BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

THE FACTORS AND CAUSES AFFECTING TEACHERS IN

DISTANCE-TEACHING IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC
(COVID 19) AT BESTLINK COLLEGE
OF THE PHILIPPINES”

A Research Study
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School
Bestlink College of the Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Practical Research Subject

By:

Jester Cabutotan
Francheska Ortizo
Jenny Mae Fenis
Rosalinda Cañete

2021

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APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled, “The Factors and Causes Affecting

Teachers in Distance-Teaching in Times of Pandemic (Covid19) at Bestlink College
of the Philippines”. Prepared and submitted by: Jester Cabutotan,
Francheska Ortizo, Jenny Mae Fenis, Rosalinda Cañete and Marille Joy Boqueo in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical Research 2, has been
examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.

MR. JOEL J. ALMAZAN

RESEARCH ADVISER

ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE

Approved by the Committee on oral examination with the grade of _______.

JUAN DE LA CRUZ JUANA CHANGE

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Senior High School Department.

DATE Dr. Nenita D. Makalintal

SHS Research Director

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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The researchers would like to acknowledge the following:

Above all, our heavenly praise GOD, Almighty and the greatest of all sources of
inspiration and learning. For giving all the blessings to the researchers by which this research
made possible through him.
Dr. Mary M. Vicente, President of the Bestlink College of the Philippines, for giving
the opportunity and approval to do this Action Research.
Dr. Charlie I. Cariño, Executive Vice President for academic affairs of Bestlink
College of the Philippines and current Principal of Senior High Department, for giving us this
opportunity to do research papers and for his continuous supports.
Engr. Diosdado T. Lleno, Vice President for Administration of Bestlink College of
the Philippines for letting us to conduct this study with his support.
Dr. Nenita Makalintal, Senior High school Research Coordinator and Panel, for
giving us the opportunity to present and accomplish our research.
Mrs. Milagros C. Edillor, HUMSS Strand Head for making this research possible
and for helping and guiding us to do our research.
Mr. Joel J. Almazan, our Research Project Adviser, for his guidance, imparting his
knowledge.

DEDICATION

Every Challenging
work needs effort as well as
guidance of elders especially those
were very close to our heart. We the researchers
humble effort dedicated this study to our sweet and loving.
Father and Mother, whose affection, love, encouragement
And prays of day and night make them able to
Get such success and honor, along with
All hard working and respected
Teachers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Acknowledgement 3
Dedication 4
CHAPTER 1 PAGE
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 3
Statement of the Problem 4
Assumption 4
Scope and Limitation 5
Importance of the study 5
Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Local Literature (2) 6
Foreign Literature (2) 7
Local Studies (2) 7
Foreign Studies (2) 8
Synthesis 9
Conceptual Framework 9
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Methodology 14
Research Design 15
Sampling of the Study 16
Respondents of the study 17
Statistical Treatment of the Data 18
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Sub Problem #1 19
Sub Problem #2 20
Sub Problem #3 21
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Chapter 1

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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, statement of the
problem, assumptions, scope and limitation of the study, significance of the study and
the definition of terms.

INTRODUCTION
According to serintel.org, Online distance education is a preparation approach
that does not require the frontline participation of students rather than
instructors. A creative model for offering a distance learning course includes the
participation of audio/video teacher at the same time as students. Coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus
virus. The global closing of educational institutions would trigger significant
interference of student learning; disruption of internal evaluations; and the cancelation
of public assessments of skills or their substitution by a weaker substitute. The
researchers decided to make a paper to identify the different causes affecting teachers
in distance-teaching in times of pandemic. Distance learning, also known as distance
learning, e-learning and online learning, a type of education that involves the physical
separation of teachers and students during teaching, and the use of different
technology to promote student-teacher and student-student contact.

The COVID 19 pandemic has a great impact in education. Students, teachers,

and other school staffs are adjusting because of the new normal. Some school uses
modular learning, and some uses online learning. In this research, the factors of the
distance learning that the researcher will present have an impact to the teacher,
students and school staffs.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determine the factors and causes affecting teachers in
distance-teaching in times of pandemic (COVID 19). Specifically, this study will seek
answer the following questions:

1. What are difficulties that students and teachers will encounter in distance
learning?
2. What are the factors affect the teachers in distance learning?
3. Why distance learning is reliable in pandemic?
4. How can I help to the teachers in this kind of system?
5. As a student, what can you do to help the teachers in this kind of educational
system?
ASSUMPTION

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Myth #1- Most of the teachers and students struggled on the distance learning that
implemented by the government to avoid the virus.
Fact- Distance learning is implemented to continue the studying of the students and to have a
job for the school or education staffs.
Myth #2- Distance learning has a mental health issues that commit for the students to suicide
due to the schools’ tasks or activities.
Fact- Distance learning helps the teachers and students to become more productive and
knowledgeable even that there is a pandemic or virus.
Myth #3- There must be a concrete reason why some of the students and teachers felt
struggled or under pressured on distance learning such as passing and receiving schoolwork
that cause to some people to think that there totally stressed.
Fact- As much as we accustomed to the process of distance learning it can be easily adapted
by the teachers, students, and educational staffs. Distance learning can facilitate as well as we
are practicing it in daily life.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The only concerns of this study are the selected students and teachers from
Humanities and Social Sciences strand and will not be related with any other grade
level which will cover at least (5) students and (5) teachers. It will be solely focusing
on the experience of teachers and students in Distance-Teaching in Times of Pandemic
This study is limited to know about what are the Factors and Causes Affecting
Teachers in Distance-Teaching in Times of Pandemic at Bestlink College of the
Philippines during the school year 2019-2020.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study may be deemed important of the following:

School Administrators- This study can help the school administrators to help to lessen the
cases of COVID 19 of the students and to avoid gatherings because of the protocol that the
government implemented. School Administrators should continue this practice during remote
learning.

Teachers- This study can help the school administrators to help to lessen the cases of COVID
19 of the students and to avoid gatherings because of the protocol that the government
implemented. School Administrators should continue this practice during remote learning.

Students- to give knowledge that will inspire them to be educated and give them
knowledge about the factors of distance learning about adjusting in the new normal.

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Future Researchers- This study research may serve as a basis of a relevant study to
be conduct to the near future and gives some knowledge for those who are wanting to
discuss about distance learning.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For a better understanding of this study the following terms are defined in the
context of this research:
Pandemic- is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large
region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number
of people.
Virus- is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells
of an organism.
Disruption- disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, activity, or process.
Asynchronous learning- is a general term used to describe forms of education,
instruction, and learning that do not occur in the same place or at the same time.
Synchronous- existing or occurring at the same time.
Paralyze- partly or wholly incapable of movement.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization, and others that
are useful in their study. This section presents the different perception, and concepts of
the different authors that relevant to this study.

Local Literature

According to Selma Ayse Ozel, (2016), Distance education, now sometimes

referred to as distance learning or e-learning, has existed for centuries. Although, as
Keegan states, "the ideas surrounding the educational effort are somewhat similar," it
is not easy to find a single concept of distance learning. Although, according to North,
a few meanings also attempt to describe it in terms of a particular technology,
according to long-distance education, others merely indicate distance learning as a
recent advancement of a class to a distant area. However, those concepts are rigid and
do not consider the real needs of consumers of distance learning.

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As stated by Marquez R. et al. (2017), Incorporating distance education to

implement IPE can be an opportunity to develop team collaboration and
communication skills among students. Teaching models presented in this review have
the potential to be adapted to methods that leverage the power of evolving technology.
Further research is needed to understand which distance education instructional
delivery models best maximize the IPE experience.

Foreign Literature

As stated by Lynette Watts (2016), Distance learning is widespread in higher

education, with increasing percentages of students benefiting from e-learning
versatility. Holding students in contact with classmates and professors has been a
challenge. E-learning, but as technology has progressed, the approaches used by
educators to hold students involved, synchronously and asynchronously, have also
changed. Distance learning is no longer an exception for higher education. Students
now attend classes with them on their iPads, mobile phones, and other electronic
devices. Instead of being made to sit in the classroom for hours, prefer the flexibility
of engaging in their educational experiences in settings of their preference.

According to Durak G. et al. (2017), The present study aimed at presenting

the results of content analysis on Master’s Theses carried out in the field of distance
education at higher education level in Turkey between 1986 and 2015. A total of 285
Master's Theses were examined to determine the key words, academic disciplines,
research areas, theoretical frameworks, research designs and models, statistical
analyses, data collection tools, participants, instructional design models,
variables/research focus and related institutions. Therefore, the study is considered to
be important since it tried to reveal the research trends of distance education in Turkey
and to determine the related research trends.

Local Studies

According to Gabriel Gonzales Valero (2020), the year 2020 was marked by
the onset of coronavirus disease in 2019. (COVID-19). This epidemic has entered
many countries and has paralyzed the lives of many people who have been forced to
remain in confinement at home. A variety of studies have tried to examine the effects
of this pandemic from multiple perspectives; nevertheless, this research would pay
attention to how it has impacted and how it may affect children between 0 and 12
years in the future after the closure of schools for months.

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As stated by Stara Zagora (2016), The development of distance learning is

related to changing economic, social and technical factors. Improved literacy more
rigorous education is required. Distance education offers everyone the ability to learn
all their lives. For its life, the means of communication mail, mass media, the Internet
are important. Distance learning relies on the advancement of information and
communication technology. It can be as effective as formal education when sufficient
strategies and technology are in place to incorporate it.

Foreign Studies

As stated by Kara M. et al. (2019), Although online distance education

provides adult learners with an opportunity for life-long learning, there are still factors
challenging them to engage in educational processes. The purpose of this study is to
explore the challenges faced by adult learners in online distance education through the
analysis of the relevant literature.

According to Clarence Ng. (2019), A major trend was that past research has
focused predominantly on learners’ motivational attributes using sociocognitive
models of motivation. We therefore have developed a good understanding of
motivating variables such as self-efficacy and their power in engaging learners.
However, this can be problematic because sociocognitive research situates motivation
within an individualistic paradigm with limited attention given to examining whether
learning supports and instructional designs in open and distance learning mediate and
motivate learning engagement. Building on the review, this article seeks to shift the
research attention from whether learners are motivated to crafting an open and
distance learning system that is motivating and engaging by tapping into multiple
motivation sources available beyond the confines of an individualistic frame.

SYNTHESIS

The findings of the study synthesized here are highly relevant to the
researchers’ ideas. First, the researchers planning to develop the study about the
factors and causes of affecting the teachers in distance teaching. The related studies,
literature and other findings help the researchers to further describe, analyze and
identify studies about distance teaching.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

-Distance Learning
due to pandemic Data analysis
through survey
-Teacher response questionnaire an
informal interview
To determine the
Factors and Causes
Affecting Teachers in
Distance Teaching in
Times of Pandemic
(Covid-19) at
Bestlink College of
the Philippines.

FIGURE 1

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researchers’ discussed about the research design,
respondents of the study, sampling technique, research instrument used, validation of
the instrument and the data gathering and statistical treatment of data.

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study employs a correlational research design. Certain questions are
designed to draw out responses on specific information about the factors and causes
affecting teachers in distance-teaching in times of pandemic (Covid19) at Bestlink
College of the Philippines on the respondents. The statistical technique we used to
acquire the data of the respondents.

Respondents Survey Questionnaire

Results
(Teachers and Students) and Informal Interview

Figure 2

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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents were 15 Grade 12 students of Bestlink College of the Philippines
and 15 highschool teachers in different schools with specific criterion of being a student and
teacher in their school. Also, they must have common knowledge regarding Distance
Learning. Lastly, the respondents must be honest when answering the survey questions. The
respondents were determined through probability sampling specifically, stratified sampling.
Meanwhile, with a 10% margin of error, the sample size was determined through the use of
Slovin’s Formula (n= N/1+Ne2) where n=sample size, N=total population, and e=margin of
error.

SAMPLING OF THE STUDY

This study is conducted to assess the factors and causes affecting teachers in
distance-teaching in times of pandemic (Covid19) at Bestlink College of the
Philippines. This focus of this assessment is to select randomly people respondents
especially to the people who are involved to this study.

In order to collect necessary data, the researchers utilize a purposive sampling,

as the researchers believe that this technique can reach and target samples quickly.
The selection of the respondents has based on the objectives of the study.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
The methods used were a study questionnaire and a casual interview checklist
to collect the data needed for the student profile. The draft questionnaire was drawn
up on the basis of the researcher's readings, prior articles, scholarly literature,
publications and unpublished thesis applicable to the report. In the preparation of this
study, the criteria for the design of a successful data collection instrument were
considered, for example, a declaration identifying circumstances or issues related to
tones down to reflect the knowledge preparedness of the respondents.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The study used survey as data gathering instrument. Specifically, it used Survey
Questionnaire about Distance-Teaching. It is all about knowing how teachers and students
suffering when it comes online class and how they survive to that educational system. It is
computed by rating guidelines every score you get has a meaning.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The collected data from the given survey questionnaire needed a statistical treatment
for data analysis and tabulation. As the study aims to measure the relationship of the
variables, the statistical treatment used was “The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
Coefficient”, also known as “Pearson’s r” formula, which was derived by a British Statistican
named Karl Pearson (n.d.).

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The formula is: where r=coefficient of correlation,

r= nΣxy – (Σx)(Σy)
√ [n(Σx2) – (Σx)2 n(Σy2) – (Σy)2]

n=sample size, x= first set of variables Depression, and y=second set of variables Study
habits.

CHAPTER 4
Results and Discussion

All the data processed in the study are deliberated in this chapter through
analysis, interpretation, and presentation about the factors and causes affecting teachers in
distance-teaching in times of pandemic (Covid19).

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