Ipure Hfuf O&m Manual

Unit Operating &
Maintenance Manual
Proudly Manufactured By:

Pure H2O Technologies, Inc.
211 Warren Street, Suite 318
Newark, NJ 07103
Phone: 973-622-0440
Fax: 973-859-7889
Web site: www.ipureh2o.com
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Operating/Maintenance Manual
IPURE Membrane Systems (HFUF Units) May/5/07
Standard Operating and Maintenance Instructions Revision 12
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Table Of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................................2
2.0 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ..............................................................................................................................2
3.0 FEED WATER....................................................................................................................................................................3
4.0 START-UP..........................................................................................................................................................................4
5.0 GENERAL OPERATION .................................................................................................................................................5
6.0 CLEANING AND FLUSHING.........................................................................................................................................6
7.0 MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................................................7
8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................................................................................................................12
9.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ................................................................................................................................................13

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Congratulations on your purchase of the simplest and most reliable water purification
system available today. The attached O&M Manual will explain how to install, setup, run
and maintain your new equipment. We recommend that you read, understand and
carefully follow all of the instructions contained in this manal to insure that your unit
provides optimal performance and service life. Again, on behalf of everyone in the
IPURE® organization; thank you for your support.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Information and Principles of OperationError! Bookmark not defined.
Your unit is a durable piece of equipment, which with proper care will last for many years. The following manual gives specific operating and
maintenance details vital to the sustained performance of the machine.
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The IPURE ultrafiltration (UF) technology uses membranes to provide a physical barrier to large dissolved molecules, colloids, organic and
suspended impurities; producing a high quality water stream. UF membranes are NOT designed to remove ions or other elemental forms such
as hardness, heavy metals or small molecular weight organics.
Membrane Units: Feed water is purified through the ultrafiltration membrane (hollow fiber or spiral wound), which separates the water into two
streams by collecting fluids from both sides of pressurized membranes. Semi-permeable membranes, under sufficient effective pressure, allow
passage of purified water while rejecting and concentrating suspended solids, high molecular weight compounds and organic materials. The
membrane module consists of the element housing and membranes and collects the purified water within a central tube (permeate tube).
Some operating definitions are in order to further understand your machine:

• Permeate Flow Rate (Product Water Rate) - equals the flow rate of purified water that has passed through the membrane; expressed in
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gal/min (gpm) or gal/hr (gph). Specified permeate rates are typically at 77 F.
• Concentrate Rate (Waste Water Rate) - equals flow rate of rejected water to drain in gpm or gph
• Feed Rate - equals flow rate of incoming water in gpm or gph. Feed water rate equals permeate rate plus concentrate rate.
• Recycle Rate - equals flow rate of concentrated water recirculated to the inlet of the machine.
• Total Flow Rate - equals the summation of the feed rate and recycle rate.
• Recovery - equals permeate rate divided by feed rate and is expressed as percent. For example, 75% recovery means that out of a
given feed rate, 75% is separated as purified water (permeate) and 25% is rejected as waste.
• Concentration - equals the Suspended Solids or organic concentration of a solution.
1.2 Flow Description

Refer to the flow diagram provided with these instructions for specific machine details. Feed water entering the unit may pass through a
series of pre-treatment modules designed to condition the water supply prior to membrane unit processing. Pre-treatment may include: a pre-
filter module to remove bulk suspended solids, a cartridge or granular de-chlorination module to remove chlorine and organic compounds and
a UV sterilization/TOC reduction module to destroy bacteria and organic compounds. DO NOT operate the unit unless ALL required
pretreatment components are installed and operational.
Membrane Units: Pre-filtered, conditioned water flows to the inlet control valve. This valve is wired to the unit control device and opens when
the unit is turned on allowing water to flow to the inlet manifold. When the machine is turned off, the valve closes preventing laminar flow
through the unit. The inlet manifold feeds water to the membrane housings in series or in a parallel configuration, depending upon the design
flow rates. The water is separated by the membrane within the housing and leaves the membrane housings in two streams, as permeate and
concentrate. Permeate from each membrane housing is collected at the permeate manifold, and directed to the pure water machine outlet.
The concentrate from the membrane leaves each membrane housing and flows to the concentrate header assembly. This concentrated water
may then be divided into the recycle and concentrate streams. The recycle portion mixes with the feed water by returning to the inlet manifold
allowing higher machine recovery while still maintaining adequate crossflow through the membranes. The concentrate rate controls the
recovery of the machine and the operating pressure. The concentrate is measured by a flow meter and flows to the drain outlet point of the
machine. Some units also have a control valve in the concentrate plumbing which is operated by the unit control device. This valve is opened
at predetermined intervals to allow a high flow of water to purge the membrane surfaces and prevent bacteria growth within the unit. The
membranes may also be operated in a “dead end” configuration, whereby the concentrate outlet remains closed during normal unit operation
and each membrane (or bank of membranes) is periodically back flushed with permeate water (and/or cleaning chemicals) to remove
accumulated material on the membrane surface.
2.0 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 Mounting
All units are frame-mounted for ease of installation and movement to the job site. It is best to leave about 50 inches or more of free space
above the unit to facilitate the easy removal of the membranes or pumps when they require replacement or service. In addition, it is
recommended that a minimum clear spacing of 42” to 48” around the perimeter of the unit be provided to facilitate operation and standard
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maintenance required. The machine must be leveled to within 1/32 of an inch and evenly supported and anchored at load bearing
points. Reference the general dimensional drawing for skid size and connection points. The operating environment must be clean, dry and
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maintained within a temperature range of 55 F to 95 F. Excessive environmental temperature could affect the performance of the control
system and require supplemental cooling for correct operation. All local, state and federal codes must be adhered to when installing this
equipment.
2.2 Plumbing and Pneumatic Air Connections

The feed water source is plumbed to the inlet using a mechanical pipe connection. See individual unit specification sheets for inlet and outlet
pipe sizes and connection type. It is advisable to install a shutoff valve on the inlet line prior to the machine as well as on the concentrate and
permeate lines. Tees should also be installed on the feed, concentrate and permeate lines prior to the shutoff valves for cleaning purposes.
During cleaning these tees can be used to recycle solution to the cleaning (CIP) tank. NEVER run the machine with all of the valves on the
feed, concentrate or permeate lines closed. Any feed water must meet the minimum quality parameters as published in the unit specification
sheets and should be verified prior to unit operation.
The system may require a source of clean, dry, oil-free air at a minimum pressure of 90 psig. The air should be connected to the air inlet
connection on the control panel. All air operated valves on the unit are controlled by individual 3-way solenoid valves, which require air
pressure in excess of the feed water pressure for successful operation.
The concentrate (drain) outlet is where the rejected concentrate leaves the machine. Concentrate must be plumbed an open drain with
NO back pressure permitted. There is a maximum length restriction of 20-ft on the concentrate line. In order to avoid drainage of water from
the machine during non-operation, it is suggested that the concentrate line be run up to a height equal to the height of the top of the machine
and then discharged into a standpipe. A siphon-break must be used if the line will discharge into a floor drain.
The permeate outlet is where the purified water leaves the machine. The piping material used to transport the pure water to the point of use
should be plastic or stainless steel to reduce the chance of contamination of the purified water. A maximum back pressure of 5 psig is
permitted at the permeate outlet connection.
2.3 Electrical
The power connection must be wired to the control enclosure (optional electrical plug connection may also be provided on the unit). A
separate electrical disconnect for the power should be provided in conformance with all N.E.C. codes before connection to the control panel.
Single phase control power; if required, must also be wired to the control enclosure. Interconnection power and control circuit cables may have
to be connected between the machine and other unit. Refer to the electrical ladder diagrams for terminal locations. The pump motor(s) for this
machine (if provided) is wired permanently into a motor starter, switches and thermal overloads. After power has been connected, be sure that
the motor is rotating in the correct direction. Refer to Pump Instructions for details. NOTE: Improper rotation or operation without water may
cause permanent pump damage. The main control panel has been provided with an electrical grounding terminal WHICH MUST BE
CONNECTED TO AN N.E.C. APPROVED EARTH GROUND POINT. Failure to provide proper electrical grounding can result in serious
operator injury and voids all system warrantees.
3.0 FEED WATER

Most UF purification systems will operate best and for the longest time on filtered water with minimal organic/microbial contamination. You
should know and understand the chemistry of your water and you should be certain that you know and understand the maximum recovery and
pH under which the machine can be operated.
Each application should be evaluated and have specific recommendations made which must be followed to assure continuity of the membrane
guarantee. Remember that water quality can change dramatically throughout the year. Under no circumstances should a machine be operated
for extended periods without routine testing to confirm that the water chemistry under which the machine operating conditions were established
has not changed. Significant changes in water chemistry should be reported for review of the unit operating parameters.
3.1 The feed water must:

3.1.1 Be filtered and free of large suspended solids and materials, which will plug the UF hollow fibers. Pre-filter modules may be
provided to remove large suspended particles. NEVER operate the unit without the recommended pre-filtration.
3.1.2 Be chlorinated continuously at no less than 0.2-ppm free chlorine OR the machine should be flushed with approved biocide at
each cleaning cycle or each time the machine is shutdown for more than 96 hours, whichever occurs first. Some machines may
have optional inlet feed treatment modules, which allow for a non-chlorinated supply to be used without the above required biocide
treatment.
3.1.3 Meet all the requirements listed under the feed water requirements data sheet for the particular unit.
3.2 Precipitation and Recovery

Material must not precipitate in the machine or membranes. Be certain all components are soluble at the concentrations in the machine.
Remember that a machine operating at 75% recovery concentrates nearly all impurities four times. At 90% recovery, impurities are
concentrated 10 times, and at 95% recovery, impurities are concentrated 20 times. If you have high levels of a slightly soluble material such as
CaS04, silica or colloidal clay, which may be in the water, you should use an approved dispersing agent. This can be added to a second tank
supplied for dispersing feed chemicals.
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4.0 START-UP
4.1 Insure that all mechanical and electrical utilities are correctly connected to the machine and that the feed water piping has been completely
flushed and cleaned of all debris. At least 90-psig dry (-40 dew point), filtered, compressed air may be required for the machine to operate
properly. Correctly sized fuses or circuit breakers must be provided on the main voltage feed. It is recommended that an OSHA approved
lockable disconnect switch be provided on the main electrical supply to the control panel.
Install all loose components shipped separate including; pre-filter elements, UV bulbs and filter cartridge elements provided with the unit.
Assemble and connect any chemical treatment systems provided or required for proper machine operation. Insure that all pretreatment
components are functioning correctly and that the feed water provided to the unit is within required operational specification. DO NOT
ATTEMPT to operate any equipment with feed water that does not meet the required operational specification.
Turn the feed water valve full open and make sure that any manual inlet valves, permeate, and concentrate outlet valves are completely open,
and that all CIP valves (if provided) are closed. Check for system leaks, which may have developed during shipping.
Check rotation on all pumps by “bumping” the motor contact circuit.
4.2 Each machine is fully tested at the factory and then sealed with a preservative solution for shipping. While this solution is compatible for
disposal in most sanitary waste systems, IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED THAT THIS COMPATABILITY BE CONFIRMED PRIOR TO
MACHINE STARTUP. It is the owner’s responsibility to confirm that any waste disposal system connected to is capable of handling
not only the preservative solution but also any waste streams discharged by the machine.
4.3 Turn the POWER switch at the local disconnect to the "ON" position. Test the power terminal connections on the machine to insure that
correct power is being applied continuously at the required operating parameters.
4.4 Enter all of the required operational parameters into the unit controller. (Note: See the EZi-UF controller operating manual for specific
instruction on controller setup and operation). For units provided with manual control no operator input is required. Manual operation of the
individual valves is required to initiate each operational sequence.
4.5 Using the control interface (or by manually opening/closing operating valves) engage the machine into the forward flush mode to rinse out
all of the preservative solution. Be sure rotation of pump motor(s) is correct. If the pump is not running in the correct direction, change any two
of the three-phase leads at the disconnect/breaker terminals. The pump will delay 5 to 120 seconds before starting after switching to any
operational mode. Confirmation of the unit-operating mode will always be displayed on operator interface.
CAUTION: Incorrect rotation of the pump motor or running the pump dry may cause permanent damage.
4.6 Allow the machine to run in forward flush mode for 15 minutes, discarding all fluids.
4.7 The machine may register an alarm condition(s) briefly when starting, but should clear automatically within 5 to 15 seconds as the
pressures and flow rates stabilize. If an alarm condition persists for 15 - 30 seconds or more, the machine will shut down. When an alarm
shutdown occurs, check which alarm caused the problem indicated by the operator interface panel and correct the situation. The machine may
then be restarted.
4.8 While in the forward flush mode check operating pressures, temperatures and flow rates and compare to original factory test data included
with this manual. Make sure that operating conditions DO NOT exceeded membrane limits. Continue flushing the unit until all preservative has
been rinsed out of the unit.
4.9 Upon completing system flushing reset the machine into an offline mode (close all valves in manual operation). Check the entire unit for
any leaks and tighten. Interconnect the level control system or unit start/stop interlock (if provided with the unit); insuring that the level system
has been calibrated for the storage vessel. Make sure that the level interlock(s) (if provided) is engaged at low and high levels of the storage
vessel or that the start/stop interlock(s) is engaged with other equipment operation. This will insure correct operation once the unit is placed in
the automatic mode.
4.10 Engage the unit into the automatic SERVICE mode (open the service valves in the manual mode). The automatic service mode will cycle
the unit based on the high/low level interlock or start/stop interlock provided with the unit. Check to be sure water is flowing through the
permeate flow meter after the unit has completed the startup cycle. Discard the first 1000 gallons of permeate to be certain that all of the
preservative solution has been removed from the machine.
4.11 Check all equipment-operating settings and compare to original factory test data included with this manual. The operator is responsible
for monitoring and setting the proper recovery and operating parameters. Operation over the specified recovery may result in precipitation of
insoluble materials. For units operated in “dead end” mode, make sure that trans-membrane pressure limitations are not exceeded and that
flux rates are below the membrane limitations. Adjust the feed flow rate to the unit as required to meet the desired operating conditions
4.12 Monitor the operation of the unit paying particular attention to the trans-membrane pressures. Once the unit has reached 50% of the
recommended pressure differential (10 PSID) the unit should be placed into a backwash cycle. This cycle interval should be entered into the
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automatic backwash timer (if provided) or should be used as a maximum interval between manual backwash cycles. Adjust the individual
operating parameters and cycle times of each backwash step as necessary to provide for a complete cleaning of the membrane. Continue to
monitor the operation of the unit and adjust the backwash cycle interval as required due to variant feed water conditions (NEVER allow the unit
to exceed the recommended pressure differential). Membrane cleaning (CIP) is required when trans-membrane pressures exceeds 20 PSID.
See technical service bulletin TSB140.02 or section 6 of this manual for detailed cleaning instructions.
4.13 Your unit has been successfully started. Place the unit into the automatic or manual modes depending on the operating condition
required. Remember to recorder the operating parameters for the system daily to insure that the system is functioning correctly. Adjustments
to operating parameters will be required as feed water conditions vary.
5.0 GENERAL OPERATION

Note: Not all pre-treatment components listed below may be provided. General information on all typical components has been provided for reference.
5.1 Booster Pump

The standard pump for this machine is listed in the specification sheet. Refer to the enclosed pump instruction manual for details. DO NOT
operate the booster pump at pressures or flows which exceed the limitations of the UF membranes.
NOTE: The seals and bearings for this pump are special, and standard commercial parts should not be used for replacement. See spare parts
list for ordering information.
5.2 Inlet Pre-filter Module

The pre-filter module is installed to protect the unit from particles and suspended solids that may be in the feed water. These cartridges must
be installed prior to startup. The cartridge must be replaced periodically to be sure that a sufficient supply of water is available to the pump.
Failure to change the cartridges may cause suspended particles to enter the membranes and reduce the performance of your machine. The
cartridges are to be replaced when the pressure drop increases by 8-10 psid over the pressure differential of a clean cartridge or when the
machine signals that the elements require replacement.
IMPORTANT: The machine must not be operated on non-filtered water, as it will void warranty. Do not wash cartridges, as it will void warranty.
5.3 Membranes (MF, UF)

Membrane machines are designed to operate at a specified pressure and temperature. The system pressure gauges monitor supply pressure
to the unit membranes as well as permeate and concentrate pressures. The machine operator must set the proper recovery by adjusting the
concentrate valve and the recycle valve (if provided) if the total flow requirements are not met. The unit flow rates are shown on the flow
indicators (if provided).
The concentrate flow rate has been preset and minor adjustments are required if the permeate flow increases. The recovery is the ratio of the
permeate flow to the feed water flow. The design recovery of this machine is based on the permeate flow. Percent recovery = permeate rate
divided by feed rate x 100. For example, a 75% recovery system will have 25% of the feed rate as concentrate. The machine must not be
operated at recoveries higher than those specified in this manual. If the quality of the feed water changes substantially please contact a factory
representative so that these new operating conditions may be reviewed.
CAUTION: The pressure in the permeate line must never exceed feed water pressure. Check valves may have been installed in the machine
to limit any backflow into the membranes and to allow each membrane housing to be checked independently for permeate rate and quality.
Permeate sampling valves may also be installed on each membrane housing. A permeate high pressure switch may be installed in the
permeate line and wired to shut down the system immediately if the permeate pressure exceeds a preset limit. See specification sheet for
setting.
If during operation the permeate rate or the total flow decreases significantly, then one should flush or clean the unit as described in "Flushing
and Cleaning." If after flushing and cleaning, the machine is still operating incorrectly:
5.3.1 Check the pre-filter cartridges to be sure they are not plugged with sediment.
5.3.2 Check to be sure there are no fuses blown and that the pump is getting sufficient electrical power. If no power is going to the
motor, check control circuit for proper connections.
5.3.3 Check the rotation of pump (see Pump Instructions).
5.3.4 Check the total flow rate to be sure it is equal to the specified rate for the unit. Compare the total flow rate to the pump curve to
verify operating pressure. The inlet pressure of the machine is additive to the pump pressure obtained from the curve.
5.3.5 Check to insure that an alarm condition does not exist. The high temperature, low inlet pressure, pump failure, or high
permeate pressure switch may have shut down the unit. Thermal cutout is set at 95 °F (35°C). The pressure switches are preset at
the factory; see specification sheets for set points. Low inlet pressure may indicate that the pre-filter cartridges should be changed. If
the machine has shut down due to low pressure or high temperature, it can be restarted by pushing the RESET button on the
operator interface. The permeate high pressure switch is set at a preset pressure. This condition causes immediate shutdown. If the
machine shuts down on high pressure, the pressure must be relieved to restart the machine.
5.3.6 Check the feed water shut-off valve (diaphragm and/or solenoid) to be sure it is operating correctly. The feed water shut-off is
to be closed at all times except when the control circuit is energized. The machine does have a time delay that allows the solenoid to
open five to one hundred twenty seconds prior to the energizing of the booster pump. It is of utmost importance that the feed water
shut-off valve never allows water to flow into the machine except during actual operation.
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5.3.7 If pump will not start, check electrical circuitry, including motor starters, fuses, and overload heaters.
5.4 Backwash Pump

The standard pump for this machine is listed in the specification sheet. Refer to the enclosed pump instruction manual for details. DO NOT
operate the backwash pump at pressures or flows which exceed the limitations of the UF membranes.
NOTE: The seals and bearings for this pump are special, and standard commercial parts should not be used for replacement. See spare parts
list for ordering information.
5.5 Troubleshooting Poor Rejection

Membranes: When a unit has consistent poor outlet quality it may be that one (or several) fiber(s) has lost integrity (ruptured). It is possible to
repair the membrane and return integrity to the module. See technical service bulletin TSB134.02 for a detailed testing and repair procedure.
DO NOT operate a HF module that has a ruptured fiber as there is a considerable risk of damaging other fibers in the module.
5.6 High Concentrate Flow

Should the concentrate flow measured at the concentrate outlet not match the flow meter reading, it may be caused by:
5.6.1 The CIP connection (valve) is open. Check to be sure that this connection is fully closed.
5.6.2 The high flush valve is not seating properly. Check the solenoid valve to ensure that it is functioning correctly and is providing
adequate air pressure to the actuator. Check the valve seats for wear and replace if required.
5.7 Membrane Replacement

As time progresses, the efficiency of the membranes will be reduced. The permeate or pure water rate will begin to decline slightly after 1-2
years of operation but can be extended with diligent flushing and cleaning of the machine. High pH feeds and/or precipitation may cause
premature loss of rejection. A cleaning cycle with a recommended detergent will often restore the lost permeate rate and revitalize the
membrane. For organic coatings on the membrane, the detergent can be flushed through the machine to restore permeate rate. The detergent
is especially good for tap water borne organics. For protein and special coatings contact the membrane manufacture for special enzyme
cleaners. For oil coatings or fouling due to suspended solids, contact the factory for approved dispersants or NP-20 surfactant.
5.8 Daily Loq Sheet

A daily log sheet should be kept which includes general operating conditions (pressures, flows, concentrations, and pH) and routine or special
maintenance (cartridge changes, flushing, cleaning, etc.). A copy of this log sheet may be required if a warranty question arises and will
certainly be beneficial in troubleshooting and problems that may be encountered.
5.9 Operating Controls

The controls for the machine are 24 VDC or 120 VAC. If low voltage type; a transformer is supplied to convert the main supply voltage to the
24-volt control circuit. Once the machine control parameters have been successfully established very little operator intervention is required for
correct machine operation.
5.9.1 Seasonal variations in inlet feed water quality may necessitate operational parameters for the machine be adjusted.
5.9.2 Seasonal variations in inlet feed water temperature may necessitate that the machine operating parameters for flow and
pressure be adjusted. It is recommended that adjustments be implemented using the procedures outlined in section 4.11-12 above
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anytime the inlet feed water temperature changes by +/- 10 F.
5.9.3 The control package may include numerous alarms such as high inlet water temperature, low inlet pressure, high permeate
pressure, pressure pump failure poor outlet water quality and low concentrate flow. If any alarm condition occurs and shuts down the
machine; correct the deficient condition and then restart the machine using the operator interface device.
6.0 CLEANING AND FLUSHING

6.1 Flushing (Membrane Units Only)
On most water applications, it has been found that a forward flush of the membranes will improve operation of the unit. Such a flush is simply
an increase of the velocity over the membranes to remove sediment from the surface of the membranes. On foulants that are quite gelatinous
and adhere to the surface of the membrane, flushing has little effect. On those foulants that are discreet, particulate material and are not
adhering to the membrane, flushing may often suffice as the only method of cleaning. Flushing should be performed at regular defined
intervals and after extended periods of no system usage.
To operate a manual flush:
6.1.1 Open the inlet and concentrate (drain) valves to achieve the specified flow rate. (Refer to specification sheet).
6.1.2 Allow the machine to run at this flow for about 1-5 minutes.
6.1.3 Adjust the concentrate valve to reset the proper recovery rate as discussed in Section 5.3. Be sure to check flow meters
carefully.
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6.1.4 System is ready to operate.

CAUTION: Do not flush machine with more than the maximum concentrate flow specified through the concentrate flow meters or
damage may occur to the membranes and/or the booster pump and flow meters. Warranty may be voided.
Machines may be equipped with an auto flush system, which eliminates the need to perform the above manual flushing procedure.
6.2 Cleaning (Membrane)

Cleaning of the machine is vital because foulants can build up on the membrane surfaces reducing the permeate flow rate and affecting the
quality of the permeate. A precipitated layer left on the membrane may cause permanent chemical damage and reduce membrane life.
Observation of a decrease in either permeate flow rate or an increased pressure drop across the membrane will indicate when cleaning is
required. Cleaning may be required as often as once every hour or as infrequently as every six months, depending upon the local water supply
conditions. It is suggested that cleaning of the unit occur at least every three months to insure good system performance and long membrane
life. Specific cleaning and sanitization procedures for the units are included in technical service bulletin TSB136.02 and should be followed
carefully. Included below are the general cleaning procedures used for any cleaning and/or sanitization performed on the unit.
6.2.1 The detergent, cleaning or sanitizing agent should be mixed in a container and flushed through the machine. The final
concentration of detergent, cleaning or sanitizing agent should be as per the procedural instructions included in this manual.
6.2.2 Close the feed water inlet valve and open the CIP inlet valve. The permeate and concentrate streams must be diverted to the
cleaning tank for recirculation. The permeate outlet valve to the point of use must be closed during cleaning.
6.2.3 Engage the unit CIP mode. This mode may automatically open/close any remote valves in the system to the correct position
for the cleaning cycle. If this option has not been not provide on the unit; manually open the correct cleaning valves and close all
supply valves. Check to be sure that all the correct manual valves have been opened or closed to insure that the cleaning and/or
sanitization solution is directed to the correct module. Re-circulate the cleaning solution at the correct rate and pressure shown on
the unit specification sheet. The cleaning solution should be recycled for approximately 45 minutes or until the solution temperature
reaches 85°F (29°C). If heat rise occurs too quickly, larger volumes of cleaning solution will slow the temperature rise or a heat
exchanger may be used. Turn the machine off and allow it to soak for the required time.
CAUTION: Do not leave cleaning strength solution in machine for a period longer than one hour. The pH of the cleaning solution
may damage the membranes and the machine during an extended period of contact.
6.2.4 To flush the detergent from the machine, close the CIP inlet valve, open the feed water valve, and divert the permeate and
concentrate to drain. Engage the forward flush mode. Operate the machine as described in the flushing section for at least 1 hour.
Test the permeate for residual cleaning solution in order to determine the membrane is sufficiently flushed before returning to
service.
6.3 Cleaning for Extended Shutdowns

For shutdown periods longer than 72 hours, clean the machine with approved cleaner as above, then flush and store the machine with the
recommended biocide. Contact the factory for specific long-term storage instructions.
7.0 MAINTENANCE
While the unit does not require a great deal of routine or periodic servicing, certain maintenance procedures are required to guarantee
continued satisfactory operation. Listed in this section are components that may be used with this system and the general inspection and
maintenance procedures to be adhered to.
NOTE: Because of the complexity of many of the instruments and mechanical components used with this system, no attempt is made here to
give specific instructions for maintenance or repairs of these components. The purpose of this section is to alert operators and maintenance
workers of general areas where maintenance is required.
If an approved plant-maintenance schedule exists and is followed regularly, such a schedule may be used as a substitute for many of the
maintenance procedures given in the vendor literature. ANY PLANT-MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES AND PROCEDURES MUST,
HOWEVER. EQUAL OR EXCEED THOSE RECOMMENDED BY THE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS. Unless an approved
plant-maintenance schedule exists, be certain to follow the maintenance schedules recommended by the individual component manufacturers.
Most maintenance procedures for this equipment can be performed using common hand tools and plumbing equipment; any special tools
required for individual components must be obtained from the component manufacturers.
7.1 GENERAL MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES

• Before working on any of the components and equipment used with this system, workers must read and understand the safety-related
material given in this manual.
Of special importance are the areas of chemical safety and vessel entry (if applicable).
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• Maintenance procedures should be performed only by experienced technicians or maintenance workers who are familiar with the types of
components and equipment used with this system.
• Operators and workers must use extreme caution when performing maintenance on the equipment. All appropriate measures must be
taken to prevent falls and other accidents during maintenance procedures.
• Use extreme caution when working around liquid-treatment equipments. Valve handles, sample pipes, and other protruding components
can cause severe injury to body parts that strike them. Workers should wear hard hats and safety glasses and should move cautiously
when working under piping and around the equipment.
• When accessing equipment above the operator's normal reach, use safe, approved ladders or lifting devices to reach the required area.
• Use extreme caution when removing heavy manhole covers from vessels. If lifting davits (arms) are not provided for the covers, use a
sling or chain and some type of lifting device to remove and hold the cover. Do not remove all of the cover bolts until it is certain that the
cover is securely slung and supported and will not fall.
• Before attempting to perform maintenance on system components and equipment, and especially when attempting to disassemble
individual components, workers must be certain that the components are Isolated from pressure, fluids, and electricity.
[WARNING] Compressed springs in spring-loaded valves can cause severe bodily injury if the spring tension is
released accidentally. If this system uses spring-loaded control valves, do not attempt to disassemble or
repair these valves in the field. The springs in these valves are highly compressed, and special fixtures
and tools are required for safe disassembly. If repairs are required for spring-loaded valves, either
return the valves to the manufacturer or obtain the proper tools and service instructions.
• Spring-loaded devices, such as valves, should be in their "relaxed" state--that is, with no compression on the loading spring-to avoid the
sudden and accidental motion of individual parts. An accidental and sudden release of pressure or fluid, accidental contact with
energized electrical components, or the sudden movement of equipment parts during maintenance procedures can result in severe injury
to workers.
[WARNING] Accidental operation of automatic components can cause equipment damage and operator injury or
death. If controller programming or program modification is being performed while system components
are being serviced, disconnect the controller outputs or the individual component tubing or wiring to
avoid accidental operation of those components.
• Workers must use extreme caution when servicing automatically controlled components of this system. Sudden and unexpected
operation of components being serviced can cause severe injury to the workers involved. Before working on automatically controlled
components, make sure that the automatic controller is disabled to the point that it can not be used to operate remote components. Also,
inform other operators and control room workers of repairs or servicing in progress.
• Workers who perform maintenance on the components and equipment used with this system should read and follow all instructions
and procedures given in this manual.
7.2 VESSEL MAINTENANCE

[WARNING] Welding on a lined vessel will damage the lining. Never weld on a lined vessel or within 12 inches of the
vessel.
The vessels and their linings (if applicable) should provide many years of service with only minimal exterior maintenance (painting), provided
the system is operated within the design pressure and temperature limitations. The tank linings can be permanently damaged by high
temperatures. If vessels are installed outside and are exposed to freezing temperatures, the vessels and their piping must be insulated and
heated or else must be shutdown and drained. If vessels are stored outside and are exposed to freezing temperatures, they must be
completely drained and must be handled carefully when moved.
[WARNING] Some vessels in this system may be lined with polymers or plastics which must not be exposed to
temperatures above 150°F.
All vessel linings are guaranteed against defective materials and workmanship for a limited period of time. Improper handling or storage
procedures may void the lining guarantee. Follow all instructions given in this manual when handling or storing lined vessels.
7.3 PIPING MAINTENANCE

The main piping on the system vessels may be steel pipe, rigid PVC or lined pipe. Any flanges used on this piping may need periodic
tightening to prevent leaks. If the system is operated within the temperature and pressure limitations given in this manual, little or no
maintenance is required.
7.4 SCREENS AND FILTER MAINTENANCE

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Any filter screens or other filters must be cleaned or replaced on a regular (scheduled) basis. This includes filters on such components as air
regulators and pump intakes.
NOTE: Filter screens are recommended for the intakes of all process pumps to reduce the possibility of pump damage from foreign material in
the process stream.
Because they pass a great deal of air, filters for aerator intakes must be inspected on a weekly basis and replaced as necessary. Any cartridge
filter elements used with the system must be cleaned or replaced on a regular (scheduled) basis. This includes air and process-fluid filters.
7.5 RESIN AND MEMBRANE MAINTENANCE

The resins and membranes are the most important part of the system, as they are responsible for the actual treatment process. They are also
one of the most expensive components of the system. Their maintenance is a continual process through proper operation and regeneration.
Strict attention to the operating conditions and the regeneration procedures is the best safeguard against premature resin or membrane failure.
[WARNING] Regeneration backwash flowrates must be monitored closely to prevent the loss of resin through the
backwash outlet. If, at any time, resin is seen in the drain-line sight glass or in the drain itself, the
backwash flowrate must be reduced immediately.
Always set membranes down gently to avoid breakage. Membranes are susceptible to damage from a sudden shock, such as being
dropped, or damage due to thermal shock. When heating or cooling membranes, do not exceed a 2°C/minute temperature change.
When storing membranes, wet or dry, orient them in the vertical position to relieve any bending stresses imposed in the horizontal position.
For sterile processing, membranes should be integrity-tested by the pressure-hold technique on a regular basis.
7.6 STRAINER SCREENS (VESSEL OUTLET)

These protective devices on the vessel outlets are designed to guard against resin loss should the regenerant, interface, or bottom distributors
fail. Barring this unlikely circumstance, the strainer screens require no maintenance other than an occasional cleaning.
[WARNING] If sight strainers are removed from the pipelines, be certain to reinstall them in the correct positions.
7.7 FEED SOURCE AND PRODUCT STORAGE

If a feed supply and a product storage area are to be supplied by the customer, operators must be sure that these portions of the system are
available for use and are in good repair before attempting to operate the system.
7.8 CUSTOMER SUPPLIED EQUIPMENT

Any existing (customer-supplied) equipment used in conjunction with this equipment must be properly maintained and operated. Optimum
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performance of the IPURE equipment cannot be attained unless all other system components are operating properly.
7.9 ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURES

Any solenoid or other electrical enclosures must be checked occasionally to be sure that the doors are closed tightly and are latched or
fastened properly. Water and other fluids must not enter the enclosures.
[WARNING] Sparks from components in control enclosures can cause explosions in hazardous atmospheres. If
explosion-proof enclosures are used with this system, extra caution must be used when working with
the enclosures. Be certain that all power is removed from an explosion-proof enclosure before opening
it. If the enclosure is equipped with a power/door interlock, check the interlock occasionally to be sure it
functions properly. If purge-type enclosures are used with this system, be certain that the purge
equipment is installed correctly and is operating properly.
7.10 CONTACT SWITCHES

Externally mounted switches (on valves, pumps, etc.) should be checked periodically for corrosion, debris, and loose or broken wires.
Switches that are used to initiate step, modes, or alarms (flow or pressure switches, for example) should be checked for calibration
occasionally. Also, any limit switches used on the control valves may have to be adjusted periodically.
7.11 CONTROL PANELS

Very little maintenance is required for control panels and their components. The following is a list of general guidelines for operators to use
while operating and maintaining control panels.
Operators must be certain the operating conditions for microprocessor controllers are within the ranges listed in the component instructions in
this manual.
[WARNING] Electric panel heaters can cause ignition of combustible materials. Do not allow combustible materials
to fall or lay on electric heaters. Panel heaters and blowers must be operated when necessary to protect
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the controller from excessive moisture. As a general rule, blowers should be left on at all times. Heaters
should be used as necessary to maintain the panel-interior temperature at 75-80°F.
Do not place boxes or other items in front of air intakes. Check any air inlet and outlet grilles at least once a week and clean them when
necessary.
The controller must be properly grounded and protected from the possibility of static-electricity discharges.
Operators must monitor the condition of any controller backup battery and must replace it when necessary.
An audible alarm and an alarm light will be activated when the backup battery is low.
Control panel doors must be kept closed at all times to prevent excessive dirt or dust from collecting inside the panel.
If the control panel is located in a corrosive or damp atmosphere, the panel should be inspected, cleaned, and painted regularly.
7.12 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

In addition to the maintenance guidelines listed in this section and in the vendor literature, operators should be aware of further steps that can
be taken to avoid specific problems. Some common problem areas are listed below.
7.12.1 VESSEL INTERNAL PROBLEMS

If work must be performed on a component inside of a vessel, follow the vessel unloading and reloading procedures and the vessel
entry procedures given in this manual. Use extreme caution when loading or unloading and when entering a vessel. Do not drop
support media or resin directly onto the distribution. Do not walk on the distribution laterals and do not puncture or damage the
vessel lining.
7.12.2 EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS

Always be sure to operate each piece of equipment within the ranges (pressure, temperature, etc.) specified by the manufacturer's
service literature.
7.12.3 PUMP PROBLEMS

Make sure all pumps have seal water (where applicable) and are equipped with a device to relieve excessive pressure on the
discharge line, such as a pressure relief valve (where applicable). Do not allow the tank feeding the pump to run dry; install controls
to shut the pump off on low storage tank level, if necessary.
Also, adjust the closing of valves and the starting and stopping of pumps to avoid a water surge or "hammer" against the pumps. If
necessary, install pulsation dampeners.
7.12.4 VALVE AND PIPING PROBLEMS

Make sure the valves are not opening and closing too fast; this can result in a "hammer" effect, causing leaky valves and piping. The
action of automatic valves can be slowed by adjusting the air metering screws on the valve solenoids.
NOTE: Some systems are supplied with a backpulse mechanism. In order for the backpulse to work effectively a certain amount of
"hammer" is required.
7.12.5 INSTRUMENT PROBLEMS

Be sure the piping is braced securely enough to avoid vibration damage of instruments. Also, keep dust and water out of
instruments.
7.12.6 PRESSURE DROPS

Operators should monitor the pressure gauges at the individual vessels to detect excessive pressure drops. Excessive pressure
drops can give an early indication of problems such as resin-bed and filter plugging.
7.12.7 DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS

When workers must disassemble and then reassemble system components, they should refer to the component instructions in this
manual.
7.12.8 TIGHTENING OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS

When threaded system components are installed and tightened, correct torque specifications must be adhered to. Undertightening
can cause leakage and overtightening can cause stripped threads, warped parts, breakage, and leakage.
When sanitary flanged components are installed and tightened, alignment of gaskets must be correct before tightening the clamp.
Follow the torque specifications found in the "vendor's literature" section.
Permanent damage to the gaskets can result if not aligned properly before tightening the clamps.
7.12.9 VESSEL WINDOW PROBLEMS (IF EQUIPTED)

Vessel windows may leak or break if tightened incorrectly. Follow the instructions in when replacing or tightening windows.
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Plexiglas windows may become cloudy and may be permanently damaged if cleaned with solvents and other chemicals. Use only
soap and water to clean windows. When cleaning or painting vessels, always mask the windows to prevent contact with chemicals
and paints.
7.12.10 SYSTEM LEAKS

[WARNING] Leaks at chemical components can cause equipment damage and operator injury. If leaks
develop at the regenerant system or its piping, immediately shut down the system, relieve all
pressure, and repair the leaks.
Operators should, at all times, be alert for leaking pipes, valves, or other system components. Detecting and repairing a leak when it
is still small may prevent lengthy downtime later.
7.12.11 SAMPLING AND TESTING

Influent and effluent sampling and testing should be performed on a regular basis. This will help to detect changes in operating
performance before a major upset occurs.
It is strongly recommended that a logbook be maintained on a daily basis. Such data as gallonage throughput between
regenerations, conductivity readings, final rinse step times, and pressure drops can be invaluable if problems develop in the future.
7.12.12 FLOW RATES

Adhere to the flows and gallons specified in for all steps. The backwash flow rates (during resin regenerations) may have to be
decreased to keep from losing resin, which would shorten service runs.
7.12.13 FEED QUALITY

The process feed must be within specifications given. If the feed has more impurities than it should, the service runs will be shorter
and the quality of the product could be reduced.
If the feed has too much organic growth or color, the resins, or membranes could become fouled.
It is important that the feed quality guidelines suggested in this manual be followed closely, because an overloading of the system
with organic or inorganic impurities can occur. Since the system has been designed according to these guidelines, overloading the
system can result in ineffective operation.
7.12.14 CHEMICALS
Each dilute chemical solution must be made consistently at the required concentrations. If the chemical solutions are too dilute, the
regenerations or chemical dosing may be unsuccessful; if the regenerants are too concentrated, they could damage the resin or
membranes.
The mixing and dilution of caustic and the regeneration of anion resins must always be performed using soft, deionized, or
decationized water. If "hard" water is used for these procedures, insoluble precipitates can form and can foul the anion resin.
Finally, be sure that the entire regenerant or chemical injection system (piping, pumps, ejectors, etc.) is functioning properly.
7.12.15 INSTRUMENTS
Instruments such as pressure gauges and conductivity cells should be cleaned, inspected, and calibrated periodically. A faulty
sensing instrument may indicate a problem where one does not exist, or may not indicate a problem that does exist.
7.12.16 VALVES
Operators must verify that all valves close completely. A valve that does not shut tightly can cause contaminants to leak into the
product stream.
7.12.17 CORROSION AND CONTAMINATION

Always keep control panels closed tightly to prevent the entry of dirt and fluids. Liquids must never enter control panels.
Also, be sure that instrument covers are properly installed and that conduit connections are tight. In wet environments conduit
connections should be sealed with silicon sealer.
7.12.18 INSTRUMENT VIBRATION

Instruments can be damaged by excessive vibrations. Instruments that are well mounted must be installed in a location that is
relatively free of vibrations and impact shocks. When instruments are mounted on piping at the equipment, the piping must be
braced securely to prevent instrument damage from vibrations and shocks caused by such problems as water hammer.
7.12.19 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATIONS

Instruments should be calibrated periodically to avoid erroneous readings. A malfunctioning instrument may not indicate a problem
that exists, resulting in equipment damage or extended downtime.
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7.12.20 PROBLEMS WITH NOISE

Operators should be alert for unusual noises, vibrations, or odors from electric motors. Detecting a problem early may reduce
equipment damage and downtime.
7.13 RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE
MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE RECOMMENDED INTERVAL
Cartridge filter replacement Differential pressure greater than 10 psig or every 6 months
Cartridge carbon filter replacement Check free Cl2 levels at filter outlet. Replace if detectable.
Carbon sampling (bulk units) Once a year or as required for diagnostic purposes
Resin sampling Every 6 months or as required for diagnostic purposes
Check resin level Weekly if vessel has windows, otherwise whenever resin is sampled
Influent and effluent water quality Every 6 months or as liquid samples required for diagnostic purposes
Analyze bulk regenerant Every new chemical batch
Pump and gear lubricants Weekly
Inspect strainers Weekly
Vessel and piping leaks Weekly
Valve operation and leak checking As required
Valve diaphragm, o-ring replacement Annually
Conductivity and pH independent lab check Every 6 months
UV bulb replacement Every 8000 hours of operation
Process controller checkout Weekly
Reverse osmosis membranes Quartly or as required due to operating conditions
EDI Cell Check bolt torque every 6 months
Instrument calibration Annually
Please direct any questions regarding maintenance, parts, procedures or modifications to your authorized service representative.
8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
This troubleshooting guide is to assist you in identifying the most common operating problems you may experience with your machine. Many
of these problems are easily corrected by the operator, but with other problems or those not understood, you should contact your local service
representative. Have the problem's symptoms clearly defined and operating data available.
Troubleshooting Guide
Symptom Possible Causes Remedies

Low operating pressure Insufficient feed water pressure or flow. Check feed pressure, open feed water valve check for
restrictions. Check booster pump for capacity and operation.
Pre-filter clogged. Check pre- and post filter pressures. Replace cartridge.
High flow rates. Close concentrate valve, check permeate and concentrate
flow rates and adjust if necessary. Excessive permeate flow
may indicate a damaged hollow fiber or that the flush valve is
not closing.
Machine is in Auto-Flush mode. Auto-Flush is controlled by the unit.
Inlet water pressure exceeds air pressure. Lower inlet pressure or increase air pressure. Inlet shut-off
valve must remain fully open with air pressure during
operation.
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Inlet valve not opening. The high pressure pump is "starved" Clean valve or replace. Check solenoid valve for power and
for water. operation. Check air supply to the machine and solenoid.
Pump rotating backwards. Switch any two 3-phase (3-phase power only) leads to
disconnect switch.
Insufficient electrical power Check fuses or circuit breakers, measure voltage and amp.
draw.
Pump not operating correctly. See pump Instructions. Pump may be rotating backwards.
Low permeate flow rate. Low operating pressure. See above possible causes for low pressure.
Dirty or fouled membranes. Flush and clean membranes.

Operating on cold water less than 65°F (18°C). Water may be tempered to 72-77 °F if more permeate flow is
needed. Cold water reduces permeate flow rate due to higher
viscosity.
Permeate relief valve relieving due to backpressure on Check permeate plumbing and check valves for restrictions,
permeate line. Not applicable on most machines. measure flow from individual permeate tubes. Check relief
valve setting with a pressure gauge and valve on the
permeate outlet .
Membranes installed backwards or damaged hollow fiber. Install membranes in the direction of fluid flow. Flush and
clean machine immediately. Membranes with damaged hollow
fiber should be repaired immediately.
Flow meter inaccurate. Check flow rate manually with a stopwatch and calibrated
container.
Low concentrate flow rate, normal or higher than normal Concentrate orifice plugged with debris. Disassemble plumbing to orifice. Clean orifice. The orifices are
pressure. located on the stainless steel header assembly behind the
instrument panel.
Concentrate outlet line restricted. Examine concentrate line for obstructions or kinks. Repair or
replace tubing. Check positions of outlet valves.
Flow meter inaccurate. Check flow rate manually with a stopwatch and calibrated
container.
High operating pressure. Recycle or concentrate valve plugged. Disassemble plumbing to recycle valve and remove foreign
particles. Check concentrate valve stem.
Inaccurate pressure gauge. Replace or calibrate as required.
Restricted or reduced permeate flow rate. See possible causes for low permeate rate.
High inlet pressure. Reduce inlet pressure.
Excessive pressure drop (high primary pressure - low final High feed flow into machine. Check total flow rate and adjust.
pressure)
Restricted flow after pump outlet. Check for blockage of concentrate flow at inlets and outlets of
membrane housings.
Severely fouled or dirty membranes. Flush machine and clean with detergent.
Water flowing when machine is turned off. Inlet solenoid valve or diaphragm valve not closing or seating
properly. Clean valve or replace. Clean membranes with
detergent immediately. Water must not pass through inlet
when the machine is off.
Declining rejection Dirty or fouled membranes. Flush and clean membranes.
Damaged or broken hollow fiber. Air test membrane module. Repair broken or damaged fibers.
Replace damaged parts.
Change in incoming water quality. Open concentrate valve and flush. Test water for pH,
hardness, TDS, and iron content. A water analysis should be
reviewed.
Switch on, unit not operating. Pressurized storage switch or level switch has cut power to Check permeate backpressure or calibration of level control
machine. system in storage tank.
Fluid temperature over 1000F or thermal over-load in motor. Allow machine to cool. Check feed water supply and/or amp.
draw of motor.
No power to machine. Check fuses or circuit breakers. Measure voltage.
Motor and/or pump not operating properly. See pump operating Instructions.
Machine not in the correct mode. Restart the machine by cycling through the offline mode into
the service mode.
Machine shutdown. Alarm condition has turned off machine. Restart by pushing RESET. Check all possible alarm
conditions, inlet pressure, temperature, pH. Machine must be
turned off before restarting when shut down in high permeate
or high pump pressure alarm.
Motor starter over-loaded, heater tripped. Turn switch off, reset heater(s), check motor amp. draw and
line voltage.
Timing relay defective or burned out. Replace relay. (Not applicable on machines equipped with
PLC.)
9.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Angstrom
A unit of wavelength equal to one ten-billionth of a meter. In RO and UF systems, a measurement of matter size that the membranes will not
pass. (One Angstrom equals 0.0001 micron.)
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that can exist alone or in combination.
Banking
A group of hydraulically connected membrane housings. They are arranged in parallel and series flow patterns. Also referred to as an array.
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Page 14 of 15
Boundary Layer
The thin liquid layer (laminar flow) immediately adjacent to the rejecting surface of the RO membrane where the salt concentration is higher
than in the bulk stream (turbulent flow). This phenomenon is called "concentration polarization."
Compaction
The reduction of permeate flow through a membrane as a result of plastic ''creep," caused by excessive pressure and/or temperature.
Concentrate
In an RO or UF system, the exiting stream which has NOT passed through the membrane and into which all of the constituents which were
rejected or retained by the membrane have been concentrated. It usually consists of at least 95% water (H2O) and is also referred to as the
waste or brine stream.
Concentration Polarization
For RO systems, it is the ratio of salt concentration at the membrane surface, to the salt concentration in the bulk stream of the feed water. For
UF systems, it is the ratio of the macromolecules at the membrane surface, to the macromolecules in the bulk stream of the feed water.
Crossflow
The flow of water through a membrane in an axial direction, which passes over but not through the membrane.
Effluent
Water discharged from a process, e.g. deionized water from a deionized.
Feed water
Partially treated water which is the influent to an additional stage of processing. Usually associated with RO and UP systems.
Filtrate
Effluent from a filter
Fouling
Inability of media or membrane to perform its normal function due to pore clogging, coating of surfaces, foreign matter, etc.
Hydrolysis
In RO systems, a chemical reaction between the feed water and the membranes which results in the membrane properties being altered
causing membrane decomposition and usually a loss in rejection.
Influent
Incoming water to a process, e.g. feed water to an RO system.
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that carries a negative or positive electrical charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons.
Membrane
The barrier material across which the feed water is distributed and the purer product water, or permeate, passes through.
Module
A complete assembly consisting of RO or UP spiral-wound elements installed in a pressure tube housing with end caps.
Molecule
The smallest particle of a substance that retains the properties of the substance and is composed of one or more atoms.
Permeate
The processed and recovered stream of water that has passed through an RO or UF spiral-wound element or permeator. Also referred to as
product water.
Permeator
A separate, individual RO or UF module containing hollow fiber membranes (See Spiral-Wound Element and Module)
OH
The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. On a scale of O to 14 with 7 being neutral. Numbers less than 7 denote increasing acidity
while numbers more than 7 denote increasing alkalinity.
Precipitate
The process of causing a dissolved substance to come out of solution as a solid. Also refers to the solid that is formed.
Pre-treatment
The initial treatment of raw water required to protect, or allow treatment in, succeeding stage(s), e.g. filtering, chemical injection, etc.
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Product Water
The processed and recovered stream of water that has passed through an RO or UF spiral-wound element or permeator. Also referred to as
permeate.
Pyroqens
In general, are colloidal metabolites and debris resulting from the growth of microorganisms at some time in a water supply. Chemically they
are lipoprotein polysaccharides.
Pyrogenic impurities in water cause fever reactions in patients (hence, the name ''pyrogen" to generate fire). Pyrogens cannot be seen or
detected by chemical means or by any simple tests. Their presence in water is detectable by the Rabbit or Limelus test as described in USDA
Pharmacopeia XVIII, pages 886-7.
Raw Water
Untreated water to be processed.
Recovery
The ration of the amount of product water, or permeate produced, to the amount of feed water. This is an indication of RO or OF system
efficiency and is usually expressed as a percentage.
Recycle
In specific RO and OF system applications, a portion of the concentrate is recirculated back to the pump inlet to supplement the feed water
supply which results in improved flow characteristics allowing a higher system recovery.
Rejection
The ratio of the amount of TDS present in RO feed water, to amount of TDS present in the product water, or permeate. This is an indication of
RO system efficiency and is usually expressed as a percentage.
Reverse Osmosis (RO)

A process employing a semi-permeable membrane where the majority of the water passes through the membrane under pressure while
almost totally rejecting dissolved ions, organics and microorganisms in the feed water. RO systems reject matter in the 1 Angstrom to 10-
Angstrom range (0.0001 micron to 0.001 micron).
Scale
Mineral deposition caused by removing water from a solution containing water and dissolved salt.
Silt Density Index (SDI)

A method of indicating quantity of particulate matter in water. It is generally applicable to relatively low turbidity waters such as well water or
filtered water. (See ASTM Standard)
Membrane
Spiral-wound element.
Membrane Housing
Container which holds the spiral-wound elements.
Softening
The exchange of dissolved calcium and magnesium mineral salts for sodium salts from raw water, by ion exchange.
Spiral-Wound Element
An RO or UF device utilizing flat sheet membrane, of any material, rolled in a spiral configuration. In this manual, usually shortened to element.
(See Module and Permeator)
Sterilization
To render incapable of reproducing.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Total amount of all dissolved solids present in water. It is measured in parts per million (PPM) and milligrams per liter (mg/L) (1 PPM = 1
mg/L).
Turbidity
A term indicating the amount of undissolved, finely divided and suspended matter in water. Measured in Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU),
Formazin Turbidity Units (FTU), and Nephalometric Turbidity Units (NTU).
Ultrafiltration (UF)
A process similar to RO except it employs lower operating pressure and only filters to the molecular range of 10 Angstroms to 200 Angstroms
(0.001 micron to 0.02 micron). No ionic rejection capability is shown with UF.
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IPURE Systems October/06
EZi Controller Page 1 of 7
Table Of Contents
1.0 EZI UF SERIES CONTROLLER ....................................................................................................................................2
2.0 EZI UF SERIES CONTROLLER ALARMS ..................................................................................................................6
3.0 EZI UF SERIES QUICK MENU SETUP .......................................................................................................................6

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Congratulations on your purchase of the simplest and most reliable high purity water
system available today. The attached O&M Manual will explain how to install, setup, run
and maintain your new equipment. We recommend that you read, understand and
carefully follow all of the instructions contained in this manal. This will insure that your
unit provides optimal performance and service life to your organization. Again, on
behalf of everyone in the IPURE® organization, thank you for your support.
1.0 EZi UF SERIES CONTROLLER

1.1 The EZi series family of controllers provides a simplified interface that allows the user to monitor and control the operation of the water
treatment equipment. It is STRONGLY recommended that you read and understand this manual BEFORE attempting to operate any
equipment in order to insure successful operation. Failure to operate this equipment properly can result in not only damage to the equipment
but also place operating personnel in physical DANGER.
The EZi series of controllers provides universal control for numerous water treatment components. This manual includes information on ALL of
the features available, however, some of these features MAY NOT apply to the equipment purchased. The operator should be familiar with the
features included with the equipment prior to commencing operation.
1.2 Turn the POWER switch at the local disconnect to the "ON" position. Display of the iPURE startup screen will indicate to the user correct
connection of the electrical power.
1.3 Depress the SCREEN (MENU) function button on the operator interface device. The MENU function button will access the display screen
menu and may be used at any time to select the desired screen for display. Use the UP/DOWN selector buttons to scroll through the display
screen menu and highlight a screen for display. Depress the ENTER button to engage a screen selection and display the screen.
It is recommended that you scroll through all of the screens BEFORE operating any equipment to become familiar with the functions
and information contained on each screen. All of the unit operating parameters must be entered/verified/checked prior to starting
any equipment. Cancel any selected function at any time by depressing the ESC button.
1.4 An overview of the screens for the EZi controller including operating control description is covered below.
• Screen 1 – Cover
• Startup screen displayed at unit power up.
Screens 2-20 left blank for future use.
• Screen 21 & 22 – iPURE UF Status

• Displays current operational status and values for the water treatment equipment.
• Screen 23 – iPURE UF Control
• Displays detailed operational modes and current status for the iPURE unit.
Functions/Displays
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• IPURE Mode – Select F1 key to change. Allows the operator to select the current operating mode for the iPURE unit.
Offline Unit does not operate.
Service-A Unit operation is automatic with unit start and stop controlled by the level interlock system. Unit cycles through startup,
production, backwash and shutdown sequences automatically.
Service-M Unit operation is continuous (level interlock system is inactive). Unit cycles through startup, production and backwash
sequences automatically with continuous operation until cycled to alternate mode.
FW Flush Unit operation is continuous in the forward flush mode. This is the first step of UF cleaning cycle.
BW Bottom Unit operation is continuous in the bottom backwash mode with permeate water used to backwash the bottom half of the
UF modules. This is the second step of the UF cleaning cycle.
BW Top Unit operation is continuous in the top backwash mode with permeate water used to backwash the top half of the UF
modules. This is the third step of the UF cleaning cycle.
Chem Soak Unit operation is continuous in the chemical soak mode. This is an intermittent step used at various stages in the UF
cleaning cycle.
CIP Positions all unit controls and valving for manual cleaning and/or sanitization operations.
Air Test Unit operation is continuous in the air test mode. Used to check UF module fiber integrity.
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• IPURE Status – Displays the current operating status for the iPURE unit.
Offline Unit does not operate.
Service Unit production of pure water to storage reservoir.
Forward Flush Initial unit cleaning cycle; purges feed water directly to drain.
BW Bottom Unit cleaning cycle; backwash of bottom UF module with pure water to drain.
BW Top Unit cleaning cycle; backwash of top UF module with pure water to drain.
Chem Soak Unit cleaning cycle; chemical soak of UF module.
Standby Unit in service mode waiting for storage reservoir interlock.
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CIP CIP cycle engaged.

Alarm Unit alarm engaged during operation. Reset of alarm required prior to restart.
Air Test Unit test mode. Used to check UF module fiber integrity.
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• IPURE Run Hours – Displays the total operational hours since the unit was started.
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• IPURE Run Hours Since Last CIP Cycle Completed – Displays the total operational hours since the unit was last cleaned. This will
reset each time a successful unit CIP cleaning is completed.
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• IPURE Pump Operational Status – Displays the current operational status for the unit booster pump and backwash pump.
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• IPURE Pump Run Hours – Select F2 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value. The
unit automatically calculates the total operational hours for the booster pump module. Hours of operation may be viewed or reset to
0 after major maintenance/repair of the module.
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• IPURE Pump Run Hours – Select F3 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value. The
unit automatically calculates the total operational hours for the backwash pump module. Hours of operation may be viewed or reset
to 0 after major maintenance/repair of the module.
• Screen 24 – iPURE UF Alarms
• Displays current alarm status for all IPURE UF unit alarms.
Functions/Displays
®
• IPURE Alarm Reset – Select F1 key to reset all unit alarms.
• Screen 25 – iPURE UF Maintenance
• Displays current maintenance status for all iPURE components.
• Screen 40 – Authorization Screen

• Displays current authorization codes. Code #1, #2 & #3 Entry – Each unit is protected against unauthorized use by a FACTORY
AUTHORIZATION CODE. The unit will operate for a FEW DAYS AFTER STARTUP WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION CODE,
however, at the end of the startup period the UNIT WILL BE DISABLED UNTIL THE CORRECT AUTHORIZATION CODE IS
ENTERED. Complete the provided unit authorization form included with this manual in order to obtain the correct authorization code
for the machine.
Functions/Displays
• Authorization Code #1 – Select F1 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value to correct
code #1.
code #2.
code #3.
• Screen 45 – iPURE UF Backwash Control Parameters

• Displays detailed operational control parameters and current status for the iPURE UF backwash cycle.
Functions/Displays
®
• IPURE UF Backwash Interval – Select F1 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value for
the time interval (minutes) between backwash cycles for the UF module. Make sure that this interval DOES NOT allow the unit to
operate beyond the modules capacity.
®
• IPURE UF Forward Flush Cycle Time – Select F2 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the
value for the time interval (seconds or minutes can be selected using the F3 key) of the forward flush cycle.
Functions/Displays
®
• IPURE UF Backwash Bottom Cycle Time – Select F1 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change
the value for the time interval (seconds or minutes can be selected using the F2 key) of the bottom backwash cycle.
®
• IPURE UF Chemical Soak Bottom Cycle Time – Select F3 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to
change the value for the time interval (seconds or minutes can be selected using the F4 key) of the bottom chemical soak cycle.
Functions/Displays
®
• IPURE UF Backwash Top Cycle Time – Select F1 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the
value for the time interval (seconds or minutes can be selected using the F2 key) of the top backwash cycle.
®
• IPURE UF Chemical Soak Top Cycle Time – Select F3 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change
the value for the time interval (seconds or minutes can be selected using the F4 key) of the top chemical soak cycle.
®
• Screen 50 – Storage Tank Control

• Displays current operational parameters for the pure water storage equipment.
Functions/Displays
• Storage Tank Level – Displays the current storage tank level in inches of water.
• High Level Alarm Set Point – Select F1 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value to the
desired high level alarm point. MAKE SURE THAT THIS LEVEL SETTING IS BELOW THE TANK OVERFLOW HEIGHT.
• Tank Fill Stop Set Point – Select F2 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value to the
desired filling stop point. MAKE SURE THAT THIS LEVEL SETTING IS 4” BELOW THE HIGH ALARM SET POINT. This high tank
level set point is used to suspend pure water production when in the automatic operation mode.
• Tank Fill Start Set Point – Select F3 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value to the
desired filling start point. MAKE SURE THAT THIS LEVEL SETTING IS 4” ABOVE THE TANK LOW LEVEL ALARM SET POINT.
This low tank level set point is used to resume pure water production when in the automatic operation mode.
• Low Level Alarm Set Point – Select F4 key to change. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to change the value to the
desired low level alarm point. MAKE SURE THAT THIS LEVEL SETTING IS 4” BELOW THE TANK START HEIGHT. This low tank
level set point is used to suspend pure water circulation when in the automatic operation mode.
• High / Low Level Alarms – Display only when alarm conditions are engaged.
1.5 An overview of the common screens for all controllers including operating control description is covered below.
• Screen 150/154 – Instrument Calibration

• Displays calibration parameters for all unit instruments.
Functions/Displays
• Select the appropriate function key to change the desired instrument calibration point. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector
buttons to change the values. Instrument 4 mA points have been preset to 0 at the factory. 20 mA points may be field configured to
match on-site calibrated values. K values for flow monitors MUST be entered correctly in order to display the correct flow rates.
Select and enter the appropriate K value for each flow monitor from the table below.
Flow Meter K Factors
Pipe Size Flow Range (GPM) K Factor Units
3/8” 0.4-4.0 2926.8 Pulse/Gallon
0.8-8.0 1456.3 Pulse/Gallon
1/2” 0.5-5.0 2419.4 Pulse/Gallon
2.0-20.0 1034.5 Pulse/Gallon
3/4” 0.8-8.0 1519.0 Pulse/Gallon
1” 2.0-20.0 1034.5 Pulse/Gallon
1” 6.0-60.0 204.1 Pulse/Gallon
1 ½” 15.0-150.0 93.1 Pulse/Gallon
2” 30.0-300.0 50.4 Pulse/Gallon
• Displays user selectable measuring units.
Functions/Displays
• Select the appropriate function key to change the desired unit of measure. Use the UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT selector buttons to
change the values. Water quality may be displayed in μS-CM or MOHM-CM; temperature may be displayed in F or C; flow may be
0 0
displayed in GPM or LPM. Make sure to RESET any calibration and alarm values that that been entered to reflect the scale of
unit displayed.
• Screen 155 – Audible Alarm
• Displays audible alarm status.
Functions/Displays
• Audible Alarm Status – Select F4 key to engage or disengage the audible alarm.
• Alarm Silence – Select F5 key to silence any current audible alarm.
1.6 iPURE Generation Equipment Control Startup

Optional Security Feature – The optional security feature, if provided, has been preconfigured from the factory. Review the security pass codes
provided as part of the operational manual. This control package may include a security feature that activates 10 to 15 seconds after power is
applied to the control panel. The standard security settings include four levels of security; a general level which has access to only the
overview screens, an operator level which has access to the general level plus operational screens, a supervisor level which has access to the
operator level plus calibration, control and alarm setting screens and a fourth level of access which, is reserved only for factory authorized
technicians. The security access codes have been preset at the factory and may not be changed. Consult your authorized distributor for further
details.
Depress the menu function key to progress to the main system menu (SCREEN INDEX).
®
Scroll and select the SYSTEM AUTHORIZATION screen in order to initialize operation for the unit. Enter the following information using the
appropriate function keys.
• Authorization Codes #1, #2, #3
• Code Entry – Each unit is protected against unauthorized use by a FACTORY AUTHORIZATION CODE. The unit will operate
for 30 DAYS AFTER STARTUP WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION CODES, however, at the end of the 30-day startup period
the UNIT WILL BE DISABLED UNTIL THE CORRECT AUTHORIZATION CODES ARE ENTERED. Complete the provided
unit authorization form included with this manual in order to obtain the correct authorization codes for the machine. Once
obtained, the correct authorization code can be entered by using the numeric keypad.
Depress the menu function key to return to the main system menu (SCREEN INDEX).
®
Scroll and select the IPURE UF UNIT OPERATING PARAMETERS screens (3 screens total). These screens will display the current
operating parameters for the UF module including backwash interval time and individual backwash step cycle times. Adjust these values to
meet current operating conditions, making sure NOT TO exceed minimum or maximum unit operating parameters.
®
Scroll and select the IPURE STORAGE TANK CONTROL screen. Set the control parameters for high, start, stop and low level interlocks.
Test to insure correct level is displayed.
®
Scroll and select the IPURE INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION screens. Check the instrument calibration setpoints and test to insure correct
display of instrument values.
® ®
Scroll and select the IPURE UF UNIT CONTROL screen. This screen will display the current operating conditions of the IPURE UF unit.
Depress the F-1 key and select the FORWARD FLUSH mode to engage the unit to the “FORWARD FLUSH” operating mode. Be sure rotation
of pump motor(s) is correct. If the pump is not running in the correct direction, change any two of the three-phase leads at the
disconnect/breaker terminals. The pump will delay 5 to 120 seconds before starting after switching to "FORWARD FLUSH" mode.
Confirmation of the unit-operating mode will always be displayed on the operator interface.
CAUTION: Incorrect rotation of the pump motor or running the pump dry may cause permanent damage.
Allow the machine to run in “FORWARD FLUSH” mode for 15 minutes, discarding all fluids.
The machine may register an alarm condition(s) briefly when starting, but should clear automatically within 5 to 15 seconds as the pressures
and flow rates stabilize. If an alarm condition persists for 15 - 30 seconds or more, the machine will shut down. When an alarm shutdown
occurs, check which alarm caused the problem indicated by the operator interface panel and correct the situation. The machine may then be
restarted.
While in the “FORWARD FLUSH” mode check operating pressures, temperatures and flow rates and compare to original factory test data
included with this manual. Make sure that operating conditions DO NOT exceeded membrane limits. Continue flushing the unit until all
preservative has been rinsed out of the unit.
Upon completing system flushing reset the machine into an OFFLINE mode using the F-1 key. Check the entire unit for any leaks and tighten.
Interconnect the level control system or unit start/stop interlock (if provided with the unit); insuring that the level system has been calibrated for
the storage vessel. Make sure that the level interlock(s) (if provided) is engaged at low and high levels of the storage vessel or that the
start/stop interlock(s) is engaged with other equipment operation. This will insure correct operation once the unit is placed in the automatic
mode.
Engage the unit into the automatic SERVICE (SERVICE-A) mode using the F-1 key. The automatic service mode will cycle the unit based on
the high/low level interlock or start/stop interlock provided with the unit. Check to be sure water is flowing through the permeate flow meter
after the unit has completed the startup cycle. Discard the first 1000 gallons of permeate to be certain that all of the preservative solution has
been removed from the machine.
Check all equipment-operating settings and compare to original factory test data included with this manual. The operator is responsible for
monitoring and setting the proper recovery and operating parameters. Operation over the specified recovery may result in precipitation of
insoluble materials. For units operated in “dead end” mode, make sure that trans-membrane pressure limitations are not exceeded and that
flux rates are below the membrane limitations. Adjust the feed flow rate to the unit as required to meet the desired operating conditions
Monitor the operation of the unit paying particular attention to the trans-membrane pressures. Once the unit has reached 50% of the
recommended pressure differential (10 PSID) the unit should be placed into a backwash cycle. This cycle interval should be entered into the
automatic backwash timer (if provided) or should be used as a maximum interval between manual backwash cycles. Adjust the individual
®
operating parameters and cycle times of each backwash step as necessary to provide for a complete cleaning of the membrane. Continue to
monitor the operation of the unit and adjust the backwash cycle interval as required due to variant feed water conditions (NEVER allow the unit
to exceed the recommended pressure differential). Membrane cleaning (CIP) is required when trans-membrane pressures exceeds 20 PSID.
See technical service bulletin TSB140.02 or section 6 of this manual for detailed cleaning instructions.
Your unit has been successfully started. Place the unit into the automatic or manual modes depending on the operating condition required.
Remember to recorder the operating parameters for the system daily to insure that the system is functioning correctly. Adjustments to
operating parameters will be required as feed water conditions vary.
2.0 EZi UF SERIES CONTROLLER ALARMS

The EZi alarm summary describes some common conditions associated with each alarm indication. Please note that actual alarms may vary
depending on the unit options purchased with your equipment.
EZi Alarms
Alarm Indication Probable Causes Corrective Action
LOW INLET PRESSURE Low feed water supply pressure to the inlet pressure switch. Corrective action to apply:
Common causes: • Replace de-chlorination module elements.
• High de-chlorination module differential pressure. • Restore compresssed air source.
• Compressed air failure prevents inlet shut off valve from • Repair or replace inlet shut off valve and/or solenoid
operating. valve.
• Inlet or solenoid valve failure. • Open manual inlet valve.
• Manual inlet feed water valve closed. • Provide additional pressurized feed water source.
• Feed water source pressure below minimum • Replace or recalibrate pressure switch.
requirements.
• Inlet pressure switch failure or out of calibration.
HIGH INLET TEMP High feed water supply temperature to the inlet temperature Corrective action to apply:
switch. Common causes: • Provide correct feed water (cold water supply) source.
• Incorrect feed water source (hot water supply) • Repair defective blending valve or exchanger.
connected to unit. • Replace or recalibrate temperature switch.
• Blending valve or exchanger failure on tempered
supply.
• Temperature switch failure or out of calibration.
LOW OUTLET QUALITY Unit performance has not reached preset limits after initial Corrective action to apply:
startup sequence. Common causes: • Adjust unit operational parameters to improve unit
• Feed water source parameters have significantly performance.
changed from previous and/or startup conditions. • Correct inlet feed water parameters that are not within
• Feed water parameters have exceeded operation unit specifications.
limitations of the unit. • Perform prevenative maintenance.
• Unit modules require cleaning and/or service. • Repair UF fiber.
• UF fiber damaged.
HIGH OUTLET PRESSURE High unit outlet pressure to the permeate pressure switch. Corrective action to apply:
Common causes: • Restore compresssed air source.
• Compressed air failure prevents outlet shut off valves • Repair or replace outlet shut off valve and/or solenoid
from operating. valve.
• Outlet or solenoid valve failure. • Open manual outlet valves.
• Manual outlet valves closed. • Replace or recalibrate pressure switch.
• Outlet pressure switch failure or out of calibration.
UNIT MAINTENANCE Unit operating hours requires preventative maintenance Perform unit service as recommended.
and/or cleaning. Total accumulated run time has exceeded
750 hours.
PUMP FAILURE Booster pump failure to operate on unit demand. Common Corrective action to apply:
causes: • Measure inlet voltage and correct supply to required
• Low and/or incorrect supply voltage causes fuses minimum.
and/or motor overloads to trip. • Adjust motor overload setting.
• Pump motor failure. • Repair or replace pump motor.
• Pump mechanical failure (pump seals). • Repair or replace pump mechancial components.
Optional Alarms:
Alarm Indication Probable Causes Corrective Action
HIGH/LOW TANK LEVEL Storage reservoir level is above/below level set points. Corrective action to apply:
Common causes: • Correct high level set point. Check level set point
• Incorrect (out of range) high level set point. visually against actual water level in storage reservoir.
• Pure water generation system shutoff failure. • Restore pure water generation shutoff interlock.
• Pure water system in manual mode. • Return operating mode to automatic.
• Level transmitter failure or out of calibration. • Replace or recalibrate level transmitter.
3.0 EZi UF SERIES QUICK MENU SETUP

EZi (Note: Some Menu Fuctions Control Optional Features Which May Not Be Included On Each System)
Screen Item Recommended Setting Comments
SCREEN 23 – IPURE CONTROL
IPURE UF MODE SERVICE-A Automatic mode for continuous water supply
SCREEN 45 – BACKWASH CONTROL PARAMETERS
BW CYCLE INTERVAL ** (Field Conditions) Do not exceed operating parameters of UF Membrane.
FORWARD FLUSH CYCLE TIME 70 Seconds Do not exceed operating parameters of UF Membrane.
BW BOTTOM CYCLE TIME 70 Seconds Do not exceed operating parameters of UF Membrane.
®
CHEM SOAK BOTTOM CYCLE TIME ** Do not exceed membrane limits.

BW TOP CYCLE TIME 70 Seconds Do not exceed operating parameters of UF Membrane.
CHEM SOAK TOP CYCLE TIME ** Do not exceed membrane limits.
SCREEN 50 – STORAGE TANK CONTROLS
HIGH LEVEL 1” Below Top Of Tank
iPURE STOP LEVEL 4” Below High Level SP
iPURE START LEVEL Tank Mid-Level
1 - COVER
Project Name H:\OIT Programs - New\EZi Series OIT Programs\EZi-UF

Control\V100 EZi-UF Main Control Interface.mgp
Screen Description :
Backlight Color : Lime
V100 EZi-UF Main Control Interface.mgp 001

21 - IPURE STATUS


22 - iPURE FLOW RATE


23 - IPURE CONTROL


24 - IPURE ALARMS


25 - iPURE MAINTENANCE


40 - AUTHORIZATION

Backlight Color : Amber

45 - BACKWASH CONTROL PARAMETERS






50 - STORAGE TANK CONTROL


151 - iPURE INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION 2

Backlight Color : Yellow

152 - TANK INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION


155 - ALARM HORN


IPURE® HFUF Operational Sequence Page 1 of 2
Revision 6
Date 11/07
System Operating Parameters and Sequences
Mode/Step Devices Energized Time Setting Device(s) Indicating Instrument Alarm/Remarks
No. Select Mode/Status (MIN) (Interface Device)
1.0 Offline/Offline -- -- -- OIT Display --
2.0 Service-A -- -- -- OIT Display --
2.1 Service-A/Service -- -- PLC STEP 1 OIT Display START INTERLOCK ENGAGED
XCV-8010 -- PLC -- PSL-8006 – LOW PRESSURE ALARM ACTIVE

XCV-8013 -- PLC -- TAH-8005A – HIGH TEMPERATURE ALARM ACTIVE
P-01 (Booster) -- PLC -- PSH-8015 – HIGH PRESSURE ALARM ACTIVE
2.2 Service-A/Standby -- -- -- OIT Display STOP INTERLOCK ENGAGED
3.0 Service-M -- -- -- OIT Display --
3.1 Service-M/Service -- -- PLC STEP 1 OIT Display IMMEDIATE OPERATION
XCV-8010 -- PLC -- PSL-8006 – LOW PRESSURE ALARM ACTIVE

XCV-8013 -- PLC -- TAH-8005A – HIGH TEMPERATURE ALARM ACTIVE
P-01 (Booster) -- PLC -- PSH-8015 – HIGH PRESSURE ALARM ACTIVE
4.0 Forward Flush -- -- -- OIT Display FORWARD FLUSH TO DRAIN
4.1 Forward Flush/Forward Flush User PLC STEP 2 OIT Display --
XCV-8010 -- PLC -- --
XCV-8012 -- PLC -- --
P-01 (Booster) -- PLC -- --
5.0 Backwash Bottom -- -- -- OIT Display BACKWASH LOWER PURGE TO DRAIN
5.1 Backwash Bottom/Backwash Bottom User PLC STEP 3 OIT Display --
XCV-8011 -- PLC -- --
P-02 (Backwash) -- PLC -- --
5.2 Soak-1/Soak-1 -- User -- OIT Display CHEMICAL BACKWASH SOAK
6.0 Backwash Top -- -- -- OIT Display BACKWASH TOP PURGE TO DRAIN
6.1 Backwash Top/Backwash Top User PLC STEP 4 OIT Display --

IPURE® HFUF Operational Sequence Page 2 of 2
Revision 6
Date 11/07
System Operating Parameters and Sequences
Mode/Step Devices Energized Time Setting Device(s) Indicating Instrument Alarm/Remarks
No. Select Mode/Status (MIN) (Interface Device)
XCV-8012 -- PLC -- --
P-02 (Backwash) -- PLC -- --
6.2 Soak-2/Soak-2 -- User -- OIT Display CHEMICAL BACKWASH SOAK
7.0 CIP -- -- -- -- -- CLEANING CYCLE
7.1 CIP/CIP -- -- -- OIT Display --
Notes:
• OIT display shows all Mode/Step functions
• Programming of limited set point values and times is allowed from OIT
• Interlocks - pre-treatment unit(s) in regeneration, tank level, alarms
Mode Definition
Operator Selectable Modes:
Offline – Unit does not operate. (Note: Internal automated flush cycle is also disabled)
Service-A – Unit operation is automatic with unit start and stop controlled by the level interlock system. Unit cycles through startup, production and shutdown sequences automatically.
Service-M – Unit operation is continuous (level interlock system is inactive). Unit cycles through startup and production sequences automatically with continuous operation until cycled
to alternate mode.
Forward Flush – Fast water flush thru membrane directly to drain, uses turbulent flow to remove accumulated debris on membrane surface.
Backwash Bottom – Pure water back flushing of membrane fibers thru the bottom supply port connection, designed to remove accumulated debris on membrane exterior.
Backwash Top – Pure water back flushing of membrane fibers thru the top supply port connection, designed to remove accumulated debris on membrane exterior.
CIP – Positions all unit controls and valving for manual cleaning and/or sanitization operations.
Unit Status Modes:
Offline – Unit does not operate.
Service – Unit production of pure water to storage reservoir.
Standby – Unit in service mode waiting for storage reservoir interlock.
Alarm – Unit alarm engaged during operation. Reset of alarm required prior to restart.
Technical Service Bulletin June 2006 TSB140.02
Procedure for Cleaning HYDRAcap Module(s)
This Technical Service Bulletin provides information for cleaning HYDRAcap module(s).
Background
Chemical cleanings for HYDRAcap modules are required when the temperature
corrected specific flux (TCSF) has reached 7 gfd/psi (172 lmh/bar) or when the
transmembrane pressure of the HYDRAcap has reached 20 psi (1.4 bar), Chemical
cleanings are beneficial for removing inorganic, organic and biological material from the
membrane. The following procedure illustrates typical cleaning solution preparation as
well as cleaning procedure. The information presented in this technical bulletin is to be
considered a guideline for cleaning all HYDRAcap products. Variations in chemicals,
flow rates and contact time may prove more effective than those described below.
Verification of cleaning efficacy should be performed after every cleaning by comparing
the start-up TCSF with the post cleaning TCSF. (For more on TCSF, please see
TSB139.)
NOTE: Only use chemicals approved by Hydranautics. Chemicals
not approved may damage the HYDRAcap module and void
warrantees. Do not use oxidants in cleaning solutions that
contain significant amounts of iron, manganese or other transition
metals.
NOTE: A bag filter or other type of filter should be incorporated into
the discharge line of the cleaning loop to minimize solids entering
the module(s). Examples of cleaning skids may be found in the
“HYDRAcap Technical Manual” or contact Hydranautics

Application Technology Department.
Cleaning Solutions
Cleaning solutions are either high pH with an oxidant, or low pH solutions. Generic
chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfite, citric acid,
hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) and sulfuric acid are typically as effective and less
expensive than proprietary cleaning chemicals. Chemical quantities required for the
solutions will not be provided since concentrations will vary relative to make-up water
quality. Removal of precipitated transition metals may be enhanced by the use of
TSB140.02 Page 2
chelating agents (i.e., citric acid, EDTA , DTPA, etc.), or reducing agents (i.e., sodium
bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfite, etc.). Add 22 pounds (10 kg) of chelating agent per 264
3
gallons (1 m ) of solution.
Solution Description pH Hypochlorite Temperature Flow Rate

High pH Solution 12.0 – 13.0 ~50 ppm 32 – 40ºC t15 gpm/module
Low pH Solution 2.0 - 2.5 N/A 32 – 40ºC t15 gpm/module
Preparing Cleaning Solution
1. Ensure proper safety precautions have been met (i.e., goggles, gloves etc.).
2. Ensure adequate ventilation.
3. Fill cleaning tank with UF filtrate, RO permeate or municipal water.
NOTE: When using UF filtrate or municipal water, care should be
taken not to exceed the solubility of sparingly soluble salts (i.e.,
calcium carbonate) upon addition of the cleaning chemicals.
4. Introduce chemicals into the water filled cleaning tank. Never introduce water
into chemicals as extreme heating may occur.
5. Mix solution with a static mixer or via a special recirculation loop after the
cleaning pump discharge. Some cleaning skids may not contain a “mixing loop”
and the other techniques must be used.
6. After mixing ensure that the pH is still in the target range.
Recirculation
The first cleaning solution to be recirculated should be the high pH and oxidant solution.
Once completed, the low pH solution should be recirculated. If the permeability has not
been restored to its’ original start-up value, then repeat recirculation of the high pH and
oxidant solution.
The recommended cleaning flow rate for all HYDRAcap modules is at least 15 gpm
per module. Higher cross flow rates will increase the cleaning efficiency.
NOTE: Pressure drop (feed pressure minus concentrate pressure) across the
fiber cannot exceed 4 psi (0.28 bar).
1. Cleanings should be performed after a backwash to ensure that the membrane

surface and the fibers’ lumen are as clear as possible. This will also flush out
particulate material that is contained in the feedwater and entrapped in the
HYDRABLOC¥.
2. Ensure that the HYDRABLOC¥ to be cleaned is offline and isolated from the
rest of the system.
3. If cleaning is a manual procedure ensure that the cleaning loop connections
have been made (i.e., cleaning solution in, cleaning solution out and filtrate out)
and that the valve positions are set properly.
4. Initial cleaning should entail cleaning only the lumen of the fiber for at least 45
minutes at the proper pH and temperature. This can be accomplished by closing
TSB140.02 Page 3
the filtrate valve on the cleaning skid or on the HYDRABLOC¥ itself. The filtrate
pressure should be less than 10 psi during cleaning.
5. Begin recirculation, at 15 gpm (minimum) per module, through the lumen by
starting the cleaning pump.
6. Begin heating the cleaning solution to 32-40ºC. Never exceed 40ºC or module
damage may occur.
7. Continuously monitor the pH and temperature of the cleaning solution to verify
that they are still in the desired range. Long recirculation periods of the cleaning
solution may slowly heat the cleaning solution.
8. After the 45 minutes has expired, slowly open the filtrate valve and allow a
portion (approx. a third) of the cleaning solution to flow through the membrane
and into the filtrate cleaning return line. The total cleaning flow rate should not
be below 15 gpm per module.
9. Recirculate the solution for 45 minutes.
10. Neutralization of the cleaning solution(s) is often required. If the cleaning skid is
supplied with two cleaning tanks, then the high pH and low pH solutions may be
neutralized by mixing them together. Otherwise, chemical addition or dilution
with water will be required to neutralize the solution(s).
NOTE: Do not neutralize cleaning solution through the module(s) as
excessive heat and membrane damage may occur.
Rinsing
Rinsing is performed by flushing water through the module(s). This is often

accomplished by backwashing. The duration of each backwash step may be altered
to ensure complete rinsing of the cleaning chemicals or multiple backwashes may
be required for the same effect. Some sites may require neutralization of the
backwash effluent prior to discharging it to drain. Discharging the backwash effluent
into the cleaning tank and then neutralizing may be used as an option. It may be
more effective to solely utilize backwashing with UF filtrate to rinse the modules of
the cleaning solution.
NOTE: After cleaning, an integrity test should be performed to verify membrane

“barrier” (see TSB133 for Integrity testing procedure).
Hydranautics
401 Jones Rd.
Oceanside, CA 92054
Tel: (760) 901-2500
Fax: (760) 901-2578
email: info@Hydranautics.com
Technical Service Bulletin June 2006 TSB 136.02
HYDRAcap Module Assembly Procedure

This Technical Service Bulletin is related to installing and removing end caps on
HYDRAcap modules.
Introduction
When HYDRAcap fiber integrity loss is detected, the isolated module needs to
undergo bubble testing to enable fiber repair. To perform this test, the module is
removed from the skid and module end caps must be detached. This same
procedure should be followed when implementing o-ring or end cap replacements.
Due diligence is required to prevent part damage and ensure pressure vessel
integrity.
TSB 136.02 recommends two people for lifting and carrying modules. The
estimated time for removal and installation of end cap and related components is
approximately 15 minutes per module.
Tools Needed:
1. Rubber Mallet
2. Crescent Wrench
3. 9/16” Wrench
To Dismantle Module:
1. Stop HYDRAcap UF system.
2. Release system pressure.
3. Drain rack
4. Disconnect Victaulic clamps from all module ports then drain module.
5. Release vessel from frame brackets and remove module from skid.
6. Vertically place module on ground upon a flat smooth surface.
7. Remove bolts, washers, split washers and nuts from stainless steel clamp half
Sections (Part #11541.1000) at both top and bottom of Module.
8. Disconnect clamp half sections from module.
9. Grasp ported end cap (Part #11536.0000) with both hands. Using short rotations
and forcing upwards, disconnect end cap from shell. Although a rubber
mallet may be used to assist in end cap removal, do not use any metallic
tools,. Shell and end cap are made from plastic and irreversible damage on
sealing surfaces may occur.
10. Remove product end adapter (Part #11539.1000).
11. Turn module upside down.
12. Grasp non-ported end cap with both hands (Part #11537.0000). Using short
rotations and forcing upwards, disconnect end cap from shell. Although a
rubber mallet may be used to assist in end cap removal, do not use any
metallic tools. Shell and end cap are made from plastic and irreversible
damage on sealing surfaces may occur.
13. Remove bottom core tube plug (Part #11540.1000).
14. Module is now completely disassembled.
To Assemble Module:
1. Gather all parts needed for assembly.
2. Thoroughly clean all surfaces that contact o-ring.
3. Visually check all o-rings for damage. If required, replace damaged o-rings.
4. Apply lubricant over all o-ring surfaces.
5. Engage core tube plug (Part #11540.1000) into core tube.
6. Slide non-ported end cap (Part #11537.0000) onto module by pushing down and
twisting until seated to shell. Since o-ring seals tightly, use a rubber mallet to
strike end cap on the raised fin-like supporting sections to assist
engagement. Do not use excessive force. Frequently check alignment of
both parts.
7. Attach stainless steel clamp half sections (Part #11541.1000). If end cap is
correctly oriented, then clamp half Sections should fit easily over end cap
and whell. Attach bolts, washers, split washers and nuts. Use appropriate
tools to partially tighten clamps.
8. Turn module upside down.
9. Attach product end adapter (Part #11539.1000).
10. Slide the remaining ported end cap (Part #11537.0000) onto module by
pushing down and twisting until seated to Shell. Since o-ring seals tightly,
use a rubber mallet to strike end cap on the raised fin-like supporting
sections to assist engagement. Do not use excessive force. Frequently
check alignment of both parts.
11. Attach stainless steel clamp half sections (Part #11541.1000). If end cap is
correctly oriented, then clamp half sections should fit easily over end cap
and shell. Twist bottom and top end caps to achieve proper side port
vertical alignment. attach bolts, washers, split washers and nuts. Use
appropriate tools to completely tighten upper and lower clamp half Section
assemblies.
13. Module is completely and securely assembled.
Hydranautics
401 Jones Rd.
Oceanside, CA 92054
Tel: (760) 901-2500
Fax: (760) 901-2664
www.membranes.com
Technical Service Bulletin January 2005, TSB 134.02
Bubble Testing and Fiber Repair.
This Technical Service Bulletin provides information for locating compromised fibers
within a HYDRAcap module, their isolation and repair.
General
Bubble Testing
Once a module has been determined to have a leak, from integrity testing (see TSB133),
the module must be removed from the HYDRABLOC or rack to be bubble tested. Bubble
testing is used to determine location of the leak(s). When the module is properly fitted
with Hydranautics’ bubble test apparatus (see Drawing M51181-G), it then becomes a
matter of watching for bubble formation from the leak source. Continuous large bubble
formation will be indicative of a compromised fiber. The following will be required to
perform a bubble test:
♦ Hydranautics’ bubble test apparatus.
♦ Table, saw horses or other support structure.
♦ Air hose with ¼” (NPT) male pipe thread.
♦ Pressurized air (oil free) and pressure regulator set to 15 psi (1 bar).
♦ Tools for removing HYDRAcap module end caps (see TSB136).
♦ A water source to fill bubble test apparatus.
♦ A flashlight is useful for viewing the fiber ends and locating specific leaks.
1. Drain water from HYDRABLOC or rack. Remove suspect module(s) and seal
manifold piping connections with caps (not supplied).
2. Disassemble module (see TSB136).
3. The module should be supported horizontally at least three feet above ground for
effective usage of the apparatus.
4. Attach tension rod (PN: 11620.1000 for 40” module or 11620.0000 for 60” module)
to product plug adapter (PN: 11611.1000).
5. Insert rod through the module core tube such that O-rings of the product plug
adapter engage into the core tube.
6. Attach bubble test apparatus endcap encasements (PN: 11570.0000) to both
module ends. Ensure that the Tygon tubing seals (PN: 11580.2000) are engaged.
7. Tighten clamping knobs (PN: 11623.0000) to secure endcap encasements.
8. Fill endcap encasements with water. Ensure that water fills the core tube and
filtrate area of the module.
TSB 134.02
9. Connect product end adapter (PN: 11568.1000) to other end of tension rod. The
O-rings of the product end adapter must engage into the core tube after tightening
is completed (see figure 1.).
NOTE: All fibers should be completely immersed in water. Be aware that upon
pressurization, this water will be pushed thru the fibers and will overflow the test
apparatus.
10. Connect air source with female quick connection (provided with apparatus).
11. Slowly introduce pressurized air into the module. At this point, water should
overflow the encasements. After all the water from the filtrate has been displaced
by air, leaking fibers will then be evident by the presence of streaming bubbles.
12. Observe bubble formation on both sides of the module. Compromised fibers will
show large continuous bubble formation. If the fiber damage is severe, extremely
vigorous bubbling will obscure vision. If this occurs, reduce the pressure and
proceed.
NOTE: Small bubbles are common and a result of air diffusion through membrane
pores. Diffusion rates are proportional to air pressure so initial bubble testing at
lower pressure (i.e., 5 psi) may be beneficial.
13. If a compromised fiber is located, it must be “marked” by plugging it with a fiber
repair pin (PN: 11612.0000).
14. Once all suspected leaking fibers have been “marked”, shut off air supply and
bleed air from the module.
15. Loosen clamping knobs and disengage O-ring on endcap encasements such that
the water is drained from the module.
16. Remove endcap encasements from the module.
Fiber Repair
To restore integrity (“membrane barrier”) of the module, all leaking fibers should be
isolated or rendered inactive by permanently plugging them with Hydranautics’ repair
pins. The polysulfone pins are permanently bonded to the inside fiber wall by first
applying Loctite 4061 adhesive to the pins and then pressing them into the leaking fiber.
The following items are required for fiber repair:
♦ Hydranautics’ repair pins (PN: 11612.0000) – 6 pins per assembly
♦ Loctite cyanoacrylate 4061 adhesive.
♦ Utility knife or razor blade.
1. At this point the module should be depressurized, drained of all water and the
“marker” repair pins should be inside suspect fibers. Apply the Loctite adhesive to
a new pin, immediately remove a “marker” pin, and replace it with the new pin.
Repeat as necessary.
2. The bonding of the pins should take no more than one minute. Carefully remove
any residual length of pin with a utility knife or blade.
3. Repeat bubble test, with special care to check at low pressure 0.5psi and slowly up
to 15psi to verify no leaks are present.
4. Reassemble module (see TSB136).
5. When all modules are completed, verify Integrity by performing an integrity test
(see TSB133).
2
TSB 134.02
Encasement – end view
Bubble test apparatus – during bubble testing.
3
TSB 134.02
4
Technical Service Bulletin March 2002 TSB133.02
Integrity Testing for HYDRAcap Module.

This Technical Service Bulletin provides information for testing the integrity of the

HYDRAcap module in a HYDRABLOC™.
Integrity Testing
Occasionally, a HYDRAcap fiber may break, resulting in a loss of integrity. Broken fibers
compromise the filtrate quality by allowing the passage of particulate matter. Though a
broken fiber(s) may not be noticeable from the measured turbidity of the filtrate, drinking
water systems in particular may require the detection and isolation of broken fibers. The
integrity test utilizes oil free air at 15 psi (1.0 bar) to identify HYDRAcap modules with
broken fibers.
1. Shut down the HYDRABLOC™ to be tested.
2. Relieve pressure in the feed/concentrate, within the HYDRABLOC™, by opening
the drain valves on the feed (feed bottom) and concentrate (feed top) manifold
(5-10 seconds).
3. Any filtrate valves on the HYDRABLOC™ should remain open to atmospheric
pressure.
4. After the equilibration of the feed/concentrate pressure (5-10 seconds), close the
concentrate (feed top) valve of the HYDRABLOC™, and introduce oil free air
(@15 psi) to the concentrate manifold (feed top).
5. After the feed side has drained (5-15 minutes), close drain valves and allow
HYDRABLOC™ to pressurize.
6. Once the HYDRABLOC™ has reached 15 psi of air pressure wait 2 minutes
before continuing.
7. If the HYDRABLOC™ does not pressurize to the desired 15 psi, it may be
necessary to inspect the HYDRABLOC™ for air leaks.
8. Close air supply valve and ensure filtrate effluent valve remains open.
9. Monitor the pressure decay of the feed air pressure for 5 to 10 minutes,
dependent on the number of modules in the HYDRABLOC™. See Figure 1. for
examples of pressure decay due to one broken fiber. If pressure decay is
excessive a visual inspection of the decay will be required (see step 11).
TSB133.02 Page 2
10. Diffusion of air through the water filled pores of the membrane will lead to a
pressure decay of approximately 0.03-0.04 psi (20-30 mbar) for a 24 module
HYDRABLOC™ in 5 minutes (dependent on the volume of the pipework
manifolds, etc.). A single broken fiber in a 24 module rack will give a pressure
decay in excess of 0.07 psi (50 mbar) in 5 minutes, so a decay of 0.07 psi in 5
minutes is normally used to indicate the presence of a single broken fiber for this
size of rack.
11. To identify the module(s) with the broken fiber(s), repeat the test while visually
inspecting the clear piece of filtrate piping leaving each module on the filtrate port
side. Significant amount of air bubbles will be observed in this pipe if the

HYDRAcap module has a broken fiber(s). Note that small air passage is normal
due to air diffusion through the membrane. Only sharp differences in air flow
between two neighboring HYDRAcap modules will expose a leaking module. A
slight buzzing or vibrating noise may also be an indication of a leaking module.
12. Mark any leaking modules for subsequent repair.
13. After the 5 to 10 minutes pressure hold test period, open the feed and
concentrate valves.
14. Repair modules with broken fibers and reconnect to the HYDRABLOC™
manifold. (See TSB 134 for repair instructions).
15. Forward flush to remove trapped air from the HYDRABLOC™ (15-30 seconds).
16. The HYDRABLOC™ is now ready for processing.
NOTE: Air release valves at the top of the feed and concentrate manifold may
be required to remove any remaining trapped air and prevent water hammer.
TSB133.02 Page 3
Figure 1. HYDRABLOC™ Pressure Decay Rates

with One Broken Fiber
12 0.8
0.7
10
0.6
8
0.5
Pressure, bar
Pressure, psi
6 0.4
0.3
4
0.2
2
0.1
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Pressure Decay Time, minutes
10xHYDRAcap60 24xHYDRAcap60 20xHYDRAcap60
48xHYDRAcap60 Diffusion Only (No Breaks) Single Module
Hydranautics
401 Jones Rd.
Oceanside, CA 92054
Tel: (760) 901-2500
Fax: (760) 901-2578
email: info@Hydranautics.com

Ipure Hfuf O&m Manual

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Unit Operating &

Proudly Manufactured By:

2.0 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ..............................................................................................................................2

3.0 FEED WATER....................................................................................................................................................................3

5.0 GENERAL OPERATION .................................................................................................................................................5

6.0 CLEANING AND FLUSHING.........................................................................................................................................6

7.0 MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................................................7

8.0 TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................................................................................................................12

9.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ................................................................................................................................................13

Some operating definitions are in order to further understand your machine:

1.2 Flow Description

2.0 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

2.2 Plumbing and Pneumatic Air Connections

3.0 FEED WATER

3.1 The feed water must:

3.2 Precipitation and Recovery

Check rotation on all pumps by “bumping” the motor contact circuit.

5.0 GENERAL OPERATION

5.1 Booster Pump

5.2 Inlet Pre-filter Module

5.3 Membranes (MF, UF)

5.3.3 Check the rotation of pump (see Pump Instructions).

5.4 Backwash Pump

5.5 Troubleshooting Poor Rejection

5.6 High Concentrate Flow

5.7 Membrane Replacement

5.8 Daily Loq Sheet

5.9 Operating Controls

6.0 CLEANING AND FLUSHING

6.1.4 System is ready to operate.

6.2 Cleaning (Membrane)

6.3 Cleaning for Extended Shutdowns

7.1 GENERAL MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES

7.2 VESSEL MAINTENANCE

7.3 PIPING MAINTENANCE

7.4 SCREENS AND FILTER MAINTENANCE

7.5 RESIN AND MEMBRANE MAINTENANCE

7.6 STRAINER SCREENS (VESSEL OUTLET)

7.7 FEED SOURCE AND PRODUCT STORAGE

7.8 CUSTOMER SUPPLIED EQUIPMENT

7.9 ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURES

7.10 CONTACT SWITCHES

7.11 CONTROL PANELS

7.12 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

7.12.1 VESSEL INTERNAL PROBLEMS

7.12.2 EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS

7.12.3 PUMP PROBLEMS

7.12.4 VALVE AND PIPING PROBLEMS

7.12.5 INSTRUMENT PROBLEMS

7.12.6 PRESSURE DROPS

7.12.7 DISASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS

7.12.8 TIGHTENING OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS

7.12.9 VESSEL WINDOW PROBLEMS (IF EQUIPTED)

7.12.10 SYSTEM LEAKS

7.12.11 SAMPLING AND TESTING

7.12.12 FLOW RATES

7.12.13 FEED QUALITY

7.12.17 CORROSION AND CONTAMINATION

7.12.18 INSTRUMENT VIBRATION

7.12.19 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATIONS

7.12.20 PROBLEMS WITH NOISE

7.13 RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE

MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE RECOMMENDED INTERVAL