropriate in prevailing circumstances and condition
He did not ask any ROR cards. He's more about rules which applies on these
situations and parts and their meanings low and high.
Q. 38) what is the carriage requirements for a GPS receiver
SOLAS CH 5 reg 19.2.1.6 all vessels irrespective of size.
Q. 39) Gyro errors
tilt n drift
speed error, latitude error
Differential GPS it is fixed station whose position is known it receives its position from
the satellite and calculates the error between two positions and then it transmits the
error for that satellite Brendon and it has a fix position and it compared with 3
satellite position and compare with own position and difference will be find out, and
transmits the difference in all vessels are uhf range
Q. 49) Chart symbols for tidal rips, wreck and drying heights?
Q. 52) what extra precautions to be taken when at anchor watch in a flying moor?
Maintain a constant watch to prevent foul hawse. Determine foul arc and clear arc.
Vessel should always swing to clear arc on each tidal change. Use engine to give
vessel correct sheer. Keep eye on the weather. Know the times of tide change.
Q. 56) what factors u take into account when planning a passage from Japan to west
coast US?
check for the availability of all the charts required. we need to cross the IDL (inter.
date line). eta to be effectively calculated.
Refer to ocean passages of the world for recommended route, check wx wrong, etc...
Q. 58) what will b your action in restricted visibility informs master n engine room
post look outs switch on n operate radar switch on nav lights activate sound signals
proceed at safe speed follow ROR. Also, engines ready for immediate maneuvering
1) Inform Master.
2) Inform E/R. Get engines ready for maneuvering.
3) Observe visually and make a note of all the traffic in sight,
4) switch on ARPA and commence plotting.
5)Switch on navigational lights.
6) change over to hand steering.
7) switch on the other steering motor.
8) post double lookouts, one on the bridge wing, other on forecastle.
9)try out pneumatic whistle and electric klaxon and the manual foghorn, by giving a
very short blast on each, try out automatic fog signal unit.
10) stop all noises on decks so that the fog signals of other vessels would not get
drowned in the noise.
11) keep open the outer doors of the wheel house so that the fog signals of other
ships may be heard, even if they are very faint.
12) commence sounding fog signal before entering into the fog.
13) reduce to safe speed before entering fog.
14)restrict hold ventilation.
15) record all the happenings in bridge record book.
Inform to master, stop all noisy work, switch on the navigational lights, one pro
longed blast in interval not more than 2 minutes.
Inform to master inform to engine room keep the engine ready to maneuver and in
safe speed start sounding the signal as per ROR stop all noisy work like chipping
switch on all navigation lights keep the bridge wing door open continues observation
of radar and ARPA must keep plotting the position by all available means if it
indicates the presence of any other vessel, access the situation and take the action
immediately in ample time.
Q. 59) What are the various navigational hazards u expect during a navigational
watch?
1)The state of visibility.
2)the traffic density.
3)n night the presence of background lights.
4)the state of wind, sea, and current.
5)the draft and available depth.
Q. 60) definition of SOLAS
SOLAS is and international maritime safety treaty. SOLAS convention in its
successive form is generally regarded as the most important of all international
treaties concerning the safety of merchant ship.
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an
international maritime safety treaty. The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms
is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning
the safety of merchant ships.
Q. 64) why in the RULE 23 HIGH intensity is referred for WIG craft and where as an
intensity for Air cushion vessel? why?
WIG craft move at high speed. to distinguish from distance n Air cushioned vessel r
susceptible to wind effect its more than 22.5 degree abaft.
Q. 68) Situations regarding fire on board during watch and onboard emergencies
Q. 71) COMPASS ERROR AND HOW WILL U CHECK ERROR IF GYRO REPEATERS FAIL?
Q. 72) user clock error and how will you accompany for it?
Q. 76) How to calculate depth when you got zero-line adjustment error in echo
sounder?
Q. 78) vessel 4 points on your port bow not in sight and detected only by radar.
action?
Q. 87) You are heading North and you see an East Cardinal mark right
ahead. Action? one short blast and broad alteration to stbd...
Q. 91) what the procedure for correcting a chart that has not been corrected for three
years?
Take the latest correction, from there go back and find each one before it and start
correcting. Consult annual summary of admiralty notices to mariners with the help of
cumulative and annual notices of current year.
Q. 92) What is the meaning of "all available means" in rule 5 meant to you?
A functional radar, VHF, Echo sounder, AIS, Logs, GPS,
ECDIS etc. Also include Binocular
Q. 100) How many teams are there for any emergency on board?
4 Teams. 1. command team 2. emergency squad 3. secondary emergency squad
4. reserve or backup.
Q. 109) What is power failure. You are on watch for 1st time as 3rd off what all
actions will you take?
Q. 114) How will you eliminate the various errors of bridge equipment in detail
Q. 116) Situations: When you are entering TSS and found a vessel crossing from you
are port bow action?
If the CPA matters, and collision can’t be avoided by the give way vessel alone then i
will alter otherwise, maintain co and speed. Take the series of brg if risk of collision
does not exist the maintain co and speed if roc exist the i will give five sort and rapid
blast, check nav lights, inform master, inform engine room, put helms men and still
she is not taking an action then one short blast/co to stbd if depth available or reduce
speed
Q. 120) Vertical and horizontal separation of CBD RAM for lengths <20 and >20mts in
length
Q. 122) NAVTEX?
Q. 123) Var 2E C Error 10W Cal deviation? Deviation and its need?
Q. 129) oil discharge criteria in oil tanker both from cargo and machinery area
Q.133) You are exactly 22.5 degrees abaft of another vessel. Action?
When you are overtaking a vessel, take actions according to rule 13. Rule 13 says,
when coming up more than 22.5 deg abaft beam…
Q. 135) Night signal card of aground vessel more than 50m in length
Q. 143) horizontal sector of light. How far they extend in forward and abaft beam
direction?
Q. 147) what is AUSREP? From which place you send this report?
Ausrep stands for Australian ship reporting system. The system requires the master
to send a sailing plan (SP) to the Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) on leaving an
Australian port or entering the AUSREP zone and to nominate a time at which a
position will be transmitted each day during the voyage. Any significant departure
from the sailing plan must be advised.
Q. 153) Fog signal for vessel aground, if more than 100 mts in length
Three separate and distinct strokes ring the bell rapidly for about 5seconds in fore
part of the vessel and three separate and distinct strokes and gong shall be sounded
rapidly for about 5second in the after part of the vessel and three separate and
distinct strokes.
Q. 155) situation- RV two vessels observing on radar alone, one finds other on the
port quarter. take action on both the vessels!
Q. 156) A crew on board gets heart attack (action as medical officer on board)
If conscious, then give Saline to reduce BP as first aid and then commence wed
emergency evacuation. If not possible, then take RADIO medical advance and do
accordingly. If unconscious, then check ABC and give CPS as soon as possible. Also,
prepare to evacuate him necessarily. Also, keep Taking RADIO medical advice in
tandem.
Q. 158) How will you correct nautical almanac and 5011 chart abbreviation and
symbols?
Q. 165) What are the differences between Raster and Vector charts?
Raster chart is the photo copy of the paper chart, vector chart is electronic form of
chart
Q. 172) He has cards for signal flags and he asks them always and also day signal
cards
Q. 176) Are the tide curve graph for all port same or different.? which volume
has different? volume 1 graph is different for each port.
Q. 188) how to calculate tides of primary and secondary port, write the procedure?
Q. 200) how many volumes of tide tables are there? name all?
Q. 202) how will you measure viability at night without radar or any other source
nearby?
Q. 203) In narrow channel why will you sound 1 prolonged blast if intervening
obstruction exists? to indicate d presence of your vessel to other vessel which is
not visible because of obstruction or bend of channel.
Q. 206) You are NUC vessel, RAM vessel approaching and risk of collision exit, your
action?
As NUC and RAM are considered hampered vessel, since both are at risk of collision,
both vessels should reduce their speed, stop and reverse its propulsion, but it may be
relaxed to RAM due to their displacement.
Q. 207) compasses compared and courses checked, error verified. How do you verify
compass error?
When you compare the compasses, you read the magnetic compass heading so you
check in deviation card what is the deviation for that heading and the variation to be
taken from chart so this is what is meant by "error verified."
Q. 208) Principle of Sextant, Echo sounder, Doppler log, G.P.S?
Q. 210) what do you understand by GHA, SHA and first point of arise.
GHA-it is angle at celestial pole continued between celestial meridian passing through
Greenwich and observer measured westerly. SHA-it is westerly angle at celestial pole
measured between first point of arias and observer. first point of arise-when ecliptic
cross equinoctial from south to north it intersects equinoctial call first point of arise.
Q. 211) Responsibility between fishing vessel, sailing vessel, P.D vessel, RAM, NUC
and CBD
Q. 213) Own Power-Driven V/L. You see RAM Dredger 5nm ahead state your actions?
Q. 217) RV vessel at stbd quarter ROC exist action? He placed another vessel to port
action?
Q. 218) You hear aground vessel fog signal forward of your beam in Restricted
Visibility, you are heading towards it what will be your imm.
1- Follow your reciprocal course.
2- Check your charts and inform Master switch on echosounder, see draft of a
grounded vessel from AIS
One short blast alert co. To stbd, reverse co. And inform Master since the vessel is
maneuvering in restricted visibility we could take all way off and access the situation,
then take action accordingly. Any avoiding action must be taken in ample time,
maintain your engine at safe speed, in circumstances of case admit as per the head
on situation, give one short blast alter the course to starboard side, that is safe pass
on the port side of other vessel. Inform to Master regarding risk of collision, as rule
no 19 E. says reduce its speed to minimum at which it can be kept on her course or
stop and reverse propulsion because the area, we are entering is 1. shallow water 2.
Putting at us in risk of collision or we may aground.
Q. 222) what are tidal streams and what are ebb and flood tide?
Q. 225) What will happen if bottom plate of a fully filled DB tank is holed?
Q. 227) 5 miles you saw R-W-R it in a vertical line. Identify vessel ROC exist action.
It’s a RAM vessel. Identify weather the ship is at anchor or underway, making way
and then pass at least 2 nm from her, and call Master and inform him...
Q. 228) Magnetic compass correctors, five co efficient of magnetism in detail
No Comment for this MMD / MCA Oral Question 1 Surveyor asked
Q. 229) How will you display 22.2 in flag signaling method? you have only one 2 flags
with substitutes and pendant?
Hoist 2 (numerical) flag then 1st substitute then answering pendent then 2nd
substitute...
Q. 230) A vessel of 100m length, which ran aground in RV, you have 2 go forward
for the ringing of bell, what will you do? how to start?
This will be 3short rings followed by content ringing of the bell for 5 sec and then
again 3 short rings followed by a gong in the aft part of the vessel.
What does that mean? You have to go forward for ringing the bell. A little bit unclear…
please explain...
In this case the bell was supposed to be operated manually by a person, from the
location.
Q. 238) You Power Driven V/L in TSS overtaking another Power Driven V/L shoal
patch what precautions will you take?
Q. 242) own v/l PD target vsl-PD crossing frm port side range-8miles action nd by
whch rule quote
if detected by radar, we will try to hear fog signal of other vessel as the range of fog
signal is 1.5 -2 miles. as per rule 19 d we take avoiding action which consists wide
alteration of course 2 stbd.
rule number 4 is applications ,, which states that all the rules contained in the section
1 of part b of colregs apply to all the vessels in any condition of visiblity,,,,, RULE 4
Application. Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility. Or, to put it
another way, the minute you go out on any water covered by the Regulations, Rules
5-10 apply regardless.
Q. 245) FISHING VESSEL LIGHT?
all round light.upper is red and lower white in vertical line if making way side light
and asern light and out laying extsnding more than 150 m in horizontal direction all
round white light toward the gear
Q. 248) Flags November and Charlie. What they stand for and draw them.