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Praise for Mastering Informatics
“A fantastic book! This is a timely and needed healthcare informatics book that can help both practic-
ing informaticians and students. It includes essential knowledge needed in the current healthcare en-
vironment and helpful tools that can be used for diverse health IT projects. I am very grateful for the
authors’ generous sharing of their expertise with others.”
–Eun-Shim Nahm, PhD, RN, FAAN
Professor and Program Director
Nursing Informatics
University of Maryland School of Nursing
“The experience and diversity of the authors bring together a rich compendium of forward-thinking
and practical advice that covers most aspects of the informatics lifecycle. I highly recommend this
valuable resource for today’s informaticiansÂ�—from novice to experienced.”
–Deborah Ariosto, PhD, RN
Director, Patient Care Informatics & CNIO
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
“Mastering Informatics provides a critical resource for those working to improve health and healthcare
through the practice of informatics. The authors articulate a clear, well organized, pragmatic approach
to the multiple challenges in this field. The chapters present the basics and then move beyond to offer
application of principles, lessons learned by informatics experts, helpful tips, and a vision for future
directions. This book offers outstanding support to facilitate and enhance the mastery of informatics
practice.”
–Carol A. Romano, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMI
Rear Admiral (Ret), U.S. Public Health Service
Professor and Associate Dean, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
Former Senior Consultant for Clinical Research Informatics, National Institutes of Health
“Sengstack and Boicey have provided the necessary elements for mastering informatics for profes-
sionals engaged in the design and delivery of systems to support the changing model of care. This
book presents emerging trends facing the delivery system and how informatics and informatics pro-
fessionals can respond to the demands for consumer quality outcomes and experience of care.”
–Andrea Mazzoccoli, PhD, RN, FAAN
Chief Nursing Officer, Bon Secours Health System
Center for Clinical Excellence and Innovation
MasteringInformatics.indb 1 12/16/14 9:45 PM

“Sengstack and Boicey have compiled a very comprehensive resource for both practicing informati-
cists and those interested in nursing informatics. This is an excellent resource in all areas of nursing
informatics.”
–Mary Beth Mitchell, MSN, RN, BC, CPHIMS
CNIO, Texas Health Resources
“This is sure to become the ‘go to’ book for implementers of all types of health IT. The pragmatic
lessons and practical examples will assist both those new to health informatics and those experienced
who are looking for new ideas. This introspective text will help implementers understand informatics
and how to use health IT to advance the vision of better health, better care, and lower costs.”
–Judy Murphy, RN, FACMI, FHIMSS, FAAN
Chief Nursing Officer, IBM Healthcare

Mastering Informatics
A Healthcare Handbook for Success
Patricia P. Sengstack, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS

Charles M. Boicey, MS, RN-BC, PMP, CLNC, CPHIMS

Copyright © 2015 by Sigma Theta Tau International
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ISBN: 9781938835667
EPUB ISBN: 9781938835674
PDF ISBN: 9781938835681
MOBI ISBN: 9781938835698
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mastering informatics : a healthcare handbook for success / [edited by] Patricia Sengstack, Charles Boicey.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-938835-66-7 (print : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-938835-67-4 (EPUB) -- ISBN 978-1-938835-68-1 (PDF) --
ISBN 978-1-938835-69-8 (MOBI)
I. Sengstack, Patricia, 1959- , editor. II. Boicey, Charles, 1959- , editor. III. Sigma Theta Tau International, issuing body.
[DNLM: 1. Medical Informatics--methods. 2. Electronic Health Records. 3. Health Information Management. 4. Telemedicine.
W 26.5]
R855.3
610.285--dc23
2014039190
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
First Printing, 2015
Publisher: Dustin Sullivan Principal Book Editor: Carla Hall

Acquisitions Editor: Emily Hatch Development and Project Editor: Brian Walls
Editorial Coordinator: Paula Jeffers Copy Editor: Teresa Artman
Cover Designer: Michael Tanamachi Proofreaders: Erin Geile and Barbara Bennett
Interior Design/Page Layout: Rebecca Batchelor Indexers: Joy Dean Lee and Larry Sweazy
Illustrator: Clint Lahnen

Dedication
I dedicate this book to my father, Dr. Donald Keith Pumroy, who taught me to be a lifelong
learner, to mentor others, to focus on the behavior, and to always wear a grin.
–Patricia Pumroy Sengstack, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS

Acknowledgments
First, we would like to thank Sigma Theta Tau International for providing the opportunity
to author this book on informatics. Such a book is something we knew was needed, but we
didn’t have a publisher to make it happen—until now.
A huge thank you to all our contributing authors who put in a significant effort to develop
chapters that reflect more than just textbook information, but content infused with both evi-
dence and experience to give readers some great tools.
I would like to acknowledge the support from the Bon Secours Health System in the writ-
ing and editing of this book—in particular, my boss, Andrea Mazzoccoli, RN, PhD, FAAN,
who supported me by giving me the time and encouragement to make this possible. I would
also like to acknowledge my wonderful husband, Glenn J. Sengstack, who had to take over
cooking, laundry, and sundry other tasks, so I could disappear for a few months and dedicate
my time to this effort, and to my comedic son, Donald G. Sengstack, for his constant remind-
ers to “quit procrastinating.”
–Patricia P. Sengstack, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS
I would like to acknowledge Patty Sengstack for providing me the opportunity to play a role
in the production of this manuscript as well as authoring a chapter. It was an excellent learn-
ing experience. Special acknowledgements to my family, Ana and Bryan, for their patience
over the years and for being cool with late nights, early mornings, and weekends at work.
I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Howard Belzberg; Dr. William Shoemaker; Emma
Farmer, RN; Jim Murry; Lisa Dahm, PhD; Carol and Carolyn Bloch, RN, for giving me inspi-
ration and the freedom to take the road less traveled; and to Patricia Ramos, RN, for travel-
ing with me on that road for 10 years.
–Charles M. Boicey, MS, RN-BC, PMP, CLNC, CPHIMS

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I f you do not have an access code, you can still obtain the CNE. However, you will have to pay full retail price. You
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For questions or additional help, please email us at solutions@nursingknowledge.org.
Sigma Theta Tau International is an accredited provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center
(ANCC) Commission
Sigma Theta on Accreditation.
Tau International is an accredited provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing
Center (ANCC) Commission on Accreditation.

About the Authors
Patricia Sengstack is the Chief Nursing Informatics Officer for the Bon Secours Health
System based in Marriottsville, MD, and is the former Deputy CIO and Chief of Clinical
Informatics at the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland.
Prior to holding these positions, she worked for Computer Sciences Corporation and
was on the leadership team that implemented the Clinical Research Information System
at the NIH Clinical Center.
Sengstack received her BSN from the University of Maryland and went on to receive
her master’s degree in Healthcare Administration and a post-master’s degree in Nursing
Informatics, also from the University of Maryland. She now serves on the curriculum
advisory Board for the University of Maryland’s Nursing Informatics program. She re-
ceived her doctor of nursing practice degree from Vanderbilt University in Nashville,
Tennessee, and now serves on that faculty and instructs informatics students at both the
master’s and doctoral levels. In May 2014, she received the Dean’s Award for Recognition
of Faculty Achievement in Informatics from the Vanderbilt University School of
Nursing. She is now the President of the American Nursing Informatics Association
and has served on its board of directors since 2012. Her nursing background includes
working as an ICU Nurse and a Clinical Nurse Specialist in the Washington, D.C. met-
ropolitan area. She has multiple publications, most recently in the Journal of Healthcare
Information Management on the configuration of safe CPOE systems. She has presented
at the national level in multiple venues, including the 2014 HIMSS and AONE annual
conferences. She is board certified in Nursing Informatics and has been certified as a
professional in health information management (CPHIMS) since 2008. Her focus over
the last several years has been health IT’s impact on patient safety as well as building a
program to improve the evaluation process of healthcare IT systems.

Charles Boicey is the Enterprise Analytics Architect for Stony Brook Medicine. In his
role, he is developing the analytics infrastructure to serve the clinical, operational, qual-
ity, and research needs of the organization. Prior leadership roles include: Informatics
Solution Architect, University of California, Irvine; Chief Informatics Officer, Riverside
County Regional Medical Center; Senior Project Manager, City of Hope; Nurse Manager,

About the Authors ix
Nursing Information Systems, LAC + USC Medical Center; and Nurse Manager,
Trauma/Surgical Intensive Care Unit, LAC + USC Medical Center.
Boicey received his diploma in Nursing from the Los Angeles County General
Hospital School of Nursing, his BS in Business Administration from the University of
Phoenix, and his master’s degree in Technology Management from Stevens Institute
of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey. He is the vice president of the American
Nursing Informatics Association and has served on its board of directors since 2010.
He is a member of the HIMSS National Innovation Committee, a former member of
the HIMSS National Nursing Informatics Committee, and the former Chair of the
HIMSS SoCal Chapter Clinical Informatics Committee. He has given more than 50
national/regional presentations and webinars to such professional organizations as
HIMSS, AORN, ANIA, and AMIA. He is board certified as an Informatics Nurse and
holds certifications as a Project Management Professional (PMP), Certified Legal
Nurse Consultant (CLNC), and Certified Professional in Healthcare Information and
Management Systems (CPHIMS).
His work for the past 4 years has centered on bringing the Big Data technologies that
power Yahoo!, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter to healthcare. He was a founding mem-
ber of the team that developed the Health and Human Services award-winning applica-
tion “MappyHealth” and he developed “Saritor,” which is a novel Big Data healthcare
data platform for advanced healthcare analytics.

Contributing Authors
Maria Arellano, MS, RN
Maria Arellano is the Clinical Product Manager for American Healthtech, a post-acute
care information technology company. She has 30 years experience in nursing special-
izing in long term post-acute care (LTPAC), and has served roles in nursing adminis-
tration, consulting, and teaching. Arellano has assisted nursing homes across the coun-
try with regulatory compliance and quality improvement activities and is a frequent
presenter of national and statewide workshops on clinical and leadership topics. Prior
to her current role, Arellano worked on telehealth research projects involving veterans
with PTSD, medication management, and heart failure. She also designed software ap-
plications for clinicians in LTPAC settings.
Arellano received her nursing degree from Arapahoe Community College, a BS

in business from the University of Phoenix, and a master’s degree in Health Care
Informatics from the University of Colorado, School of Nursing. Arellano served on
technical expert panels for CMS and is currently serving on the Nursing Informatics
Committee for HIMSS.
Melissa Barthold, MSN, RN-BC, CPHIMS, FHIMSS

Melissa Barthold is the Senior Clinical Solutions Strategist at the University of
Mississippi Medical Center, in Jackson, Mississippi. She has more than 25 years of nurs-
ing practice, with more than an additional 15 years practice as a nursing informaticist.
She obtained her master’s in Nursing Informatics in 1999 from Loyola University of
Chicago’s Niehoff School of Nursing where she is currently completing her doctor of
nursing practice degree. She has served on the HIMSS Nursing Informatics Taskforce
and Committee as the Chair of both the HIMSS Annual Conference Education
Committee (2010) and the Distance Education Committee (2011). She has chaired the
NI Taskforce’s Standard Practices Forum for the last several years. Melissa has served
as adjunct faculty at Loyola University of Chicago and Barry University, Miami Shores,
Florida, as a faculty facilitator at Excelsior College, and was appointed as adjunct fac-
ulty at Nova Southeastern University School of Nursing. She holds certifications from
HIMSS (CPHIMS) and Board Certification from the American Nursing Credentialing
Center, where she is serving her second term on the Content Expert Panel: Nursing
Informatics.

Contributing Authors xi
Lisa Anne Bove, DNP, RN-BC

Lisa Anne Bove is currently a Senior Manager with Leidos Health. Lisa Anne is a nurs-
ing informatics specialist focused on improving health using electronic information
and improving nurses and physicians work processes using technology in healthcare.
Lisa Anne has worked in healthcare informatics for more than 25 years in a variety
of positions and has been certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center in
Nursing Informatics since 1986. Lisa Anne functioned as the CNIO of a major multi-
system hospital system, as a program manager for larger clinical design and implemen-
tation projects, and as an educator for continuing education and college-level classes.
Bove received her DNP from Duke University in North Carolina in 2013, focus-
ing on informatics and the value of bedside documentation. Lisa Anne was also on
the American Nursing Informatics Association Board of Directors from 2005–2012
and was Conference Co-Chairperson from 2010–2012. Lisa Anne is an active confer-
ence planning committee member of the Delaware Valley Nursing Computer Network
(DVNCN). Lisa Anne has published and spoken on numerous topics, including infor-
matics and project management.
Seth D. Carlson, BS
Seth D. Carlson has more than 16 years experience in the field of Information
Technology, with the past 9 years in healthcare IT. He currently works as a principal
business analyst and integrator of new IT systems. In a former position, he served as a
Testing Lead for several years and specialized in the testing of Clinical Health Systems,
HL7 interfaces, and databases. He received his bachelor of science degree in Computer
Science in 1997 from the University of Maryland in College Park. He is currently en-
rolled in the master of science in Business and Management, Information Systems pro-
gram at the University of Maryland in College Park.
(Disclaimer: The views and opinions of the author expressed in “Testing in the
Healthcare Informatics Environment,” Chapter 4, do not necessarily state or reflect
those of the U.S. government.)
Lincoln S. Farnum, MS, RRT, CPHIMS

Lincoln Farnum is a health IT consultant living in the Tampa Bay, Florida area. A
registered respiratory therapist (RRT) with experience in both neonatal/pediatrics
and adults ranging from pulmonary lab and polysomnography to intensive care, Mr.

xii Mastering Informatics
Farnum brings his clinical experience to improving healthcare IT system usability and
intelligence. He received his master’s degree in Medical Informatics degree from the
Northwestern University’ Feinberg School of Medicine. He has been implementing
information systems, developing clinical decision support and business intelligence fea-
tures, and working to improve the experiences of clinicians for more than two decades.
Rick Gagnon, RN, FNP

Rick Gagnon is a registered nurse and a family nurse practitioner. As a clinician, he has
a valuable perspective on clinical operations with expertise in public health, acute care,
and home healthcare agency operations and management. In the home care arena, he
specializes in agency startups and consulting for certified and private duty agencies. As a
business and leadership coach, Mr. Gagnon illuminates the notion of possibility through
his passion for helping others develop their full potential. He also possesses valuable ex-
perience as a private business owner.
Gagnon has been a nurse for 30 years and has worked both as a clinician and in lead-
ership positions in acute care, public health, and home healthcare, as well as corporate
positions in healthcare and IT. For the past 15 years, Mr. Gagnon has focused his profes-
sional attention on home healthcare, in operations, startups, and informatics. He has
been a certified agency administrator, a branch manager, and a private duty manager,
and also served as the director of operations for private duty for one of the largest home
care companies in the United States, with 55 agencies reporting to him. He has worked
in a variety of healthcare software settings, including hospital IT and informatics, enter-
prise patient access, scheduling, and physician orders management, in implementation,
education, and systems analytics roles.
Daniel Gracie, DNP, RN-BC

Daniel Gracie received his bachelor of science in Nursing from Mountain State
University in Beckley, West Virginia. In 2007, he began work on his master of science in
Nursing in Administration at the Medical University of South Carolina. In 2010, he re-
turned to the Medical University of South Carolina and completed his doctor of nursing
practice in 2012. During this time, he focused his time on the implementation of infor-
matics competencies into the curriculum of baccalaureate nursing students.

Contributing Authors xiii
Currently, Gracie leads his team in the build of CPOE with the Epic project at the
Medical University of South Carolina. In this role, he also serves as a project lead for
the Meaningful Use and Regulatory Reporting planning and implementation. Prior to
this, he served in roles that focused on the implementation of healthcare IT solutions
and frontline staff support at the Medical University of South Carolina. Gracie also
teaches informatics and healthcare quality and leadership as adjunct faculty at a num-
ber of nursing schools.
As a board member of the American Nursing Informatics Association, Gracie has

served as the social media liaison and a member of the conference planning committee,
and has lead the conference planning committee for the past 3 years.
Susan M. Houston, MBA, RN-BC, PMP, CPHIMS, FHIMSS

Susan is the Chief Portfolio Officer at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
where she is responsible for the full lifecycle management of the clinical and adminis-
trative applications. She has extensive clinical, informatics, and project management
experience with a variety of healthcare-related organizations. Susan has taught project
management at the University of Maryland School of Nursing Masters of Informatics
program and has presented at local and national conferences. She has co-authored
a number of informatics articles and the book Project Management for Healthcare
Informatics (Springer publishing). She has authored a number of courses in the HIMSS
eLearning Academy as well as The Project Manager’s Guide to Health Information
Technology Implementation (HIMSS).
Susan C. Hull, MSN, RN

Susan Hull is a nursing executive and national thought leader who is passionate about
co-creating technology-enabled innovations, transforming health and care eco-systems
to dramatically improve population health and wellbeing, with national and interna-
tional reach. Susan believes we can achieve an affordable, sustainable learning health
system where consumers, providers, and communities are dynamically engaged and
thriving, with personalized health solutions achieving the Triple Aim.
With more than 30 years experience, Susan has served in a variety of roles trans-
forming health and improving health of populations, including nursing and health sys-
tem executive, new healthy community partnership and community health information
network (CHIN) executive, clinical informatics and decision support executive, con-

xiv Mastering Informatics
sultant and action researcher, and designing and managing a new Children’s Hospital
Emergency Service. Susan is the founder and CEO of WellSpring Consulting, support-
ing healthcare organizations and communities in the United States and Canada since
1994 to strengthen their capacity for innovation in services, products, and impact.
She recently served as the chief health informatics officer for Diversinet and the vice
president of the Elsevier CPM Resource Center, has served on the NeHC Consumer
e-Health Advisory Board and the ONC FACA Consumer Technology Standards
Workgroup, and serves on the Tiger Initiative Foundation board.
Amy K. Jacobs, MSN, RN-BC

Amy K. Jacobs is a terminology specialist at Medicomp Systems, Inc. She has 28 years
of nursing experience and has been actively involved in nursing informatics for the
last 12 years. She is board certified in nursing informatics by the American Nurses
Credentialing Center. She previously provided medical expertise for the National
Library of Medicine (NLM) Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and the
National Cancer Institute (NCI) Enterprise Vocabulary Services (EVS). She also has
extensive system analysis and system testing and evaluation experience. She served
on the board of the American Nursing Informatics Association (ANIA) in the role of
treasurer and job bank liaison. She currently is a member of ANIA, HIMSS, and AMIA.
She holds a post-master’s certificate in Nursing Informatics from the University of
Maryland, School of Nursing, a MSN from Georgetown University, School of Nursing,
and a BSN from Pensacola Christian College in Pensacola, Florida.
Brenda Kulhanek, PhD, MSN, MS, RN-BC, CPHIMS

Brenda Kulhanek is the Corporate Director for Clinical Practice and Education at
Adventist Health in California where she works with hospital, clinic, and home care
leaders to increase the performance of healthcare staff within their organizations.
She received her PhD in Training & Performance Improvement from the School of
Education at Capella University. She is a registered nurse, and is board certified in both
nursing informatics and health information management systems. Kulhanek has served
as a contributing faculty member for the School of Nursing at Walden University since
2011, serves on the board of the American Nursing Informatics Association, and is a
frequent presenter at nursing informatics conferences throughout the country.

Contributing Authors xv
Susan Martin, RN, BSN, JD

Susan Martin is chief of the Security & Privacy Office at the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) Clinical Center (CC). As part of the senior leadership team in the Department
of Clinical Research Informatics, she is responsible for ensuring that the clinical infor-
mation systems, networked medical devices, and mobile technology supporting clini-
cal care and research are secure and compliant with the Federal Information Security
Management Act (FISMA) and the Privacy Act. Her interest in privacy law and the
protection of health information in clinical IT systems developed while implementing
a new electronic medical record system, a surgery and anesthesia information system,
a clinical barcode application, and two-factor authentication for access to networked
information systems at the Clinical Center. She serves on the NIH Privacy Incident
Response Team, reviewing security and privacy incidents involving sensitive informa-
tion. She is also a staff nurse at Suburban Hospital, a Johns Hopkins Health System af-
filiate hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. In this role, she is reminded of the informatics
professional’s delicate balance to improve the user interface with clinical IT systems and
provide timely access to the patient’s data in acute care settings while satisfying require-
ments for security.
Theresa (Tess) J. Settergren, MHA, MA, RN-BC

Theresa (Tess) Settergren is the director of nursing informatics in the Enterprise
Information Services department at Cedars-Sinai Health System in Los Angeles,
California. Tess directed several ambulatory electronic medical record implementations
for Cedars-Sinai, and helped to enable integrated enterprise workflows for computerized
physician order management at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Tess has more than 18
years of experience implementing and optimizing clinical systems and technologies. She
was director for more than 200 clinical applications, including the enterprise electronic
health record (EHR), in her position prior to Cedars-Sinai. Tess has been board certified
in Nursing Informatics since 1997.
Tess earned her MHA from University of Minnesota Carlson School of Business, and
her MA in Nursing (CNS) from the College of St. Scholastica. She was co-founder and
president of the MInnesota Nursing INformatics Group (MINING) from 2000–2007,
where Tess established an annual nursing informatics conference program featuring in-
ternationally recognized informaticists, and collaborated to launch the first and second
Minnesota T.I.G.E.R. conferences. She has served on boards of directors for Alliance for

xvi Mastering Informatics
Nursing Informatics, Center for Healthcare Innovation, Minnesota Epic User Group,
and Community Health Information Collaborative (Minnesota), and served on the
management committee for the Minnesota Center for Health Electronic Commerce.
Christy St. John, MSN, RN-BC

Christy St. John is the associate chief nursing informatics officer for the Bon Secours
Health System. Bon Secours is a large integrated health system with 14 acute care hos-
pitals, ambulatory practices, home health, and long-term care facilities across seven
states. She holds an MSN in Nursing Informatics from Walden University and a Nursing
diploma from Bon Secours School of Nursing. She is a board-certified informatics
nurse and a member of Sigma Theta Tau. Her experience includes bedside practice in
cardiopulmonary care, nursing leadership, and informatics leadership. Christy has led
multidisciplinary teams of health professionals in designing, promoting, and facilitating
evidence-based, patient-focused content within the EHR. She is an expert in all phases
of the clinical system development lifecycle, including design, build, test, train, imple-
ment, and evaluate. She has led and supported go-live efforts across the system at each
of the 14 acute care hospitals. Christy has presented at the national level on a variety of
topics related to informatics and nursing practice, including strategies for developing
evidence-based care plans and clinical pathways within the EHR and early recognition
of deterioration. Her focus over the last year has been elevating and integrating nurs-
ing practices and workflows within the EHR. Additionally, Christy continues to focus
on how technology and informatics can best support care delivery at each phase of the
patient’s journey.
Marcy Stoots, DNP, MS, RN-BC

Marcy Stoots has more than three decades of strategic and operational leadership ex-
perience in healthcare informatics and nursing. She has specific expertise in clinical
adoption and optimization of EHRs to promote evidence-based practice and improved
clinical outcomes. Stoots recently led the clinical adoption team through a successful
large-scale, multi-facility EHR implementation at BayCare Health System in Clearwater,
Florida. She received her MS in Nursing Informatics from the University of Maryland,
and is currently pursuing her DNP with a focus in nursing and clinical informatics
from Vanderbilt University. She is board certified in nursing informatics and a frequent
speaker at industry conferences.

Contributors xvii
Luann Whittenburg, PhD, RN-BC, FNP-BC, CPHQ, CPHIMS

Luann Whittenburg is the chief nursing informatics officer at Medicomp Systems,
Virginia. Luann is an RN and board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner who has au-
thored several chapters and publications on nursing informatics, data quality, metadata,
and terminology. Her healthcare informatics experience is in information operations
for large healthcare delivery systems. She is a United States delegate from the American
National Standards Institute to the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) Technical Committees on Health Informatics (TC215) and Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TC249). Luann is board certified by the ANCC in Nursing Informatics,
HIMSS health information management systems, and NAHQ healthcare quality.
Whittenburg volunteers with the Virginia Medical Reserve Corp and is a member
of the National Capital Area HIMSS Chapter, the American Nurses Association;
American Academy of Nurse Practitioners; and board member of the ICNP National
Scientific Advisory Board and the Clinical Care Classification System. She holds a PhD
from George Mason University; master’s of science in Nursing and a post-master’s cer-
tificate from Marymount University, Virginia; and bachelor of science in Nursing from
George Mason University; and is a member of Sigma Theta Tau, Epsilon Zeta Chapter.

Table of Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii
1 The Widening Field of Healthcare Informatics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 1
Introduction to Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
History of Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Growing Need for Informaticists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Various Informatics Domains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Nursing Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Clinical Informatics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pharmacy Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Dental Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Informatics in Other Disciplines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Healthcare Informatics Certifications for All Disciplines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Core Elements for All Informatics Disciplines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Planning and Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Design and Usability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Project Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Security and Privacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Clinical Decision Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Emerging Trends in Informatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2 Healthcare Informatics Planning and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Marcy Stoots, DNP, MS, RN-BC
Critical Success Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Vision and Guiding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Leadership Engagement and Executive Sponsorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Governance and Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Bidirectional Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
End-User Engagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Benefits Measurement and Value Realization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Workflow-Based Training and Ongoing Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Contents xix
Leading Practices: System Selection, Readiness, and Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

System Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Readiness Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Workflow, Workflow, and More Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Measuring Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Future Directions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3 Designing a Usable Healthcare Information System. . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Christy St. John, MSN, RN-BC
Assessing Usability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Applying Usability Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Simplicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Naturalness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Consistency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Minimizing Cognitive Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Efficient Interactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Forgiveness and Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Effective Use of Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Effective Information Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Preservation of Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Usability Testing for Your EHR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
4 Testing in the Healthcare Informatics Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Seth D. Carlson, BS
Testing in Clinical Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
The Phases of Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Unit Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Function Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Integration Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Performance Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
User Acceptance Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Regression Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
What Helps Testing Run Efficiently?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The Testing Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Identify the requirements to be tested, the key stakeholders, and the
business processes involved.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Identify the relevant types of testing to be performed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

xx Mastering Informatics
Engage your clinical users in the process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Identify key requirements (both functional and technical) to be tested.. . . . . . . 75
Identify key business processes/scenarios to be tested. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Define criteria on whether a test script passes or fails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Define how issues/bugs are identified, prioritized, and followed up on
with the developer and determine whether software will be used to
document each issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Define when you will know that testing is completed for a given phase . . . . . . 76
Create a testing timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Define reporting metrics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
How Much Testing Is Enough?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Applying the Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Testing Commercial Off-the-Shelf Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Testing Custom Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Testing Web-Based Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
What Software Tools Can Assist with Testing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Including the Underlying Architecture/Authentication Mechanisms
in Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Testing in the Cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Testing for Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
The Importance of Understanding Enterprise Architecture for Testing. . . . . . . . 85
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5 Delivering Healthcare Informatics Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 87

Brenda Kulhanek, PhD, MSN, MS, RN-BC, CPHIMS
Assessing Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Applying the Technology: Tools and Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
A Training Development Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Future Directions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Critical Training Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Cost-Effectiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Relevant Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Learner Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Using Learning Theory to Improve Acceptance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Contents xxi
Design to Increase Engagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Improving the Performance Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6 Healthcare System Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . 109

Susan M. Houston, MBA, RN-BC, PMP, CPHIMS, FHIMSS
Activation Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Plans and Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Activation Checklist and Rehearsals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
7 Maintaining and Optimizing a Healthcare

Information System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . 131
Theresa (Tess) J. Settergren, MHA, MA, RN-BC
System Maintenance Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Change and Configuration Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Downtime and Business Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Enhancement Request Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Goals of Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Resource Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
8 Conducting Quality Healthcare IT Outcome Evaluations:

Guidelines and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
The Healthcare IT Climate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Assessing Healthcare IT Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Steps, Tools, and Resources to Evaluate Healthcare IT Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Step 1: Determine What Will Be Evaluated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Step 2: Determine the Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Step 3: Conduct a Literature Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Step 4: Determine the Needed Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Step 5: Determine the Study Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Step 6: Determine the Data Collection Method and Sample Size . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Step 7: Collect, Analyze, and Display Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Step 8: Document Your Outcome Evaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

xxii Mastering Informatics

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
9 Essential Tools for Project Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . 181

Lisa Anne Bove, DNP, RN-BC
The Focus of Project Management: Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Project Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Phases of a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Applying Project Management Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Stakeholder Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Project Management Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Project Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Scope Management Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Work Breakdown Structure and Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Dashboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Status Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
10 Security and Privacy Concepts in Healthcare IT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Susan Martin, RN, BSN, JD
Protecting Medical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Network Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
System Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Application Administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Information Security Official. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Privacy Official . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Security and Privacy Regulatory Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Fair Credit Reporting Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Privacy Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Federal Information Security Management Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Basic Safeguards of IT Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Administrative Safeguards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Physical Safeguards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Technical Safeguards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
IT Security and Privacy Professionals Jargon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Recommended Best Practices and Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Contents xxiii
11 Healthcare Clinical Decision Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . 229

Lincoln S. Farnum, MS, RRT, CPHIMS
Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Uses and Types of CDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Usability Issues and CDS Frameworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
The Five Rights of CDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
The Ten Commandments of CDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Convene a CDS Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Specification Form for CDS Intervention Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Tasks Checklist for CDS Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
12 Use of Standard Terminologies in Healthcare IT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Luann Whittenburg, PhD, RN-BC, FNP-BC, CPHQ, CPHIMS
Amy K. Jacobs, MSN, RN-BC
HIRS Implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Structured Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Nursing Data Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Use of Standard Terminologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
American Nurses Association Committee for Nursing Practice Information
Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Clinical Care Classification System™. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
NANDA International. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Omaha System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Nursing Management Minimum Data Set (NMMDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Alternative Billing Codes (ABC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) . . . . . . 266
How to Incorporate Standard Terminologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
How to Incorporate the Nursing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Data Collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Data Tree Build. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Data Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Nursing Plan of Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Recommended Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

xxiv Mastering Informatics
13 Patient Safety and Healthcare IT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Institute of Medicine – Health IT and Patient Safety Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
ONCs Safety Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Health IT Safety Tools and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
AHRQ Guide to Reducing Unintended Consequences of Electronic Health
Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
AHRQ Common Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
AHRQ Hazard Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Institute for Safe Medication Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
SAFER Guides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
ECRI Institute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
CPOE Design Checklist and the Pick-list Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
14 Patient Engagement in Healthcare IT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . 317

Daniel Gracie, DNP, RN-BC
Melissa Barthold, MSN, RN-BC, CPHIMS, FHIMSS
Assessing Patient Engagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Provider Driving Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Health Consumer Driving Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Applying the Technology: Some Tools and Growing Evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Social Media, Healthcare, and Patient Engagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
The Future Is Now: Patient-Provided Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Wearable Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
PulsePoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Google Glass and CHaRM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
15 Informatics in Non-Acute Care Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . 341

Maria Arellano, MS, RN
Rick Gagnon, RN, FNP
Health Information Technology in Non-Acute Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Ambulatory Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Skilled Nursing and Long-Term Care Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Home Healthcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Contents xxv
Telehealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities . . . . . 353
LTPAC Provider Recommendations to the ONC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
LTPAC Industry-Led Initiatives and Priorities for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
16 Healthcare Analytics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . 361

Assessing Healthcare Analytics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Best Practices, Applications, and Resources for the Application of
Healthcare Analytics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Science of Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Data Visualization Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Data Visualization for Clinical Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Infographics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Big Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Recommended Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
17 Connected and Mobile Health’s Promise for the Triple Aim . . . . 379
Susan C. Hull, MSN, RN
Mobile Health Is a Disruptive Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Mobility Is a New Care Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
mHealth Enables Co-producing Individualized and Personalized Health . . . . 385
mHealth’s Potential to Impact the Triple Aim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Current Experience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Patient and Consumer Apps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Clinical Care and Coordination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Pilots, Interoperability, Clinical Trials, Research, and FDA Regulation. . . . . . . . 401
mHealth Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
A Global, Immersive, Invisible, Ambient Networked Sensing Environment . . . 404
Portable High Resolution Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Embedded Nanosensors with Signals to Smart Phones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
The Intelligent Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . 411

Foreword
In my era, none of us even thought about the possibility of nursing informatics as a
career option. Yet, as our careers progressed, we recognized the deficiencies in our
healthcare and educational systems and could envision possible technological solu-
tions. The process of making sense out of our data, translating that data into informa-
tion, and beginning to build knowledge bases for our practice seemed to have no limits
when new technologies emerged. I remember spending an entire week with Dr. Judith
Graves in 1999. She was determined that, before her retirement, she would pass along
her passion for data organization and knowledgebase building to those coming behind
her. We were just beginning to gather those tools that could help us, but we certainly
shared her passion!
As new nursing informaticists, we recognized along the way that we were in un-
charted territory. Not only did we need to seek recognition from the nursing profession
for this specialty, but we had to progress the science of nursing informatics at the same
time. Through successes and failures, we continued to seek new knowledge and varying
ways to support the informatics process in a variety of settings. We discovered a young-
er group of nurses who had no problem accepting the informatics challenge and taking
it on with renewed passion and interest.
These nurses weren’t afraid to accept the challenge of translating informatics to oth-
ers, particularly in relation to contributing to improved patient care. They were the
ones spending unmentionable hours at “go-lives” for their projects, or arguing daily
for improved user interfaces, or using new technologies for lifelong learning. The au-
thors and editors of this book are extraordinary examples of informaticists in the era I
describe. They have years of on-the-job experience, coupled with advanced education
that allows them to explore applications of informatics concepts in practical ways. This
book is their gift to the rest of us.
Those of us in educational informatics have often had a difficult time proving our
value when promoting the informatics agenda. I would argue that our best outcome
measurement would be the contributions of our graduates. I am honored to say that
both Patty Sengstack and Marcy Stoots have been my DNP advisees (both would have

Foreword xxvii
been a joy for any advisor). I first met Patty at a HIMSS conference, where she spent
45 minutes convincing me that the advanced degree she wanted to seek was a DNP
and not a PhD. Given that she was employed at that time at the NIH Clinical Center,
I wasn’t convinced that a research-oriented PhD wasn’t what she needed. I will never
forget the convincing argument she delivered—that spunky “ball of fire” who knew that
she could make a difference in nursing informatics and that the DNP was just the ap-
plied vision she needed to push her horizons. She was impatient to start on her agenda,
and as her advisor, I remember telling her that the committee appointments and
leadership positions she wanted would come in time. I have only met Charles Boicey
on a few American Nursing Informatics Association (ANIA) occasions, but he is well-
equipped to serve as coeditor on this book. Informatics has always been an active par-
ticipant in Big Data, even before the terminology was used.
As I acknowledged in my opening paragraphs, advancing the message of nursing

informatics is an ongoing battle. As a nursing informatics pioneer, I continue this battle
and dedicate my endowed chair funds to promote that agenda. One of our greatest
challenges has been simplifying our message about what nursing informatics is and
what added value it provides. Mastering Informatics provides a comprehensive testimo-
nial view to that agenda from a variety of authors who have been active players in many
settings. Its content represents more guideposts along the way to the never-ending
battle of helping nurses and the public better understand the contributions of nursing
informatics. For those of us considered pioneers in this specialty, it has been a long
journey! I hope you enjoy this book as much as I did, and I encourage you to congratu-
late all those in our next generation of nursing informatics.
–Betsy Weiner, PhD, RN-BC, FACMI, FAAN
Senior Associate Dean for Educational Informatics
Centennial Independence Foundation Professor of Nursing
Professor of Biomedical Informatics
Vanderbilt University

Introduction
Welcome to Mastering Informatics: A Healthcare Handbook for Success, written by a
team of professionals who are passionate about what they do—and it shows in the
chapters that follow. The authors are on the front lines performing the work they write
about, and they have the experience to know what works, what does not work, and
what to avoid while implementing evidence-based best practices. The science and
evidence surrounding the use of clinical systems is still relatively young but growing.
Informatics began within the lifetime of most of us currently working in the health-
care field, driven by the invention and implementation of the electronic health record
(EHR). In this book, the authors combine the available evidence with their experience
in order to disseminate best practices. Contained within these chapters are concepts
that lay the foundation for strong informatics practice, and content that covers several
emerging trends. The primary goals for this book are to:
• Provide readers with an understanding of the essential concepts of

informatics in the healthcare environment
• Provide readers with an understanding of emerging trends in healthcare

informatics
• Provide readers with resources, guidelines, ideas, and tools that can be
applied to current informatics practice
Although EHRs and clinical systems in general have been in existence for decades,
their use has been limited to the larger, more-affluent healthcare systems and aca-
demic medical institutions. With the signing of the Health Information Technology for
Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in 2009, however, EHRs have seen a sig-
nificant increase in adoption. Many organizations have already benefited from the CMS
incentive program and have received millions of dollars for the meaningful adoption
of these systems. With increasing adoption, the need for informatics resources has also
increased. Many nursing and clinical informaticists transitioned into their positions
from super-user roles during or after a system implementation. They proved themselves
during the process and found themselves enjoying the work. These informatics work-
ers possess “on the job” experience, but lack the applied science that exists in the field
of informatics. Informatics has evolved into a specialty that possesses a unique body of
knowledge backed by science, and this book provides an essential guide to surviving in

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Fea, James, of Clesterton, Jacobite leader in Orkney, 71 n.
Fergus, Mr., cipher name of the duke of Perth, q.v.
Ferguson, John, captain of the Furness, 87 n, 90 n, 228 n, 230 n,
244 and n, 248 n, 373 n.
Ferrindonall, 90.
Fielding, Henry, 173 n.
Findlater, James Ogilvie, earl of, 123 and n, 286, 307;
his house of Cullen plundered by rebels, 157, 208;
letter to, from his chamberlain, on the recruiting demands of lord
Lewis Gordon, 287 n;
appoints Grant sheriff-depute of Banffshire, 289 n.
Fisher, Mr., cipher name of prince Charles. See Stuart.
Fitzjames, the comte de, taken prisoner by the English, 151 n.
Fitzjames’s regiment, 151 and n, 152 and n, 178 n, 206, 227, 417.
Fleming’s regiment, 161-3 n, 417.
Fletcher, Andrew, lord justice-clerk, 50 and n, 340-1, 344-5 and n,
346-7, 349, 352-3, 358-9, 362-9, 370-1, 373-6;
issues warrant for the apprehension of the duke of Perth, 393;
letter from, to the commissioners of customs, 381;
letter from, to captain Coren, 394;
letters from, to Grossett, 385, 390, 392-6, 399;
letter to, from Grossett, 397.
Fleury, André Hercule de, cardinal, 4 and n, 14 n;
his death, 8, 9, 11, 12 and n, 21-3, 57.
Foothy (Foot O’ Dee), 115 and n.
Fochabers, 155, 207, 288.
Forbes of Blackford, 124.
—— of Brucehill, 121.
—— of Echt, 138;
taken prisoner by the rebels, 145.
—— of Inverernan, 114.
—— of New, 114.
—— of Scheves, 124, 138.
—— Alexander, lord Forbes of Pitsligo, 119 and n, 122, 151 n,
410.
—— sir Arthur, 124.
—— Duncan, of Culloden, 99 n, 104, 107 n, 109, 205, 227 n, 270,
280 and n, 283;
attempts to dissuade Lochiel from joining the rebellion, 95 and
n;
his offer of only one company to the Grants resented, 275;
his explanation satisfactory, 276;
described by captain Daniel, 206-7 and n.
—— George, of Skeleter, 113 and n, 152, 307.
—— James, lord, 123 and n.
—— Robert, printer, son of Forbes of New, 114 n.
Formartine, 124 and n, 131.
Fort Augustus, 206;
siege of, 182 n;
taken by the rebels, 313.
Fort George, taken by the rebels, 306 n.
Fortrose, Kenneth, lord, 75, 77, 91, 104 and n-5, 110, 205.
Fort William, siege of, 183 n.
Fouay. See Fuyia.
Foudline hill, 154.
Fowke, Thomas, brigadier-general, 340 and n, 341.
Fraser, brother to Inverallochy, 121.
—— Archibald Campbell, son of lord Lovat, 44 and n.
—— Charles, 4th lord, 98 n.
—— —— of Castle Fraser, 98 n.
—— —— of Inverallochy, 98 and n, 99 n.
—— James, of Foyers, 99 and n.
—— Simon. See Lovat, lord.
—— —— master of Lovat, 98 and n, 281 n, 282, 320-1.
—— Thomas, moderator of Abertarf presbytery, 316.
—— —— of Gortuleg, entertains prince Charles, 228 and n.
—— William, of Inverallochy, 98 n.
Frasers of Aird, 76 n.
—— of Lovat, at the battle of Falkirk, 409;
at Culloden, 417.
Frederick, king of Sweden, 22 n.
—— landgrave of Hesse, 22 n.
Freebairn, Robert, bishop of Edinburgh, 18 and n.
Fuyia, 245 and n, 253.
Garden, of Troup, 124.

Gardiner, colonel, 340.
Garrioch, 131.
Garstang, 168-9.
Garviemore, 216.
Geanies, 107 n.
—— lairds of. See Macleod.
Geohagan. See Gorogan.
Gibson, Herbert Mends, attorney, 166.
Gilchrist, James, minister at Thurso, 72 and n.
Glascoe, major Nicolas, 155 n, 208.
Glasgow, fined by the rebels, 191 and n.
—— regiment, 345 n, 350 and n, 351, 359 n;
at the battle of Falkirk, 372 n, 411, 413.
Glasterum. See Gordon.
Glenbucket, garrisoned, 161.
—— estate, 116.
—— laird of. See Gordon, John.
Glencoe, 86.
—— laird of. See Macdonald, Alexander.
Glenelg, 80.
Glengarry people are papists and notorious thieves, 88.
—— laird of. See Macdonald.
Glenkindy, laird of. See Leith.
Glenlivat, 91, 92, 274.
Glenmoriston, 89.
—— lairds of. See Grant.
Glennevis, 86.
Glen Quoich (Glenkuaak), 240.
Glenshiel or Muick, 76 and n, 77.
Gordon, major, 140.
—— of Aberlour, 136.
—— yr. of Ardoch, 107.
—— of Ardvach, 145.
—— of Avochy, 114, 128, 130, 136, 141, 143, 287.
—— of Birkenbush, 144, 288 n.
—— of Carnusy, 121.
—— of Cupbairdy, 121.
—— Mrs., of Cupbairdy, 157 and n.
—— of Glasterum, 121.
—— of Hallhead, 121.
—— of Mill of Kincardine, 121.
—— yr. of Logie, 121.
—— lady, of Park, 157.
—— Alexander, minister of Kintore, 141.
—— —— of Auchintoul, 25 and n.
—— lady Anne, 123 n.
—— Barbara, wife of Mackenzie of Fairburn, 100 n.
—— Catherine, duchess of, 209 and n.
—— Charles, of Blelack, 118, 129.
—— Christiana, wife of Gordon of Glenbucket, 113 n.
—— Cosmo, duke of, 86-7, 92, 123, 128 n, 131, 274 n, 284 n.
—— Henrietta, duchess of, 128 and n, 342.
—— Isabella, wife of George, earl of Cromartie, 95 n.
—— James, roman catholic bishop, 17 n.
—— John, of Glenbucket, 25 n, 103-4, 113 and n-116, 149, 152,
161, 274 and n, 307, 410.
—— lord Lewis, 92, 150;
joins the rebels, 102, 127 and n-128;
lord lieut. of Aberdeenshire, 128;
obtains recruits by threats, 129;
interview with lord John Drummond, 132;
issues his burning order, 134-5 and n;
at the battle of Inverury, 107, 140, 143-6, 178 and n;
letter from, to the laird of Grant on recruiting for prince Charles,
283-4;
his arbitrary conduct and insolence, 148;
letter from, to Grant of Achoynanie, making a demand for men
with accoutrements, 287 n;
letter from, to Grant, demanding to know what his intentions are,
291 n;
at the battle of Falkirk, 410.
—— Mirabel de, 182 n, 192 and n.
—— Patrick, of Achleuris, 25 n.
—— Theodore, moderator, 152.
—— Thomas, professor in King’s College, Aberdeen, 138.
—— sir Thomas, of Earlston, 43 and n.
—— sir William, of Invergordon, 95 n.
—— —— of Park, 121.
—— castle, 205, 290 n.
Gorogan, or Geohagan, captain, 171 and n.
Gortuleg, laird of. See Fraser, Thomas.
Grant, governor of Fort George, 273-4.
—— lieut., a prisoner with the rebels, 299 n.
—— Mrs., of Ballindalloch, 274.
—— of Daldeagan, 324.
—— of Glenmoriston, 322.
—— of Knockando, 103 n.
—— of Rothiemurchus, 276 n, 280 n.
—— Alex., of Corriemony, 299 n.
—— —— of Sheuglie, 279 n;
denies having had any correspondence with the Pretender’s
son, 323;
induces Grants of Glenmoriston to surrender, 324;
treacherously made prisoner at Inverness, 315, 325, 328;
admits that some of his children joined the Pretender against his
advice;
dies a prisoner, 326 n;
his petition to the duke of Newcastle, 329 and n.
—— —— of Tochineal, Findlater’s chamberlain, 289 n;
letter from, to lord Findlater on the demands on the estate by
lord Lewis Gordon, 287.
—— Allan, of Innerwick, 89 n.
—— sir Archibald, of Monymusk, 124, 138 and n.
—— George, of Culbin, governor of Inverness castle, 108 n, 109.
—— James, of Dell, 283.
—— —— of Sheugly, 315, 323;
after assisting Grant of Grant in obtaining surrenders he is made
prisoner by his orders, 325-30;
examination of, in London, 326;
denies any participation in the rising, 327-8;
his petition to the duke of Newcastle, 329;
to be admitted to bail and tried in Edinburgh, 331.
—— —— chamberlain of Strathspey, 299 and n, 302 and n.
—— sir James, of Grant, 108 n, 269, 306.
—— colonel James Alexander, master of ordnance to prince
Charles, 182 and n, 206.
—— Jean, wife of Forbes of Skeleter, 113 n.
—— John, chamberlain of Urquhart, 299 n, 319, 323;
threatening letter to, from Angus Macdonald, ordering him to
send men to join the rebel standard, 278;
letter to, from Grant of Grant, requiring the gentlemen of
Urquhart to remain peaceably at home, 278 n;
writes to Grant giving an account of his difficult position, 278 n;
letters from, to Grant, on the threat of the Macdonalds and on
the refusal of the Urquhart men to join the rebels, 281 n,
282.
—— —— minister at Urquhart, hardships endured because of his
loyalty, 313, 318;
his house attacked by Macdonalds;
mobbed for praying for king George, 314;
persecuted by the laird of Grant, 315-16, 330;
imprisoned in Inverness, 316, 328;
exonerated by Abertarf presbytery, 316;
removed to London, 317;
Abernethy presbytery bear witness to his loyalty, 317;
examined in London, 319;
declares that the laird of Grant had no objection to some of his
clan joining the rebels;
refuses offer of chaplaincy to the rebels, 320;
his life threatened, 321;
denies having ever aided the rebels, 322;
his petition to the duke of Newcastle, 329.
—— Ludovick, of Grant, 91-2, 153-4;
receives intelligence of the rising of the clans, 269-70;
informs Cope of his efforts against the rebels, 270-1;
sends men to guide Cope through the passes, 272;
Brodie of Brodie sends him a letter of remonstrance for not
assisting Cope, 272 and n, 274;
his conditional offer to help Cope;
sends men to drive Glenbucket from Strathaven, 274;
interview with Forbes of Culloden, 274-5;
accepts the lord president’s offer of a company, 275-6;
writes to the gentlemen of Urquhart, ordering them to remain
peaceably at home, 278 n;
the chamberlain of Urquhart gives him an account of his difficult
position, 279;
letter of instructions to the chamberlain, 279 n;
requested by the lord president to hold his men in readiness;
informs Loudoun of his anxiety to do all in his power for the
king’s service, 280 and n;
letters to, from his chamberlain on the Macdonalds threatening
to ravage the country in case of men not joining the rebels,
281 and n;
his tenants in Urquhart refuse to join the rebels, 281 n, 282;
marches with 600 men for Inverness, 282;
dismisses them on learning that no preparations had been
made, 283;
letter to, from lord Lewis Gordon, asking permission to recruit
among his people for prince Charles, 283 n;
frustrates lord Lewis’s schemes for raising men, 284;
appointed sheriff-depute of Banffshire, 289 n;
sends men to secure the Boat o’ Bridge, 289;
assists Macleod at Cullen, 291;
lord Lewis Gordon writes demanding to know what his intentions
are, 291;
his reply, 292-3 and n;
marches to Strathbogie, and issues his Declaration as to men
forced to join the rebels, 293 and n;
Loudoun and Deskford suggest that as he had no orders for
such an expedition, he should return to Strathspey, 294 and
n;
garrisons his house of Mulben, 295, 297 n;
letter to Elgin magistrates explaining why he cannot march to
their assistance, 296 n, 297;
letters to, from sir Harry Innes, on the need for protecting Elgin,
298 n;
writes to lord Loudoun expressing his desire to do everything
possible for the service of the government, 299 n, 300;
Loudoun’s reply, 301 and n;
on learning of the arrival of the rebels at Blair he again calls out
his men, 301-2 and n;
watches the movements of the rebels, and renews request for
arms, 304-5 n;
Loudoun is unable to comply, 305 n;
reproached by Murray of Broughton for aiding the rebels, 306;
joins the duke of Cumberland in Aberdeen, 307;
forms an advance guard to Strathspey, 308;
returns to Castle Grant;
his persecution of John Grant, minister of Urquhart, 315;
said to be playing double, 319-20, 327;
might have been of great service to the government if so
disposed, 322, 328;
after Culloden he obtains the surrender of the Grants of
Glenmoriston and Urquhart, 324;
his treachery towards the Grants of Sheugly, 325, 330-2;
his possible indiscretions the result of zeal for the weal of the
country, 309.
—— Patrick, moderator of Abernethy presbytery, 319.
—— Robert, adjutant in Loudoun’s regiment, 271.
—— —— son of Easter Duthill, 276.
—— Thomas, of Achoynanie, 286 and n;
letter to, from lord Lewis Gordon, demanding able-bodied men
for the rebels, 287 n.
—— William, yr. of Dellachapple, 276 n.
Grants surrender at Inverness, 322, 324, 328.
—— of Glenmoriston, 89 and n;
at Prestonpans, 407.
Grossett, Alexander, captain in Price’s regiment, killed at Culloden,
336 and n, 343, 401.
—— Walter, of Logie, collector of customs at Alloa, his narrative of
services performed, with an account of money disposed in the
service of the government during the rebellion, 333-76;
letters and orders from his correspondence, 377-99;
rebels plunder his house in Alloa, and drive off his cattle, 375-6,
402;
his narrative certified by the lord justice-clerk, etc., 375-6;
letter of instructions to masters of transports;
list of transports, 398;
report on his services by sir Everard Falconer and John Sharpe,
solicitor to the treasury, 400-2;
letter from, to the lord justice-clerk, 397;
letter to, from the commissioners of customs, 381;
letter to, from Robert Craigie, advocate general, 379;
letter to, from lieut.-general Handasyde, 379-80;
letter to, from captain Knight of the Happy Janet, 387;
letters to, from the lord justice-clerk, 385, 390, 392-3, 394-6,
399;
letters to, from general Guest, 383, 386, 388-9, 391;
letters to, from the earl of Home, 388, 391, 398.
Guest, Joshua, commander-in-chief in Scotland, 51 and n, 340,
345 n, 347-9, 352, 376;
letters from, to Walter Grossett, 383, 385-6, 388-9, 391;
letter from, to captain Knight of the Happy Janet, 389.
Halket, colonel, a prisoner with the rebels, 364.

—— John, schoolmaster in Prestonpans, 44 n.
Hallhead. See Gordon.
Halyburton, John, 132-3 and n.
Hamilton, bailie, in Kinghorn, 399.
—— duke of, 56.
—— governor of Carlisle, 193.
—— John, factor to the duke of Gordon, his insolent conduct in
Aberdeen, 118-19 and n.
Handasyde, lieut.-general Roger, 343, 345 and n, 346, 376;
letters from, to Walter Grossett, 379, 380.
Hanway, captain, of the Milford, captures the Louis XV. transport,
352 and n.
Harper, William, of Edinburgh, 11 n.
Harris, island of, 78.
Harrison, William, catholic priest, 221 and n.
Hartree, Peeblesshire, 52 and n.
Hawley, general Henry C., 99 n, 345 n, 353 and n, 358, 361-6,
394-5;
succeeds Cope, 409;
defeated at Falkirk, 194-6, 410-13;
letter from, to general Blakeney, 393.
Hay, yr. of Ranas, 121.
—— Alexander, of Drumelzier, 19 and n, 26.
—— John, of Restalrig, W.S., 49 n, 219, 223 and n.
—— Thomas, of Huntington, keeper of the signet, 49 and n.
—— William, brother of Drumelzier, 19 and n, 26.
—— —— captain, 25 n.
Henry, Mr., 368 and n.
Hessians, 184 and n, 206;
land at Leith, 305 n, 366, 395.
Higgins Nook, near Alloa, 383-4, 348-9, 354, 387, 389, 394.
Highland soldiers shot in the Tower for desertion, 42 and n.
Highlands, their deplorable condition previous to the rising, 38.
Home, John, author of Douglas, 198 n.
—— William, earl of, 345 n, 350 n, 351, 372 and n, 376;
letters from, to Grossett, 388, 391, 398.
Honeywood, general, defeated by the rebels at Clifton, 185-6 and
n.
Horn, of Westhall, 124, 132, 139, 146.
How, captain Thomas, of the Baltimore, 236.
Howard’s regiment, 418.
‘Humlys,’ 145 and n.
Hunter, of Polmood, death of, 51 and n.
—— Robert, of Burnside, 155 and n.
Huntly Lodge [formerly Sanstoun], 118 n.
Huske, John, major-general, 353-4, 359 and n, 361;
at Culloden, 417;
letter from, to Walter Grossett, 392.
Inglis, sir John, of Cramond, 50 and n.

Innes, sir Harry, of Innes, 290 and n, 295;
letter to Grant on the need for protecting Elgin, 298 n.
Inverallochy, 98 n, 99 n.
—— lairds of. See Fraser.
Inverernan, laird of. See Forbes.
Invergarry castle, 228.
Inverlaidnan, 305 and n.
Inverness pays indemnity to Keppoch, 88;
taken by the rebels, 306 and n.
—— castle, 105 n, 108;
besieged and taken by the rebels, 109.
Invershin pass, 110.
Inverurie, skirmish at, 142-6, 295, 298 n.
Irving, of Drum, 122.
James Francis Stuart. See Stuart.

Johnshaven, 115 and n.
Keith, 207-8, 287-8;

rebels surprise a party of Campbells at, 155-6.
—— George. See Marischal, earl.
—— James, field-marshal, 7 and n, 26, 31, 36.
—— Robert, bishop of Caithness and the Isles, 17 n, 20 and n, 39.
Kelly’s regiment, 149 and n.
Kendal, 184-5.
Kenmure, John, viscount, 25 n, 43, 52.
—— Robert, viscount, 25 n.
—— William, viscount, 25 n.
Ker, Henry, of Graden, 405;
at the battle of Culloden, 213 n.
—— lord Mark, killed at Culloden, 152 n, 161.
—— lord Robert, killed at Culloden, 336 n.
Kessock ferry, 108 and n.
Kilmarnock, earl of, at the battle of Culloden, 214.
Kilmarnock’s Horse, 151 n.
Kincraig. See Culcairn.
Kingairloch, 84-5.
Kingsburgh. See Macdonald, Alexander.
Kinloch Moidart, laird of. See Macdonald, Donald.
Kintail parish, 76 and n.
Kintore, John Keith, earl of, 120, 123 and n, 145-6.
Knight, John, captain of the Happy Janet, letter from, to Grossett,
387;
letter to, from general Guest, 389.
Knoydart people ‘all papists and mostly thieves,’ 81.
Larrey, captain, 171.

Lascelles, colonel Peregrine, 340 n.
Laurence, Robt., of the Speedwell, 398.
Law, George, nonjurant minister, 127 and n.
Lead mines of Strontian, 83 and n.
Legrand, Mr., collector of the customs at Leith, 346.
Leighton (Layton), colonel, 354 and n, 358.
Leith, of Freefield, 124, 147.
—— of Glenkindy, 114, 124.
Levy or militia money, 133-4.
Lewis, island of, acquired by the Mackenzies, 78.
Leys. See Burnett, sir Alex.
Liddel, John, in Haugh of Dalderse, 388.
Ligonier, Francis, colonel, 177 n.
—— sir John, 177 and n.
Ligonier’s regiment, 345 n, 349, 359 n, 410, 417.
Lining, Thomas, minister of Lesmahagow, 83 n.
Linlithgow, 359-60.
Lismore, 84.
Lochaber, 217, 396.
Loch Alsh, battle at, between Mackenzies and Macdonalds, 75
and n.
Locharkaig, 86.
Lochaskivay, 246.
Loch Boisdale, 248-9 n.
Loch Broom, 75, 96.
Loch Carron, 75, 77.
Loch Eynort (Lochynort), 250.
Loch Hourn or Hell Loch, 80.
Lochiel, 84, 86.
See Cameron, Donald.
Loch Maddy, 233.
Lochskiport, 253.
Loch Uskavagh (Lochisguiway), 260.
Lochynort, South Uist, 246.
Lockhart, major, taken prisoner at Falkirk, 199 and n.
Logie, merchant in Aberdeen, 138.
Long Island, 78 and n.
Lonmay. See Moir, William.
Loudoun, John Campbell, earl of, 104, 106-7, 109, 110, 134 and n,
162 n, 206, 271 n, 280 and n, 282-284, 298;
at the Rout of Moy, 101 n, 108 and n;
defeated by lord Lewis Gordon at Inverury, 143-6, 178 and n;
prevails upon Lovat to prevent his clan from rising, 289 n;
censures the laird of Grant for acting without orders, 294 and n;
letter to, from Grant, expressing his anxiety to do everything
possible for the government, 299 n-300;
Loudoun’s reply, 301 and n;
writes to Grant regretting he is unable to supply his men with
arms, 305 and n, 306.
Lovat, Simon Fraser, lord, 26, 41-2, 44 n, 45-6, 48, 82 n, 90 and n,
96, 106, 228 and n, 244 n, 279 n, 289 n.
Lumly, Mr., cipher name of lord Semple, q.v.
Lumsden, James, minister of Towey, 114.
Lundie house, Fife, 393.
Macaulay, Aulay, minister of Harris, 232 and n.

—— John, minister of South Uist, 232 and n, 234.
MacAulays of Kintail, 76 n.
Macbain, Alexander, minister of Inverness, his Memorial
concerning the Highlands, 69-92.
—— Gillise, of Dalmagarrie, major in lady Mackintosh’s regiment,
killed at Culloden, 101 and n.
Macbains join the rebels, 101.
M‘Cay. See Mackay.
MacCrimmon, Donald Ban, piper of Macleod, taken prisoner by
the rebels at Inverurie, 145 and n;
killed at the Rout of Moy, 108 n, 145 n.
M‘Culloch, Roderick, of Glastulich, 98 and n.
Macdonald, Mrs., suspected of being the prince in disguise, 263.
—— of the Isles, earl of Ross, 79.
—— of Moidart, 79.
—— of Morar, 81 and n.
—— Æneas, banker in Paris, 8 and n;
accompanies prince Charles to Scotland, 82 n;
note on, 83 n.
—— Alexander, of Boisdale, 242;
refuses to join the rebels, 83 n;
taken prisoner, 245 and n;
his house plundered, 249.
—— —— of Glencoe, 86 and n.
—— —— yr. of Glengarry, 66 n, 67, 132 n.
—— —— of Keppoch, 88 n.
—— —— of Kingsburgh, 263 and n;
his interview with the prince near Monkstat house, 264.
—— sir Alexander, of Sleat, 25 n, 35 and n, 38, 39 n, 45, 63 n, 79,
83 n, 104, 207, 227 n, 243 n, 250 n, 262 and n, 263, 324.
—— Allan, of Morar, 81 and n, 82 n.
—— —— son of Scotus, 81 n.
—— —— [MacDowell], chaplain with the rebel army, 228 and n,
230, 231 n, 233.
—— Angus, of Borradale, 229 and n, 231.
—— —— yr. of Glengarry, killed at the battle of Sgeir-na-Caillich
[1603], 75.
—— —— son of Glengarry, 97 n;
letter from, to the bailie of Urquhart, threatening to ravage the
country if men do not join his standard, 277-8;
accidentally killed at Falkirk, 277 and n, 302 n.
—— —— of Milltown, 259-60.
—— —— of Scotus, 81 and n.
—— —— [MacEachain], surgeon in Glengarry’s regiment, 229
and n.
—— Angusia, 279 n.
—— Archibald, of Barisdale [d. 1752], 96 and n.
—— —— [d. 1787], son of Coll, of Barisdale, 97 n.
—— Catherine, wife of Macleod of Bernera, 242 n.
—— Coll, of Barisdale, 74, 96 n, 100 n, 230, 240, 279 n, 281 n,
282, 320-1, 415;
sketch of his career, 96 and n.
—— —— [‘Coll of the Cows’], of Keppoch, defeats M‘Intosh at the
battle of Mulroy, 87 and n;
his people papists and thieves, 88.
—— Donald, 231-2.
—— —— son of Clanranald, 242 and n.
—— —— brother of Glencoe, 86 n.
—— —— brother of Keppoch, 278 and n.
—— —— of Kinloch Moidart, 82 and n;
hanged in Carlisle, 83 n.
—— —— of Scotus, at Culloden, 81 n.
—— —— of Tiendrish, 278 and n.
—— —— Roy, 233 n.
—— Dougall, of Clanranald, 81 n.
—— Flora, 229 n, 230 n, 233 n, 250, 256, 266;
her first meeting with prince Charles, 251;
dresses the prince to pass as her maid, 260;
accompanies him to Trotternish, 262;
informs lady Macdonald of the prince’s whereabouts, 263;
a prisoner in London, 373 n.
—— Hugh, of Armadale, 244, 249 and n.
—— —— of Baleshare, 233 n, 243 and n.
—— —— vicar-apostolic of the Highlands, 82 n, 90 n.
—— James, brother of Glencoe, 86 n.
—— —— brother of Kinloch-Moidart, 83 n.
—— John, boatman, 259, 260.
—— —— doctor, 83 n.
—— —— of Glengarry, 25 n, 38.
—— —— of Guidale, 82 n.
—— —— son of Morar, 82 n.
—— —— son of Scotus, 81 n.
—— colonel John Andrew, of Glenaladale, 229 n.
—— lady Margaret, of Sleat, 243 n, 250 and n.
—— [MacEachain], Neil, his narrative of the wanderings of prince
Charles in the Hebrides, 225-66.
—— Ranald, of Clanranald, 38, 79, 232, 237, 241.
—— lady, of Clanranald, 17 n, 20, 243 n, 246, 259, 260.
—— Ranald, yr. of Clanranald, 82 n, 230.
—— —— brother of Neil Maceachain, 238 and n.
—— —— of Kinloch-Moidart, 82 n.
—— —— brother of Kinloch-Moidart, 83 n.
—— —— son of Donald of Scotus, 81 n.
—— —— ‘Walpole,’ 253.
—— Rory, 231, 248, 259, 260.
Macdonalds lacking in loyalty to the throne, 79, 314;
defeated by Mackenzies at Sgeir-na-Caillich [1603], 75 and n;
at the battle of Prestonpans, 407;
many desertions during the retreat to the north, 302 n-304 n;
at the battle of Falkirk, 195, 409, 411;
at Culloden, 213, 239, 417.
—— of Barisdale, 81 and n.
—— of Kinloch Moidart, 81.
M‘Dougall, William, merchant in Edinburgh, 51 and n.
MacDowell, Allan. See Macdonald.
M‘Eachan, Alexander, of Domondrack, 229.
—— or Macdonald, Neil. See Macdonald.
MacEachan-Macdonald of Drimindarach, 229 n.
MacEachans of Howbeg, 229 n.
M‘Gill, commander, 369.
M‘Gillivray (M‘Ilivrae), Alexander, of Dunmaglas, 101 and n, 147.
MacGillivrays join the rebels, 101.
Macgregor, Gregor, of Glengyle, 415.
—— or Drummond, William, of Balhaldy, 3-6, 8, 9, 12, 14 and n,
15 and n, 17, 19, 22, 28-30 and n, 32 n, 33 n, 39, 45-8, 54,
57, 58, 60, 66.
Macgregors, 92;
at the battle of Prestonpans, 407;
at the battle of Falkirk, 409, 411;
ill-treat and plunder citizens of Aberdeen, 148.
Machany, Perthshire, 271 n.

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Mastering Informatics A Healthcare

Handbook for Success 1st Edition

Mastering Pharmacogenomics A Nurse s Handbook for

Mastering precepting : a nurse's handbook for success

TIME S NOW for Women Healthcare Leaders A Guide for the

Religions Culture and Healthcare a Practical Handbook

Test success test taking techniques for beginning

INFORMATICS EDUCATION IN HEALTHCARE lessons learned

An Introduction to Healthcare Informatics: Building

Handbook of Healthcare Analytics. 1st Edition Dai

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Patricia P. Sengstack, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS

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Sigma Theta Tau International

First Printing, 2015

Publisher: Dustin Sullivan Principal Book Editor: Carla Hall

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–Patricia Pumroy Sengstack, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS

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–Patricia P. Sengstack, DNP, RN-BC, CPHIMS

–Charles M. Boicey, MS, RN-BC, PMP, CLNC, CPHIMS

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What Does This Mean for You?

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Charles M. Boicey, MS, RN-BC, PMP, CLNC, CPHIMS

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Arellano received her nursing degree from Arapahoe Community College, a BS

Melissa Barthold, MSN, RN-BC, CPHIMS, FHIMSS

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Lisa Anne Bove, DNP, RN-BC

Lincoln S. Farnum, MS, RRT, CPHIMS

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Rick Gagnon, RN, FNP

Daniel Gracie, DNP, RN-BC

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As a board member of the American Nursing Informatics Association, Gracie has

Susan M. Houston, MBA, RN-BC, PMP, CPHIMS, FHIMSS

Susan C. Hull, MSN, RN

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Amy K. Jacobs, MSN, RN-BC

Brenda Kulhanek, PhD, MSN, MS, RN-BC, CPHIMS

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Susan Martin, RN, BSN, JD

Theresa (Tess) J. Settergren, MHA, MA, RN-BC

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Luann Whittenburg, PhD, RN-BC, FNP-BC, CPHQ, CPHIMS

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2 Healthcare Informatics Planning and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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Leading Practices: System Selection, Readiness, and Workflow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3 Designing a Usable Healthcare Information System. . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4 Testing in the Healthcare Informatics Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

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Engage your clinical users in the process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

5 Delivering Healthcare Informatics Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .å°“ . . 87