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Praise for the Eighth Edition

“This thoughtfully designed text provides an update on a classic tool


for understanding evaluation.”

—Brian Boggs, University of Michigan and Michigan State University

“The eighth edition continues to offer broad instruction in program


evaluation concepts, methods, and practice, from planning to
communicating results. The addition of critical thinking and discussion
questions provides the opportunity for classroom discussion as well as
application of concepts. I recommend this text for use with master’s
and doctoral level students.”

—Nancy Bridier, Grand Canyon University

“The eighth edition is a wonderful resource for professional degree


students, and can also provide a practical component for students
taking a practicum class.”

—Raven Brown, Baruch College, CUNY

“An excellent and concise book defining the systematic approach to


program evaluation: the best resource for both students and
researchers.”

—Anil Kumar Chaudhary, Pennsylvania State University

“The long-awaited eighth edition includes materials and chapters that


reflect current developments in the field of evaluation research. The
new edition, with substantive revisions, provides foundational
knowledge and perspectives on evaluation without losing the legacy
and wisdom of Dr. Rossi.”
—Young Ik Cho, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

“The eighth edition is a massive improvement on an already stellar


text. The breadth and depth of coverage, while still keeping a practical
focus, make this the go-to book for program evaluation classes and
practitioners alike.”

—B. Andrew Chupp, Indiana University

“As a professor and a program evaluator, I find that this book presents
a realistic, pragmatic view of program evaluation. Clearly presented,
the authors use the same language I use with clients, which helps to
ease students’ transition to the workplace.”

—Leslie Eaton, SUNY Cortland

“This book truly represents the gold standard on everything one would
want or need to know about program evaluation, including checklists
and diagrams. The Planning an Evaluation chapter basically provides a
step-by-step guide to performing a program evaluation with as much
rigor as possible. The entire text is rich with examples of actual
program assessments.”

—Kristin Grosskopf, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

“An earlier version of this text was useful to me as an evaluation


student. This revised version will ensure that today’s students have an
invaluable resource that clearly communicates what is unique about
our field, while also introducing the range of approaches and methods
that evaluators may use.”

—Melissa Haynes, University of Minnesota


“The material in the eighth edition is effectively sequenced, and the
technical orientation of the chapters makes the book an indispensable
partner even for seasoned scholars and practitioners in the art of
program evaluation.”

—Kalu Kalu, Auburn University at Montgomery

“This book offers a comprehensive view of evaluation and serves as a


valuable guide in developing an evaluation plan.”

—Sarmithsa Majumdar, Texas Southern University

“The authors do a phenomenal job of unpacking complex terms and


ideas making this reading accessible to learners.”

—Jessica Wendorf Muhamad, Florida State University

“This is another exceptional work by the authors. This book not only
helps novice evaluators, it also provides tools for expert evaluators.
This new edition brings new cases and exhibits that connect the theory
to practice and contextualizes the content for students.”

—Osman Özturgut, California State University Channel Islands

“The eighth edition covers the essentials of evaluation extremely well,


serves as a guide for development of specific approaches of evaluation,
and enhances the critical thinking of students.”

—David Pugh, Edinboro University

“I have used previous editions of this text either as a student or


professor for 20 years. This new edition is a great update of a reliable
textbook on evaluation, including updated terminology and
methodology.”
—Kimberley Shoaf, University of Utah
Evaluation
A Systematic Approach

Eighth Edition

Peter H. Rossi
Mark W. Lipsey
Vanderbilt University
Gary T. Henry
Vanderbilt University

Los Angeles
London
New Delhi
Singapore
Washington DC
Melbourne
FOR INFORMATION:

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stored in a database or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publisher.
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for the purpose of illustration and are the property of their respective
owners. Reference to these trademarks in no way indicates any relationship
with, or endorsement by, the trademark owner.
Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 978-1-5063-0788-6

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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Brief Contents Chapter Outline Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline Chapter Outline Chapter
Outline Chapter Outline Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline Chapter Outline Chapter
Outline Chapter Outline Chapter Outline
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
1 | What Is Program Evaluation and Why Is It Needed?
2 | Social Problems and Assessing the Need for a Program
3 | Assessing Program Theory and Design
4 | Assessing Program Process and Implementation
5 | Measuring and Monitoring Program Outcomes
6 | Impact Evaluation: Isolating the Effects of Social Programs in the
Real World
7 | Impact Evaluation: Comparison Group Designs
8 | Impact Evaluation: Designs With Strict Controls on Program
Access
9 | Detecting, Interpreting, and Exploring Program Effects
10 | Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Programs
11 | Planning an Evaluation
12 | The Social and Political Context of Evaluation
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index
Detailed Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
1 | What Is Program Evaluation and Why Is It Needed?
What Is Program Evaluation?
Why Is Program Evaluation Needed?
Systematic Program Evaluation
The Central Role of Evaluation Questions
The Five Domains of Evaluation Questions and Methods
Summary
Key Concepts
2 | Social Problems and Assessing the Need for a Program
The Role of Evaluators in Diagnosing Social Conditions and
Service Needs
Defining the Problem to Be Addressed
Specifying the Extent of the Problem: When, Where, and How
Big?
Defining and Identifying the Target Populations of Interventions
Describing Target Populations
Describing the Nature of Service Needs
Summary
Key Concepts
3 | Assessing Program Theory and Design
Evaluability Assessment
Describing Program Theory
Eliciting Program Theory
Assessing Program Theory
Possible Outcomes of Program Theory Assessment
Summary
Key Concepts
4 | Assessing Program Process and Implementation
What Is Program Process Evaluation and Monitoring?
Perspectives on Program Process Monitoring
Assessing Service Utilization
Assessing Organizational Functions
Summary
Key Concepts
5 | Measuring and Monitoring Program Outcomes
Program Outcomes
Identifying Relevant Outcomes
Measuring Program Outcomes
Monitoring Program Outcomes
Summary
Key Concepts
6 | Impact Evaluation: Isolating the Effects of Social Programs in the
Real World
The Nature and Importance of Impact Evaluation
When Is an Impact Evaluation Appropriate?
What Would Have Happened Without the Program?
The Logic of Impact Evaluation: The Potential Outcomes
Framework
The Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference: Unavoidable
Missing Data
Summary
Key Concepts
7 | Impact Evaluation: Comparison Group Designs
Bias in Estimation of Program Effects
Potential Advantages of Comparison Group Designs
Comparison Group Designs for Impact Evaluation
Cautions About Quasi-Experiments for Impact Evaluation
Summary
Key Concepts
8 | Impact Evaluation: Designs With Strict Controls on Program
Access
Controlling Selection Bias by Controlling Access to the Program
Key Concepts in Impact Evaluation
When Is Random Assignment Ethical and Practical?
Application of the Regression Discontinuity Design
Choosing an Impact Evaluation Design
Summary
Key Concepts
9 | Detecting, Interpreting, and Exploring Program Effects
The Magnitude of a Program Effect
Detecting Program Effects
Examining Variation in Program Effects
The Role of Meta-Analysis
Summary
Key Concepts
10 | Assessing the Economic Efficiency of Programs
Key Concepts in Efficiency Analysis
Conducting Cost-Benefit Analyses
Conducting Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
Summary
Key Concepts
11 | Planning an Evaluation
Evaluation Purpose and Scope
Data Collection, Acquisition, and Management
Data Analysis Plan
Communication Plan
Project Management Plan
Summary
Key Concepts
12 | The Social and Political Context of Evaluation
The Social Ecology of Evaluations
The Profession of Evaluation
Evaluation Standards, Guidelines, and Ethics
Utilization of Evaluation Results
Epilogue: The Future of Evaluation
Summary
Key Concepts
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index
proper basis for any contribution of program evaluators to policy or
practice. With respect for the facts comes respect for the methods that
best elucidate those facts, and Peter was an unstinting champion of
using the strongest feasible methods to tackle questions about social
programs.

Mark W. Lipsey
recently stepped down as the director of the Peabody Research
Institute at Vanderbilt University, a research unit devoted to research
on interventions for at-risk populations. After a more than 40-year
career in program evaluation, he has recently transitioned to what he
calls “semiretirement” but maintains an appointment as a research
professor in the Peabody College Department of Human and
Organizational Development. His research specialties are evaluation
research and research synthesis (meta-analysis) investigating the
effects of social interventions with children, youth, and families. The
topics of his recent work have been risk and intervention for juvenile
delinquency and substance use, early childhood education programs,
issues of methodological quality in program evaluation, and ways to
help practitioners and policymakers make better use of research to
improve the outcomes of programs for children and youth. Professor
Lipsey’s research has been supported by major federal funding
agencies and foundations and recognized by awards from the
university and major professional organizations. His published works
include textbooks on program evaluation, meta-analysis, and statistical
power as well as articles on applied methods and the effectiveness of
school and community programs for youth. Professor Lipsey’s
involvement in evaluation research began long ago in the doctoral
psychology program at the Johns Hopkins University and includes
graduate-level teaching at Claremont Graduate University and
Vanderbilt, editorial roles with major journals in the field, directorship
of several research centers dedicated to evaluation research, principal
investigator on many evaluation research studies, consultation on a
wide range of evaluation projects, and service on various national
boards and committees related to applied social science.

Gary T. Henry
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
vielfachen Krankheiten und Plagen des Erdteils, erschöpfend
ausgesprochen; ich habe nichts weiter hinzuzufügen.
In Europa gibt es dumme, mäßig begabte und ganz kluge
Menschen; in Afrika ist es nicht anders. Wohl konnte gerade die
ungeheure Lippenzier der Frauen da unten zuweilen den Eindruck
hervorrufen, als hätte man es mit dem vielgesuchten Bindeglied
zwischen Affe und Mensch, dem missing link der Deszendenzler, zu
tun; auch manches Negerbübchen konnte zu deszendenz-
theoretischen Vergleichen anreizen. Damit war indessen auch die
Veranlassung, hochnäsig von oben herab zu schauen, zu Ende. In
meinem während einer ganzen Reihe von Monaten durchgeführten
Zusammenleben mit den Völkern des Rovumagebietes habe ich den
Eindruck der Albernheit, den wir mit dem Neger gar zu gern
verbinden möchten, niemals entdeckt; im Gegenteil, man konnte das
Benehmen, mit dem nicht nur die würdigen Alten, sondern auch die
feurigen Jungen mit uns beiden Europäern verkehrten, mit Fug und
Recht als wohltuende Gesetztheit bezeichnen. Europäische
Volkskreise von gleicher sozialer Stellung hätten sich ein Beispiel
daran nehmen können. Auf Grund dieser guten persönlichen
Erfahrungen glaube ich auch nicht an das Dogma des Mangels jeder
Entwicklungsfähigkeit beim Neger; eine geistige Entwicklung ist ihm
nicht einmal in Nordamerika abzusprechen, trotzdem die
Hindernisse dort sicherlich größer sind als die
Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten; warum sollte er also nicht auf die
aufsteigende Bahn gelangen, sobald wir ihm die Gelegenheit dazu in
richtiger Weise bieten? Nur nicht von heute zu morgen sollen wir das
verlangen, das geht wider alle biologischen Entwicklungsgesetze;
ganz ebenso wie die Erwartung einer wirtschaftlichen Blüte von
heute zu morgen gegen jede geschichtliche Gesetzmäßigkeit
verstößt. —
Es ist längst Nacht geworden; der „König“ muß den Kurs
gewechselt haben, denn der Sturm faßt uns nicht mehr von vorn,
sondern stark backbords; sicherlich geht es jetzt auf Kreta zu;
morgen oder übermorgen werden wir an Griechenland
vorüberfahren. Ich freue mich, offen gestanden, auf den Anblick des
Landes, dessen antike Bevölkerung ich nicht so maß- und kritiklos
verhimmele wie so viele Männer bei uns daheim, denen der alte
Grieche die Verkörperung aller geschichtlichen und kulturellen
Tugenden ist. Nur eins wird den alten Hellenen auch der Neid lassen
müssen: kolonialen Unternehmungsmut haben sie in einem Ausmaß
besessen, daß sie uns in dieser Beziehung für unsere ganze Zukunft
als Vorbild dienen können.
Über dieser Zukunft liegt ein dichter Schleier. Wird uns Deutsch-
Ostafrika ein zweites Indien werden? Nicht einen Augenblick
bezweifele ich das; mein Auge sieht das weite Land durchzogen von
Schienensträngen. Der eine folgt der alten, großen
Karawanenstraße von der Küste bis zum Tanganyika. Den alten
Trägerverkehr hat das schnaubende Dampfroß lahmgelegt; dafür
beherbergt der ratternde Zug jetzt die früheren Träger selbst,
außerdem Massengüter, denen bei der alten Art des
Karawanenhandels der Weltmarkt verschlossen war. Zum Victoria-
Nyansa läuft ein Schienenstrang und auch zum entlegenen Nyassa;
wir gewinnen Anschluß an das britische Netz Südafrikas, an die
Fahrstraßen des Kongostaates, an das Niltal. Vor dreißig Jahren
noch war Stanleys Marsch zum Seengebiet und die Fahrt den Kongo
hinab eine entdeckerische Großtat: wir Leute von heute fahren
vielleicht noch mit dem Luxuszuge vom Kap bis Kairo, von
Daressalam bis Kamerun.
Register.

Abdallah bin Malim, Wali von Mahuta 429. 430.


Aberglauben 230. 231. 232. 353. 484. 485.
Achemtinga 381.
Achinamakanjira 380.
Achinamataka 380.
Achingalla 382.
Adams, Pater 317.
„Admiral“ 498.
Affen 256.
Afrika, Bevölkerung 23. 24.
Afrikafonds 17. 18.
Alamande 382.
Alaun 191. 192.
Akuchigombo 390. 391.
Akuchikomu 271. 283. 356.
Akumapanje 230. 232. 233.
Akundonde 177. 178. 182. 230. 232. 233. 234. 237. 254.
265. 278. 361. 363.
Altersklassen 369.
Amachinga 380. 381.
Amakale 380.
Amali 275.
Amassaninga 380.
Amiraji 382.
Amulette 231. 384.
Anamungwi 234. 269. 274. 275. 276. 362.
Antilopen 250.
Araber 4.
Arbeitsrhythmus 471. 472.
Askari 44.
Assuan 502.
Atlantischer Ozean 10.
Aufstand in Ostafrika 69.
Aussatz 139. 241. 242.

Bab el Mandeb 24.


Bafta 121.
Bagamoyo 2.
Bakiri 178. 179.
Bambusfrucht 382.
Bangala 262. 265. 422.
Bantuneger 20. 24. 72. 177.
Bantusprache VII.
Baobab 256.
Barasa 81. 88.
Barden s. Chelikosoe, Sulila.
Barnabas 448.
Barrabarra 70. 293. 407.
Basi-Erbse 92. 119. 201.
Bastian, Adolf 22.
Bauchtanz 275.
Baumgrassteppe, lichte, s. Pori.
Baumkultus 396. 398.
Baumwolle 281. 401.
Beerdigung 481. 482.
Benediktiner, Mission 69.
Bergbaufeld Luisenfelde 104.
Beriberi 241.
Beschneidung 229. 268. 269; s. Unyago.
Bismarckburg 455.
Blantyre 380.
Blasbalg 326.
Blasrohr 246.
Bogen 99. 100. 347. 348;
Spannweisen 99.
Bornhardt, Geologe 82. 89. 90. 91.
Botokuden 75.
Briefträger 143. 144.
Buchner, Max 79. 80.

Carnon, Reverend 65. 98.


Chelikosoe 220–222.
Chihero 368.
Chikugwe 72. 153.
Chingulungulu 136. 140. 162. 169. 171. 175. 188. 213. 220.
238. 243. 254. 256. 319;
Bevölkerung 176.
Chipini s. Nasenpflock.
Chiputu s. Echiputu.
Chironji 91. 456.
Chissi 184.
Chiwata 140. 148.
Chiwäula 183.
Collinscher Kraftmesser 13. 58.
Cromlech 366. 367.

Daggara, Beschneidungshütte 268. 362.


Dampfer der Regierung 487.
Daressalam 1. 2. 29. 41. 42. 43. 44. 59. 60. 62. 68. 496.
497. 498. 500.
Daua, Zaubermittel 69. 70.
Daudi, Prediger 194. 232. 305. 381. 482.
von der Decken 66.
Dernburg 509.
Deutsche, Kastengeist 59.
Deutsche und Engländer 12. 13.
Diabolospiel 458. 459. 460.
Diluvialmensch 25.
Doherr, Kapitän 499.
Drehscheibe 334.

Echiputu 271. 274. 292. 361. 371.


Eherecht 382. 383.
Eheverbot 236.
Einbaum 260.
Eisenbahnen in Ostafrika 3. 514.
Eisenstein 325.
Eisentechnik 325. 326.
Elefanten 262. 417. 419. 420. 421. 427. 428. 476;
Jagd 251–253.
Elendantilope 250.
Embe s. Mango.
Engelhardt, Hauptmann 67.
England 507;
Kolonialkriege 507. 508.
Engländer 13. 14.
Ernährung in Ostafrika 61. 62.
Ethnologie 22.
Euphorbien 323.
Europäerleben in Ostafrika 59. 60. 61. 62.
Ewerbeck, Bezirkshauptmann 42. 62. 63. 66. 80. 82. 94.
96. 97. 102. 144. 178. 239. 240. 257. 409. 496.
Exogamie 342.
Eyassi-See 19. 20.

Fallen 125. 127. 128.


Feuererzeugung 231. 243. 244–248.
Feuerkultus 369.
Feuerlose Völker 244.
Feuerpumpe 246.
Fieber 168. 169. 170. 239. 240. 241. 308. 309.
Fliegen 186.
Frauenarbeit 331.
Frauentriller 285.
Fundi, Handwerksmeister 158.
Funsa s. Sandfloh.

Geheimbünde 370.
Gelbgießer 326. 327. 328.
Geld in Ostafrika 131. 132.
Gerichtsbarkeit 154. 155. 156.
Geschlechternamen, Erklärung 378.
Geschlechtsverband s. Litaua.
Gespenstergeschichten 399. 400.
Getränke in Ostafrika 62.
Gneiskuppen 89. 90. 91. 92. 141.
Grabbäume 398.
Gräber 73. 243. 323;
für Kinder 168.
Granaten 262.
Guillain, Admiral 3.

Haber, Geheimrat 31.


Hackbau 126. 510. 511.
Hakenkreuz s. Swastika.
Hamiten 20. 23. 25.
Hammer 337.
Hängebauch der Knaben 187.
Hanno der Karthager 81.
Hatia 72. 73. 74. 323;
Grab 73. 243.
Haus, Ursprung 331.
Hausverschluß 319. 320–322.
Heirat bei den Makonde und Makua 373;
bei den Yao 371. 372. 373.
Heller 132.
Helmolt, Weltgeschichte 9.
Hemedi Maranga 300. 481.
Hendereras Dorf 408.
Hinrichtung 43. 44.
Hirse 207.
Holland 507.
Holzskulpturen 317. 444. 445.
Hüttensteuer 219.
Huwe 326.

Ikoma, Tanz 277. 278.


Indischer Ozean 3. 9. 10. 311.
Inselberge 88. 89. 90. 91. 141. 146. 254.
Ipiviflöten 356.
Iraku 151.
Irangi, Aufstand 31. 32.
Islam 243. 339. 486.
Italien 5. 6;
Landschaft 7;
Völkerschichten 5;
in Afrika 29.
Itona s. Lippenscheibe.
Itondosha 399. 400.

Jagdabenteuer 483. 484.


Jagdwaffen 248. 249.
Jagdzauber 249. 250. 251. 252.
Jaeger, Dr. 18. 310.
Jägervolk 222. 223.
Jumbe Chauro, Ort 319. 320.

Kaffern 177. 406. 412.


Kaiserhof, Hotel 497.
„Kaiser Wilhelm II.“ 487.
Kakalle 356.
Kalanje 183.
Kamuma-Baum 398.
Kandulu 415.
Kanga 68.
„Kanzler“ 496.
Kap Banura 39. 40.
Kap Guardafui 22. 27. 28;
Leuchtturm 29.
Kaprubine 262. 263.
Kartenzeichnen der Neger 453. 454. 455.
Kasi Uleia 112. 113.
Kattune 335.
Katuli 183.
Kettengefangene 44. 45. 451.
Kiboko 145.
Kibwana 34. 53. 105. 109. 204. 210. 212. 266. 271. 277.
299.
Kieselsteine unter der Zunge 394. 395.
Kigelia 164.
Kiheru 489.
Kilimandscharo 151.
Kilwa 36. 66.
— Kisiwani 38. 41.
— Kiwindje 34. 38.
Kinambarre, heiße Quellen 70.
Kinematograph VII. 50. 222. 223. 271. 466.
Kipini s. Nasenpflock.
Kirchhoff, Alfred, Geheimrat VI.
Kirongosi, Führer 96.
Kitanda, Bettgestell 172.
Kitulo, Berg 63. 490. 491.
Kilututu, Berg 91.
Kiyao, Sprache der Yao 68.
Klima in Massassi 146;
in Newala 254. 255. 298. 299. 395;
am Rovuma 428.
Knabenbeschneidung s. Unyago.
Knotenknüpfen 232.
Knotenschrift 401. 402.
Knudsen, Nils 82. 102. 103. 104. 137. 140. 148. 154. 163.
164. 168. 169. 171. 184. 186. 208. 212. 233. 234. 236.
239. 249. 255. 256. 257. 260. 261. 262. 293. 309. 310.
311. 343. 373. 374. 376. 379. 388. 390. 407. 417. 419.
420. 422. 428. 476. 479. 480. 483. 484. 485. 492.
Koch, Geheimrat 138.
Kochkunst 329. 330. 332.
Kofia tule 141. 142.
Kohlenlager 178.
Kolonialkongreß 18.
Kolonien, deutsche, Erforschung 17. 18.
Kondoa-Irangi-Expedition 17. 19. 30. 31.
Konservieren des Fleisches 253;
des Getreides 117. 118. 173.
Kontinente, alte 25. 26.
Korsett 78. 79. 80.
Krankenpflege 242.
Krankheiten 112. 113. 114. 156. 241. 395. 396. 411.
Kreisel 350. 351.
Krokodile 259. 422. 423.
Kuhn, Sprachforscher 245.
Kulturpflanzen 92. 256.

Labia minora, Verlängerung 371.


Langheld 413.
Leben nach dem Tode 396.
Leberwurstbaum s. Kigelia.
Lichehe-See 256.
Lidede-See 405. 409. 419.
Liebeszauber 232.
Lieder VII. 47. 48. 49. 50. 86. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 217.
218–222. 286. 287. 295. 324. 399. 400. 471. 474. 475.
476.
Lieder, Geologe 66.
Likopoloe 184.
Likosoe s. Chelikosoe.
Likuku 294.
Likumbi 367.
Linder, Wirtschaftsinspektor 221. 490.
Lindi 32. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 59. 62. 380. 401. 477. 478.
492. 496.
Lippenpflock s. Lippenscheibe.
Lippenscheibe 75. 76. 77. 273. 274. 416. 436. 437. 438.
439;
Einfluß auf Sprache 463.
Liquata, Tanz 85. 433. 451.
Liquiqui, Eule 264. 453.
Lisakassa 361.
Litaua 376. 377. 378. 379.
Litotwe 354. 445.
Livingstone 66. 149. 257. 258.
Löwen 74. 75. 205. 262. 300.
Luagala 44. 488. 489.
Lubbock 244.
Ludjende 177. 178. 380. 382.
Lugombo 351.
Luisenfelde, Bergbaufeld 262. 263. 265.
Lukimua, Fluß 414. 415. 416.
Lukosyo 380.
Lukuledi 40. 63. 81. 83. 88. 242. 311. 325. 476. 489. 490;
Tal 66. 69;
Niederung 73. 318.
Lumesule 177.
Lupanda 270. 272. 363. 366.
Luwanja, Tanz 226.

Machemba 488.
Madjedje, Landschaft 90;
Berge 312.
Madyaliwa 413. 414. 415. 425. 426.
Mafia, Insel 39.
Mafiti 150. 406. 416.
Magwangwara 150. 406.
Mahuta 316. 318. 406. 407. 408. 409. 417. 430. 431. 435.
486.
Majimaji, Aufstand 48. 69. 70. 72. 73. 433.
Mais 207.
Makachu, Jumbe 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 440. 441.
Makale 414.
Makatta-Ebene 454.
Makonde 72. 93. 176. 258. 284. 304. 314. 319. 320. 325.
367. 379. 382. 409. 506;
Feldbau 305. 314. 315. 407;
Geschichte 315;
Häuser 319;
Hausfresken 446. 447;
Hausverschluß 319. 320. 321. 322;
Heirat 373;
Lippenscheibe 77. 439;
Masken 289. 290;
Maskentanz 370;
Namen 315. 316. 317;
Siedelungen 446;
Sprache 462. 463;
Stammessage 316;
Stammgesetze 316;
Ursprung 317. 318;
Volksfeste 456. 457;
Ziernarben 440;
Zwillinge 344.
Makondebusch 292. 293. 311. 312. 313. 314. 410;
Entstehung 313. 314. 315.
Makondeplateau 66. 73. 76. 77. 82. 88. 89. 146. 163. 303.
311. 370. 401. 405. 418. 424. 505;
Bevölkerung 304;
Flüsse 190;
Wasserverhältnisse 303. 304.
Makondeschichten 303. 312.
Makosyo 380.
Makua 93. 126. 176. 177. 179. 218. 258. 304. 314. 319.
377. 379. 382. 393. 506;
Leben nach dem Tode 399;
Häuptlinge 73;
Hautfarbe 72;
Heirat 373;
Hütten 323;
Jäger 222. 223;
Tänze 223–226;
Wanderung 151.
Makwaru, Tanz 223. 224. 225. 226.
Malambo 177.
Malaria 138. 241. 318.
Maluchiro 243.
Mambo sasa 412. 413.
Mango 380. 488. 496. 497.
Mangroven 35. 36.
Mangupa 292. 356. 367.
Maniok, wilder 382.
Mannbarkeitsfest s. Unyago.
Manyara-See 19.
Marenga Mkali 454.
Marquardt 262. 263. 453.
Marschleben 104. 105. 106. 108. 109. 110.
Masewe, Rasseln 226;
Tanz 226. 361.
Masimbo 382.
Masitu 150. 179. 218. 406.
Masken 289. 290. 444.
Massai 23. 151;
Hütten 110. 111.
Massai-Affen 151.
Massanje-Heirat 371. 372.
Massassi 64. 74. 87. 88. 92. 93. 110. 136. 139. 173. 176.
177. 178. 213. 254. 319. 335;
Boma 124;
Gebiet 88;
Gräber 243;
Klima 146;
Militärstation 65. 87. 89;
Mission 64. 65. 94. 96;
Stämme 92. 93;
Vegetation 92.
— -Berge 88. 89. 91. 455. 456;
Entstehung 90. 91.
Massekere-Matola 120. 135.
Masumgumso V.
Mataka 380.
Matambwe 72. 176. 179. 258. 292. 304. 325. 416. 422;
Frauen 294. 295;
Auflösung des Stammes 258;
Schwimmkunst 422. 423.
Matola 140. 169. 171. 176. 177. 179. 180. 184. 185. 194.
195. 201. 222. 264. 291. 357. 358. 406;
Haus 171. 172. 173.
Mawia 319. 418. 445. 446;
Zopf 445;
Tätowierung 446.
Mawiaplateau 409. 418.
Mbemkuru 316. 318. 505.
Mchauru 279.
Medizinen 231. 396.
Medulla, Zauberer 279. 280. 281. 282.
Mehlbereitung 207. 208.
Mehlopfer 396. 397. 398.
Menschheit, Herkunft 23;
Entwicklung 25.
Menstruation 383. 384.
Mentore der Knaben 234;
Ansprache 234. 235. 236.
Merker, Hauptmann 23. 31.
Messing 328.
Meteore 230.
Meyer, Prof. Dr. Hans 18.
Mgoromondo 351. 389.
Mhogo 92. 119.
Mikindani 32. 41. 315. 401.
Mikindanischichten 303.
Mirambo 488.
Mischrassen 25. 26.
Mission, englische 64. 65. 93. 98. 305. 391.
Missionare 75.
Mitete 444. 445. 446.
Mkomahindo 91.
Mkululu 161. 162.
Mkwera 91.
Mlila 264.
Mlipa 323.
Mluhesi 414.
Mnyampara, Trägerführer 38. 106. 107.
Mombassa 2. 3. 29. 44.
Mondfinsternis 230.
Monsun 29.
Moritz 34. 104. 109. 160. 210. 212. 213. 266. 271. 277.
379.
Morse 99.
Moskitonetz 138.
Moskitos 36.
Mpapua 454.
Mputa 184.
Mrogoro 454.
Mrweka 490.
Msollo-Baum 396. 397. 398.
Mtama 72.
Mtandi 91. 94;
Besteigung 94. 95. 96. 97.
Mtarika 177. 179. 264. 265.
Mtschingabai 40.
Mtua 66. 72.
Muerahochland 505.
Muhesa 499.
Munchira 367. 368.
Mundsteine 393. 394. 395.
Muschel 382.
Musikinstrumente 214. 215. 226. 227. 268. 351.
Musik in Südostafrika 218.
Musikkapelle 214. 224. 226. 227. 500.
Mutterrecht 236. 426.
Mwiti 141. 145. 146. 147. 154. 243. 382.
Myombowald 82.

Nachtlager 153.

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