Example 16: Column P-M Interaction Diagram
Draw interaction diagram for the given short column 2.5" 2.5"
Data: 24"
Column type = Short
fc' = 4000 psi β1 = 0.85
fy = 60000 psi εy = 0.00207
b = 14 in
h = 24 in 14"
d' = 2.5 in
Ten. bars = 3 # 9
Compr. bars = 3 # 9
As = 3 in², [Ab = 1 in², bar area ]
As' = 3 in², [Ab = 1 in², bar area ]
3 # 9 bars # 3 rings 3 # 9 bars
d= h - d' = 21.5 in
Pn
For interaction diagram take compression as +ve and tension as -ve.
Mn
1. Pure axial load, Mn = 0
Pn = +Asfy + As'fy + 0.85 fc' (bh - As - As')
Pn = +3 x 60 +3 x 60 +0.85 x 4 (14 x 24 - 3 - 3)
Pn = 1482 kip
Mn = 0 k-ft
2. Balance Point, εc = 0.003, εs = 0.00207
εs'
cb = 0.003 d / (0.00207 +0.003) εs εc = 0.003 .
cb = 0.003 x 21.5 /(0.00207+0.003)
cb = 12.72 in
a= 0.85 x 12.72= 10.812 in c or cb
εs' = 0.003 x (cb - d') / cb = 0.00241
fs' = fy = 60000 psi
d
Pn = -Asfy + As'fs' + 0.85 fc' (ba-As')
Pn = -3 x 60 +3 x 60 +0.85 x 4 x (14 x 10.812 - 3)
Pn = 504.4512 kip
Mn = +Asfy (d - h/2) + As' fs' (h/2-d') - 0.85 fc' (ba-As') (h/2 - a/2)
Mn = + 3 x 60 (21.5 - 24/2) + 3 x 60 (24/2 - 2.5) + 0.85 x 4 x (14 x 10.812 - 3) x (24/2 - 10.812/2)
Mn = 6746.35 k-in
Mn = 562.2 k-ft
3. Pure Tension, Steel only, no contribution from concrete
Pn = -Asfy - As'fy
Pn = -3 x 60 -3 x 60
Pn = -360 kip
Mn = 0 k-ft
4. Tension control limit pt., εc = 0.003, εs = 0.005
c = 0.003 d / (0.005 +0.003)
c = 0.003 x k-in /(0.005+0.003)
c= 8.06 in
a= 0.85 x 8.06= 6.851 in
εs' = 0.003 x (c - d') / c = 0.00207
fs' = fy = 60000 psi
Pn = -Asfy + As'fs' + 0.85 fc' (ba-As')
Pn = -3 x 60 +3 x 60 +0.85 x 4 x (14 x 6.851 - 3)
Pn = 315.9076 kip
Mn = +Asfy (d - h/2) + As' fs' (h/2-d') - 0.85 fc' (ba-As') (h/2 - a/2)
Mn = + 3 x 60 (21.5 - 24/2) + 3 x 60 (24/2 - 2.5) + 0.85 x 4 x (14 x 6.851 - 3) x (24/2 - 6.851/2)
Mn = 6128.75 k-in
Mn = 510.73 k-ft
5. Points above balance failure point on compression side, c > cb:
Let c = cb + (h-cb)/2 = 18 in
a = 0.85 x 18= 15.3 in
εs' = 0.003 x (c - d') / c = 0.00300
fs' = fy = 60000 psi
εs = 0.003 x (d - c) / c = 0.00058
fs = 0.00058 x Es = 16917 psi
Pn = -Asfs + As'fs' + 0.85 fc' (ba-As')
Pn = -3 x 16.917 +3 x 60 +0.85 x 4 x (14 x 15.3 - 3)
Pn = 847.329 kip
Mn = +Asfy (d - h/2) + As' fs' (h/2-d') + 0.85 fc' b a (h/2 - a/2)
Mn = + 3 x 16.917 (21.5 - 24/2) + 3 x 60 (24/2 - 2.5) + 0.85 x 4 x (14 x 15.3 - 3) x (24/2 - 15.3/2)
Mn = 5315.783 k-in
Mn = 442.98 k-ft
6. Points below the balance failure point on tension side, c < cb:
Let c = cb / 2 = 6 in
a = 0.85 x 6= 5.1 in
εs' = 0.003 x (c - d') / c = 0.00175
fs' = 0.00175 x Es = 50750 psi
εs = 0.003 x (d - c) / c = 0.00775
fs = fy = 60000 psi
Pn = -Asfs + As'fs' + 0.85 fc' ba
Pn = -3 x 60 +3 x 50.75 +0.85 x 4 x 14 x 5.1
Pn = 215.01 kip
Mn = +Asfy (d - h/2) + As' fs' (h/2-d') + 0.85 fc' (ba-As') (h/2 - a/2)
Mn = + 3 x 60 (21.5 - 24/2) + 3 x 50.75 (24/2 - 2.5) + 0.85 x 4 x (14 x 5.1 - 3) x (24/2 - 5.1/2)
Mn = 5354.067 k-in
Mn = 446.17 k-ft
7. The interaction diagram:
Unfactored Factored
Mn (k-ft) Pn (k) Remarks øMn (k-ft) øPn (k) Remarks
0 1482 Pure Axial Compr. 0 963 Pure Axial Compr.
443 847 Point above balance 288 551 Point above balance
562 504 Balance failure point 365 328 Balance failure point
511 316 Tension limit 460 284 Tension limit
446 215 Point below balance 401 194 Point below balance
0 -360 Pure tension 0 -324 Pure tension
Column PM Interaction Diagram
1500
0, 1482
1300
1100
900
443, 847
700
Pn (øPn), kip
562, 504
500
300 511, 316
446, 215
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-100
-300
0, -360
-500
Mn / (øMn), k-ft
