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[Download pdf] Advances In Safety Management And Human Factors Proceedings Of The Ahfe 2019 International Conference On Safety Management And Human Factors July 24 28 2019 Washington D C Usa Pedro M Arezes online ebook all chapter pdf
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Advances in Safety
Management and
Human Factors
Proceedings of the AHFE 2019
International Conference on Safety
Management and Human Factors,
July 24–28, 2019, Washington D.C., USA
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Volume 969
Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland
Advisory Editors
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing,
Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science & Electronic Engineering,
University of Essex, Colchester, UK
László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University,
Gyor, Hungary
Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute
of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Faculty of Computer Science and Management,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications
on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent
Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer
and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment,
healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern
intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft comput-
ing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion
of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuro-
science, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems,
Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and
adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric
computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics
including human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning para-
digms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent
agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust
management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia.
The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are
primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They
cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and
applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short
publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad
dissemination of research results.
Advances in Safety
Management and Human
Factors
Proceedings of the AHFE 2019 International
Conference on Safety Management
and Human Factors, July 24–28, 2019,
Washington D.C., USA
123
Editor
Pedro M. Arezes
DPS, School of Engineering
University of Minho
Guimarães, Portugal
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Advances in Human Factors
and Ergonomics 2019
10th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics and the
Affiliated Conferences
v
vi Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2019
(continued)
Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Software Tareq Ahram
and Systems Engineering
Advances in Human Factors in Architecture, Jerzy Charytonowicz and Christianne
Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure Falcão
Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Human Ravindra S. Goonetilleke and Waldemar
Factors Karwowski
Advances in Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Cliff Sungsoo Shin
Design
Advances in Safety Management and Human Pedro M. Arezes
Factors
Advances in Social and Occupational Ergonomics Richard H. M. Goossens and Atsuo
Murata
Advances in Manufacturing, Production Waldemar Karwowski, Stefan
Management and Process Control Trzcielinski and Beata Mrugalska
Advances in Usability and User Experience Tareq Ahram and Christianne Falcão
Advances in Human Factors in Wearable Tareq Ahram
Technologies and Game Design
Advances in Human Factors in Communication Amic G. Ho
of Design
Advances in Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Massimo Di Nicolantonio, Emilio Rossi
Systems and 3D Prototyping and Thomas Alexander
Preface
vii
viii Preface
ix
x Contents
Safety Culture
Safety Culture as a Team Sport: The Football Metaphor . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Frank W. Guldenmund and Dylan Smibert
Developing a Safety Culture Index for Construction Projects
in Developing Countries: A Proposed Fuzzy Synthetic
Evaluation Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Emmanuel B. Boateng, Manikam Pillay, and Peter Davis
Aggregate-Level Data Characteristics of Safety Climate
with Different Likert-Type Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Siu Shing Man, Jacky Yu Ki Ng, Kar Ying Law, and Alan Hoi Shou Chan
Contents xi
account for the major part of disease causation. Under these circumstances,
variations in susceptibility due to social processes may be of relatively little
importance. With increasing culture contact, populations become increasingly
protected from such disease agents but simultaneously exposed to the social pro-
cesses discussed above. Variations in susceptibility now assume greater importance
in the etiological picture and the concomitant changes in such factors as diet,
physical activity, and cigarette smoking will facilitate the emergence of new
manifestations of such susceptibility.”
Over that same half century, organizational psychologists, human factors engineers,
and accident investigators have been researching events referred to as “organizational
accidents.” Organizational accidents are defined as accidents that “have multiple causes
involving many people operating at different levels of their respective companies” [4].
These accidents have their roots in the complex interaction of humans, intra-
organizational relationships, and operational factors, rather than solely the actions of an
individual or the failure of a component. Given this complexity, the progression1 of any
organizational accident cannot be predicted in advance. Investigations after these
accidents reveal latent conditions associated with the cultures of the involved organi-
zations. However, given the frequency with which similar accidents recur, the cor-
rection of these conditions to avoid future accidents appears to be problematic.
Culture is the sum of the shared attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes
one group of people from another. An organization’s culture is the running summation
of the values embedded by the organization’s founders and original members into the
organization’s practices, lore, and codes of conduct, along with the influences of
succeeding leaders and members. Culture is “how we do business.” The organization’s
leaders are the managers of the culture, and it is their responsibility to change the
culture when change is perceived to be necessary.
However, an organization’s culture is also an artifact of the social environment
within which it was created. Societal need inspires the organizations’ creation, purpose
and priorities; social values, practices, and lore shape members’ behaviors; and social
opinion determines the value of the organization’s services. Hence, society decides if
the organization will survive and thrive. As society changes, the organization must
change or become irrelevant [5].
The idea that organizations are influenced by the society within which they exist,
and that there is a relationship between that influence and the occurrence of accidents,
is by no means new to this paper. Jens Rasmussen noted that:
However, it should not be forgotten that commercial success in a competitive environment
implies exploitation of the benefit from operating at the fringes of the usual, accepted practice.
Closing in on and exploring the boundaries of the normal and functionally acceptable
boundaries of established practice during critical situations necessarily implies the risk of
crossing the limits of safe practices. Correspondingly, court reports from several accidents
such as Bhopal, Flixborough, Zeebrugge, and Chernobyl demonstrate that they have not been
caused by a coincidence of independent failures and human errors, but by a systematic
1
We refer to the sequence of events between the initial exposure to a triggering event and the ultimate
consequence as the progression of the accident.
16 D. Minnema and M. Helfrich
migration of organisational behaviour toward accident under the influence of pressure toward
cost-effectiveness in an aggressive, competitive environment [6].
2 Discussion
Cassel’s approach to describing the four principles was to demonstrate each principle
using experimental observations. Cassel begins with a discussion of over-crowding in
animal populations, noting that the singular act of increasing the number of animals
housed together creates a significant environmental stress. As a result, the animal
population displays increased rates of a range of health effects. The increased rates are
not due to increased exposure to disease agents, but rather to changes in homeostatic
mechanisms that alter the animals’ response to stimuli that are already present within
the population.
The impact of stress and its related comorbid diseases on humans is now believed to
be “responsible for a large proportion of disability worldwide” [8]. As Kalia notes [8]
Although the term “stress” is used in a wide variety of contexts, it has consistently been
demonstrated that individuals with stress and related disorders experience impaired physical and
mental functioning, more work days lost, increased impairment at work, and a high use of health
care services. The disability caused by stress is just as great as the disability caused by workplace
accidents or other common medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis.
In daily life humans are exposed to stress from sources ranging from their local
environment to large-scale disasters and wars. Also, the organizations within which
humans work are significant sources of stress. Organizational stressors may be due to
the environment within which the organization operates, the daily interactions of the
members with each other and outsiders, or the importance of the organization’s purpose
[8]. Johnson [9] showed that an organization’s structure and size alone are sources of
stress on its members. Nyberg [10] found significant differences in the health of
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á los cuales la virtud les dió el
nombre de dorados, porque se
admitía en ellos cualquiera
trabajo, recibiendo las
intenciones, y perdonando á los
talentos, como dones que Dios
reparte á su voluntad? De
manera, señora mia, que yo como
persona tan necessitada dellos, y
en este siglo, buscando amparo,
me subí en el teatro deste mundo,
y queriéndome arrojar en él, me
determiné entregarme en unas
manos que me defendiessen de
las injurias del tiempo. Y assi
volviendo los ojos por una y otra
parte, por ver á quien me
encomendaría para que me
librasse de las lenguas
murmuradoras de los mal
intencionados espíritus, y no
viendo alma ni cuerpo más propio
que el de V. E. para este efecto,
siendo persona que á todo el
mundo enamora, con justa y
debida razón se le debe la más
enamorada Diana encomendar,
echándome en el abrigo dessas
tan ilustríssimas partes, con la
confianza de que recibirá la
voluntad de la mano del curioso
que ha tomado el trabajo de
tornarme á poner á luz, por
mandamiento de personas que
hallaron la traza y el estilo muy
curioso, y que se iba á escurecer
del todo, por no se hallar ya este
tratado en el mundo. Ea, señora
mía, abra esos brazos, y
enciérreme en esse pecho, como
tan insigne y inexpugnable
fortaleza, en la qual vivirá mi alma
de todos los ya dichos espíritus
malinos descuidada y defendida
con solo el saber que V. E. es su
protectora; y con tal confianza
vivirá rogando á Dios por la
conservación de la persona
Ilustrissima de V. E. que viva un
millón de años, amparando á las
que se le encomiendan, y
particularmente á los del sexo que
tiene aún su particular
consideración.
La muy humilde servidora de V. E.
que le besa los pies,
Diana Enamorada.
Soneto.
Lector. Diana.
Buen libro, Diana. En todo
extremo es bueno.
¿Qué sientes dél? Placer de
andar penada.
¿Y qué es la pena? Amar
cosa olvidada.
¿Y el gozo? Ver por cuya
industria peno.
¿Es Jorge ó Perez? No, que
es muy terreno
amarme á mí. ¿Qué cosa
hay más alzada?
Hacerme Gaspar Gil
enamorada,
que lo estoy ya más dél que
de Syreno.
¿En qué tuvo primor? En
verso y prosa.
¿Quién juzga eso? Ingenios
delicados.
¿Tanta luz da? Alumbra
todo el suelo.
¿Cuál quedará su patria? Muy
dichosa.
¿Y los poetas todos?
Afrentados.
¿Y él cómo se dirá? Polo
del cielo.
SONETO DE HIERONYMO
SAMPER
De fieras armas la inmortal
historia
cessa por celebrar simples
pastores;
canta Gaspar Gil Polo sus
amores,
y en ello no consigue menos
gloria.
A Marte da querellas la
victoria,
por ver que calla Polo sus
loores,
fama y honor á Palas dan
clamores,
viendo que da á Diana tal
memoria.
Dejad, númenes sacros, tal
querella;
que Apolo ha prometido á
su Diana
poeta el más famoso é
importante:
Y dióle al gran Gil Polo, que
por ella
con grave estilo y gracia
soberana
dulce canción en las
veredas cante.
HERNANDO BONAVIDA,
CIUDADANO
VALENCIANO
Al lector.
Ovidio á su Corynna celebraba
con los sabrosos versos que
escribía,
dos mil hermosos cantos
componía
Propercio que á su Cynthia
sublimaba.
Con las dulces canciones que
cantaba,
á su Laura Petrarca
engrandescía,
y destos cada cual con lo
que hacía
al famoso laurel al fin
llegaba.
A lauro el Lusitano ha ya
llegado
á Diana pintando muy
ufana,
mas Polo de otra suerte os
la ha pintado:
Aquí veréis una obra
sobrehumana,
y cuán bien el laurel Polo
ha ganado,
pues Proserpina es la otra,
ésta Diana.
LIBRO PRIMERO
DE DIANA ENAMORADA
Mi sufrimiento cansado
del mal importuno y fiero,
á tal extremo ha llegado,
que publicar mi cuidado
me es el remedio postrero.
Siéntase el bravo dolor,
y trabajosa agonía
de la que muere de amor,
y olvidada de un pastor
que de olvidado moría.
Y cuando de mi crüeza
se acuerda mi corazón,
le causa mayor tristeza
el pesar de mi tibieza,
que el dolor de mi passión.
Porque si mi desamor
no tuviera culpa alguna
en el presente dolor,
diera quejas del Amor
é inculpara la Fortuna.
Soneto.
Que el poderoso Amor sin
vista acierte
del corazón la más interna
parte;
que siendo niño venza al
fiero Marte,
haciendo que enredado se
despierte.
Que sus llamas me hielen de
tal suerte,
que un vil temor del alma no
se aparte,
que vuele hasta la aérea y
summa parte,
y por la tierra y mar se
muestre fuerte.
Que esté el que el bravo Amor
hiere ó captiva
vivo en el mal, y en la
prisión contento,
proezas son que causan
grande espanto.
Y el alma, que en mayores
penas viva,
si piensa estas hazañas,
entretanto
no sentirá el rigor de su
tormento.
Soneto.
No es ciego Amor, mas yo lo
soy, que guío
mi voluntad camino del
tormento;
no es niño Amor, mas yo
que en un momento
espero y tengo miedo, lloro
y río.
Nombrar llamas de Amor es
desvarío,
su fuego es el ardiente y
vivo intento,
sus alas son mi altivo
pensamiento
y la esperanza vana en que
me fío.
No tiene Amor cadenas, ni
saëtas,
para prender y herir libres y
sanos,
que en él no hay más poder
del que le damos.
Porque es Amor mentira de
poetas,
sueño de locos, ídolo de
vanos:
mirad qué negro Dios el que
adoramos.