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Journal Of Contemporary Urban Affairs
2018, Volume 2, Number 3, pages 146– 152
A R T I C L E I N F O: ABSTRACT
Article history: The Dardanelles Strait functions as a bridge between Biga and Gelibolu
Received 15 July 2018 peninsulas, connecting the Aegean Sea and Marmara Sea. Many defenses
Accepted 23 September 2018
Available online 13 October have been built on the Dardanelles Strait, which have hosted many
2018 civilizations from the past to the present day, in line with the needs of the time.
Kilitbahir Castle, which has a three-leaf clover plan and is located on a slope
Keywords: rising on the Gallipoli peninsula in the narrowest part of the Bosphorus after
Kilitbahir Castle;
the conquest of Istanbul by Mehmet the Conqueror; manifests itself as a
Refunctioning;
Defense structure; pioneering structure of the military architecture of the era with the developing
Museum. artillery technology. The castle consists of a heart-shaped seven-storey inner
tower in the core, the inner tower in the form of a three-leaf clover and the
outer walls surrounding it. The architectural assembly of the castle is among
the most aesthetic and unique among the Ottoman Castles. In terms of
protecting the physical environment, it is observed that the defensive buildings
which survived up to today are not adequately protected, losing their
historical and architectural values. In this context, the restoration of
This work is licensed under a Kilitbahir Castle dating back to Ottoman Period defense structures on the
Creative Commons Attribution
- NonCommercial - NoDerivs 4.0. Dardanelles Strait was evaluated. Its phases throughout the process along
"CC-BY-NC-ND" with the current location and architecture were evaluated by using written
and visual resources. European Archives, BNF Archives, Topkapı Palace
Archives and Istanbul University Archives were utilized for reaching the
castle engravings. In accordance with the information obtained in the
historical research process, the exhibition arrangement and environment
planning project of the structure, which serves as a museum, were prepared.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2018), 2(3), 146-152.
https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2018.4729
www.ijcua.com
Copyright © 2018 Journal Of Contemporary Urban Affairs. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction structures from the past to the present day are
One of the most important actions of human one of the important elements forming the
existence is the concept of protection and urban texture. The castle buildings were built
defense. These actions led to the emergence
of defense structures. They needed to be *Corresponding Author:
Faculty of Architecture, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul,
protected in order to prevent any attack from Turkey. E-mail address: kubra_gobeloglu@hotmail.com
the opposite side and created defenses that
they could protect themselves with. Defense
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS, 2(3), 146-152 / 2018
along the periphery of the cities, on the islands Figure 01: Map of 18th Century Dardanelles Strait, National
Library of France, Map and Planning Department, GE C-
near the straits or on the sea shore and near
4074.
the shore. In this process, the strategic location It was built by Mehmet the Conqueror after the
of the city and topography also played an conquest of Istanbul in order to keep the
important role. In this context, the castles Bosphorus under control between 1461-1462.
consist of circular, hexagonal or polygonal Having a three-leaf clover plan and located on
masses of bastions, or in a regular geometric a slope rising on the Gallipoli peninsula in the
form, bound together according to the narrowest part of the Bosphorus, Kilitbahir
topography of the city. When it comes to Castle manifests itself as a pioneering structure
defense in the Turkish and Islamic cities, the of the military architecture of the era,
buildings made up of sections such as Inner integrated with the developing artillery
castle, Outer castle, Şehristan and Rabat come technology.
to mind. The inner castle is the main center of The castle consists of a heart-shaped seven-
the defense of the area surrounded by the storey inner tower in the core, the inner tower in
ramparts on the highest slope of the city, the the form of a three-leaf clover and the outer
area where the ruler or commander resides. It is walls surrounding it. The sea-side part of the
the core point of the city. Outer castle arc-shaped outer walls did not survive. There
surrounds the city. Şehristan is a region in the are ten bastions on the outer walls. Two of the
city with trade, religion, public and residential bastions are circular, four are triangular and
areas. Rabat is the area where there are trade four are square. There are three gates on the
functions and structures that develop around outer walls, two on the land and one on the
the fortress doors outside the fortifications. sea side. The inner castle form of a clover plan
Kilitbahir Castle, which was ordered to be built formed by the joining of three circular shaped
by Fatih Sultan Mehmed in the Ottoman Period walls. The courtyards inside the walls are
with its own scheme, is located at the separated by a door. It was aimed to separate
narrowest part of the Dardanelles Strait, directly the courtyards from each other by closing the
opposite of the Castle Fortress to control the doors at the time of the attack. The inner castle
sea passage at Rumeli Side. Tursun Bey, one of has two gates, one at the sea and one at the
the historians of the period, wrote that two land side. Inside the clover-shaped inner castle
castles facing each other were built in the walls are seven-story inner towers reflecting the
narrowest part of the Bosphorus (called same geometry. The inner tower is connected
Eceovasi) after the conquest of Istanbul, that to the inner castle walls with arches separating
one of them was named Kilîdü'l-bahr and the the courtyards.
other was named Sultaniye and these castles
were equipped with artilleries. (1)
2. Literature Review
2.1. Kilitbahir Castle Location and History
Kilitbahir Castle is located on the Dardanelles
Strait, which connects the Marmara Sea and
Aegean Sea, at the edge of Malaz Hill where
two opposite shores get closest with each
other.
Long Tour:
o Yellow Tower / General Museum
Presentation,
o Demo Museum / Disabled, Old, Sick,
Tired Visitors,
o Amphitheater / Greeting and Museum
Activity Area,
o Piri Reis Section,
o Multivision Section,
o Temporary Exhibition Section,
o Tower Museum
2 separate tours as specified above were
offered where visitors would be able to visit the
Tower built by Suleiman the Magnificent, the outdoor and exhibition spaces without leaving
Late Period Courtyard and the additions made the script, to easily participate in museum
in Abdülhamit Era. activities along the route, and to avoid
Figure 08: Era of the Conqueror (Inner Tower) - Era of unrestrained travels within the area.
Suleiman the Magnificent (Yellow Tower, Late Period
Courtyard) - Era of Abdülhamit (Military Factory, Shrine), K.
Duyar.
"Ei, nyt en sinua jätä rauhaan; sinun täytyy nyt jättää uneilemisesi
ja tehdä minulle seuraa! Huomenna on sunnuntai ja Taavetin päivä!
Äitisi kehoitti minua viemään nimipäivä-koristetta Mäkirannan
Taavetille, sille isolle juopolle, ja käski etsiä sinua kumppanikseni.
Olisinpa mielelläni lähtenyt sille huviretkelle, mutta…
"Tulenhan minä mielelläni", kiiruhti Kalle sanomaan, "käykäämme
heti toimeen!"
"No äläs nyt sillä tavoin souda!" keskeytti Miina, "Sillä tavalla
emme ikänä pääse Taavetin töllille!"
Taavetilla oli sentään yksi paha tapa, hän tahtoi aina toisinaan
vähän ryypiskellä, ja päihtyneenä oli hän hurjapäinen. Tämä sattui
kumminkin harvoin, eikä tehnyt suurta haittaa torpan edistymiselle.
"Taavetti on miesten parhaita, kyllä hän pian tekee itsellensä aika
kartanon", sanottiin kylässä.
Sattui silloin tulemaan hyinen halla, joka yhtenä yönä turmeli koko
viljavan laihon, jättäen jälkeensä lakastuneet oljet. Hiljaa, sanaa
virkkamatta katseli Taavetti aamulla viljasarkojaan; surullisena seisoi
vaimo vieressä, huokaillen.
Askel oli astuttu, pitkä, kauhea askel, pois oikealta tieltä, hän ei
ollut kylläksi vahva kantamaan murheen raskasta taakkaa; viimein
haki hän lohdutusta väärältä taholta. Rukouksilla ja kyynelillä koitti
vaimo saada miestänsä kapakasta, mutta siitä ei ollut mitään hyötyä.
"Heih! kas sitä kuin peljästyin! tulipa se ranta äkkiä! Olisin vielä
mieluummin ollut tuolla järvellä, siellä oli niin ihanaa, hauskaa!"