BI TP LN L THUYT T

TNH TON SC KO T
Ging vin hng dn: LU VN TUN
Sinh vin thc hin : Nguyn Mnh on
Lp : T-k53
SHSV:20080683
BI
loi xe
Ti

BxH

ng
c
xng

2000x211
0

nmax (v/ph) G (N)

3350

Vmax (km/h)

98

0,0
2

65000

16

BI LM
1.XY DNG NG C TNH NGOI
Tnh cng sut cn thit ca ng c s dng cnh thc
GfVmax CFVm3ax 1
(3.7)
Nv =
+
3
3
3,
6.10
93,3.10

t
G trng lng ton xe : G=65000 N
f h s cn ln : f =0,02
vn tc cc i : Vmax =98 km/h
mt khng kh : = 1, 24kg / m3
h s kh ng ca xe : C=0,7
F din tch chnh din ca xe : F=BxH=2x2,11=4,22 m
t hiu sut h thng truyn lc: t = 0,85
Thay s vo ta c
65000.0, 02.98 1, 24.0, 7.4, 22.983 1
Nv =
+
0,85 = 85,11(kw)
3, 6.103
93,3.103

nV 3350
=
= 3722, 22(v / ph)
Tnh nN p dng iu kin : nV = 0,9nN nN =
0,9 0,9
( nV = nmax = 3350v / ph )
N emax =

NV
2

85,11
= 86, 76kw
0,9 + 0,92 0,93

nV nV nV
+
nN nN nN
ng c ch cn cng sut 88,84 kw khc phc lc cn chuyn ng v trn xe cn
nhiu trang thit b khc nn ta them vo 30% cng sut nh vy chn ng c lp ln xe
c cng sut NV = 1,3.86, 76 = 112, 78kw
Tnh

ta lp bng xy dng ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c

s dng cng thc
2
3
n
ne
ne
e
N e = Nemax a + b c vi a=b=c =1 vi ng c xng
nV
nV
nV
7612 N e (kw)
Me =
( Nm )
ne (v / ph)
BNG 1
ne(v/ph)
Ne(kw)
Me(Nm)
3722.2
2
86.76
222.62

744.44
20.13
258.24

1116.66
31.49
269.37

1488.88
43.03
276.05

1861.11
54.23
278.28

2233.33
64.55
276.05

2605.55
73.49
269.37

2977.77
80.51
258.24

3350
85.11
242.66

4094.44
84.94
198.13

2 TNH T S TRUYN CA H THNG TRUYN LC

S truyn ng trn t

ng c
Me;

HTTL

B/xe

-ng c vi cc thng s momen xon Me va vn tc e

-HTTL vi cc thng s nc s cp s , it t s truyn v hiu sut truyn lc t
-Bnh xe c thng s M k ; b momen ko v vn tc vng bnh xe
2.1 chn s cp s
chn n=5
2.2 Tnh s truyn ca cc cp s
2.2.1 c s tnh ton
Ta cha th tnh ngay c t s truyn ca cc cp s ,trc ht ta tnh hai im c
bit bit cc thng s
-xe chy trn ng c h s cn cc i ( max )

cn mmen M kmax
M k = Me.it .t
M k max it max
Ta c iu kin khc phc lc ln nht t ng
M emax .itmax
t G max
rb
G max rb
itmax
M e maxt
Ngoi ra phi tho mn iu kin bm

(3.13)

M emax .itmax
t G . (3.14)
rb
Cng thc 3.13 dng tnh ton , cng thc 3.14 dng kim tra
Tnh ton thay s
G trng lng ton b xe G=65000 N
max h s c tng cng

max = f + imax = f + tgmax = 0, 02 + tg160 = 0, 02 + 0, 28 = 0,30

rb bn knh bnh xe ; rb = .r ; = 0,930 0,935 p sut lp thp
r bn knh thiy k chn loi lp 9.00-20 (B-d)

ta c

r=

1
1
( 2 B + d ) 25, 4 = ( 2.9 + 20 ) .25, 4 = 482, 6mm
2
2

chn lp p sut thp = 0,93 rb = 0,93.482, 6 = 448,8cm 0, 45m

Memax mmen ko cc i Memax= 221,78 Nm
Thay s
itmax

G max rb 65000.0,30.0, 45
=
= 37, 09
M e maxt
278, 28.0,85

-xe chy vn tc cc i Vmax

Vmax =
it min

e max
.rb
it min
n (v / ph)
= 0,377 emax
.rb (m)
Vmax (km / h)

(3.16)

nemax = 3350(v / ph);Vmax = 98(km / h)

imin = 0,377

3350
.0, 45 = 5.79
98

2.2.2 Tnh cc cp s trung gian

ta chn phn b cp s nhn
it1 = a.it 2 ; it 2 = a.it 3 .....in 1 = a.in
(3.20)

itmax
it min
p dng tnh ton thay s
a = n 1

a=

37, 09
= 1,59
5, 79

Ta tnh cc tay s
it 5 = it min = 5, 79; it 4 = 9, 21; it 3 = 14, 64; it 2 = 23, 27; it1 = 37, 09
Tnh vn tc ti cc t s truyn
p dng cng thc
n
n
n
V = 0,37 e .rb = 0,377. e .0, 45 = 0,1696 e
it
it
it
Ta lp bng tnh cc gi tr ca V
BNG 2
ne(v/ph)
V 1 (km/h)
V 2 (km/h)
V 3 (km/h)
V 4 (km/h)
V 5 (km/h)

744.44
3.40
5.43
8.62
13.71
21.81

1116.66
5.1
1
8.1
4
12.9
4
20.5
6
32.7
1

1488.88
6.8
1
10.8
5
17.2
5
27.4
2
43.6
1

1861.11
8.5
1
13.5
6
21.5
6
34.2
7
54.5
2

2233.33
10.2
1
16.2
8
25.8
7
41.1
3
65.4
2

3,Cn bng cng sut t

3.1Phng trnh cn bng cng sut
Khi xe vn hnh cng sut ca ng c tiu tn cho
-cng sut trong HTTL - Nt
-cng sut cn ln Nf
-cng sut cn khng kh N
-cng sut cn ln dc Nj

2605.55
11.9
1
18.9
9
30.1
8
47.9
8
76.3
2

2977.77
13.6
2
21.7
0
34.5
0
54.8
3
87.2
2

3350
15.3
2
24.4
2
38.8
1
61.6
9
98.1
3

-cng sut cn qun tnh Nj

-cng sut cn rmoc ko Nm
Ta c phng trnh cn bng cng sut
N e = Nt + N f + N Ni N j + Nm
N K = N e Nt = N f + N Ni N j + Nm
Trong :N k cng sut ko bnh xe ch ng N k = t .Ne
-Cng sut cn ln N f = GfVcos trong ly = 0o (xe chy trn ng bng)
Cng sut cn ln l ng bc nht ta cn xc nh 2 im , im th nht ti gc to
(V=0); im th hai ti Vmax ta c
GfVmax 65000.0, 02.98
Nf2 =
=
= 35432w 35, 4 Kw
3, 6
3, 6
-cng sut cn khng kh
1
1
N =
. .c.F .V 3 =
.1, 24.0, 7.4, 22.V 3 = 0, 0000392.V 3
3
3
93,3.10
93,3.10
BNG 3
ne(v/ph
)
Ne kw

744,44

1116,66

1488,88

1861,11

2233,33

2605,55

2977,77

3350

20,13

31,49

43,03

54,23

64,55

73.49

80,51

85,11

17,11

26,77

36,58

46,09

54,87

62,46

68,44

72,34

3,40

5,11

6,81

8,51

10,21

11,91

13,62

15,32

5,43

8,14

10,85

13,56

16,28

18,99

21,70

24,42

8,62

12,94

17,25

21,56

25,87

30,18

34,50

38,81

13,71

20,56

27,42

34,27

41,13

47,98

54,83

61,69

21,81

32,71

43,61

54,52

65,42

76,32

87,22

98,13

Nk kw
V1
km/h
V2
km/h
V3
km/h
V4
km/h
V5
km/h
Nf kw

35,43

N kw
0,43

1,44

3,41

6,66

11,51

4 Cn bng lc ko t
4.1 phng trinh cn bng lc ko
Pk = Pf + P Pi Pj + Pm

18,27

27,27

36,83

Trong :
lLc cn ln

Pf = G. f = 65000.0, 02 = 1300 N

Lc cn khng kh
1
CFV 3 (V tnh bng m/s)
2
1
P =
CFV 2 (V tnh bng Km/h)
25,92
Trn th cn bng lc ko Pf + P gp ng P K 5 ti Vmax
P =

ng P l ng lc bm
tnh lc ko p dng cng thc
Pki =

M e itit
rb

Trong r b =0,45 m
Pk 1 = 70, 06 M e ; Pk 2 = 43,95M e
Ta c ln lt :
Pk 3 = 27, 65M e ; Pk 4 = 17,39 M e ; Pk 5 = 10,93Me
Lc cn ln Pf = G. f = 65000.0, 02 = 1300 N
Lc cn khng kh
1
1
P =
. CFV 3 =
1, 24.0, 7.4, 22.V 3 = 0,1413V 3
25,92
25, 92
BNG 4
Me
Nm
V1
km/h
P k1
N
P 1
N
V2
km/h
P K2
N
p 2
N

26

27

278.

276.
05

26

6.05

28

3.40

5.11

6.81

51

18093

872

340

872

10

15

20

26

33

5.43

8.14

0.85

11257

742

033

4.2

9.4

16.6

.0

18

19

1949

1
11

10.
21

12

1
1.91

1934

13.
56

1203

26

13.

1700

21.
70

11

24.
42

1125

742

51.0

.6

37
.4

15.
32

1809

1
8.99

66

62
18

16.
28

1213

24

242.

9.37

8.

9.37

258.

258.24

1057
8

66

84
.2

V3
km/h
P K3
N
P 3
N
V4
km/h
P K4
N
P 4
N
V5
km/h
P K5
N
P 5
N

1
7.25

21.

448

633

448

11

24

42

66

95

129

68

13.71

0.56

4491

684

801

27

60

106

66

21,81

2,71

2823

944

017

67

151

269

20

769

0.18

34.

7140

87

2.94
7

56

25.

8.62

763

50
7

38.
81

714

671
0

1
2

2
7.42

34.
27

41.
13

483

480
1

1
3

4
3,61

54,

54.
83

449

684

325

25

304

7
6,32

301
7

5
38

87,
22

98,
13

282

944

823

75

6
05

422
0

65,
42

61.
69

2
39

52

4
7.98

2
13

265
4

1,0

135
9

4 Nhn t ng lc hc
Qua lc ko c th nh gi c kh nng ng lc hc ca xe nhng chua ton din
nn ngi ta a ra khi nim nhn t ng lc hc D
4.1 cng thc tnh

Pk P
G
Pk P = Pf Pi Pj + Pm
D=

Ta bin i biu thc sau

Pk P Gfcos G sin Mji Gm cos

=

+
G
G
G
G
G

Xe khng ho rmoc; nh cos 1,sin tg ; i iu kin chuyn ng

j
D = f i i
g
Nhn t ng lc hc theo iu kin bm
P P
D =
G
4.2 Nhn t ng lc hc ca t khi ti trng thay i:
Dx l nhn t ng lc hc c xe khng ng ti ,Gx l trng lng ca xe trng hp

tg =

D G
=
Dx Gx

Gx = G0 + aGt
a l % ti trng;Gt ti trng xe;Go trng lng xe khng ti

BNG 5
V 1 km/h

3.40

5.11

6.81

8.51

10.21

11.91

13.62

15.32

D1

0.278

0.290

0.297

0.300

0.297

0.290

0.278

0.261

V 2 km/h

5.43

8.14

10.85

13.56

16.28

18.99

21.70

24.42

D2

0.173

0.181

0.185

0.186

0.185

0.180

0.172

0.161

V 3 km/h

8.62

12.94

17.25

21.56

25.87

30.18

34.50

38.81

D3

0.110

0.114

0.117

0.117

0.116

0.113

0.107

0.100

V 4 km/h

13.71

20.56

27.42

34.27

41.13

47.98

54.83

61.69

D4

0.069

0.071

0.072

0.072

0.070

0.067

0.063

0.057

V 5 km/h

21.81

32.71

43.61

54.52

65.42

76.32

87.22

98.13

D5

0.042

0.043

0.042

0.040

0.037

0.033

0.027

0.020

BNG 6

5 Kh nng tng tc ca xe
-kh nng tng tc c trng bi cc thng s:gia tc ,thi gian tng tc v qung ng
tng tc
5.1 gia tc t
nu xe chy trn ng bng khng ko rmooc ta c:
(D f )g
j
D= f + i j=
i
g
2
s dng cng thc i = 1, 05 + 0, 0015it
tnh 1 = 3,11; 2 = 1,86; 3 = 1,37; 4 = 1,18; 5 = 1,10

BNG 7

V 1 km/h

3.40

5.11

6.81

8.51

10.21

11.91

13.62

15.32

D1 f

0.258

0.270

0.277

0.280

0.277

0.270

0.258

0.241

j1

0.814

0.852

0.874

0.882

0.874

0.851

0.813

0.760

V 2 km/h

5.43

8.14

10.85

13.56

16.28

18.99

21.70

24.42

D2 f

0.153

0.161

0.165

0.166

0.165

0.160

0.152

0.141

j2

0.807

0.846

0.869

0.876

0.867

0.842

0.802

0.745

V 3 km/h

8.62

12.94

17.25

21.56

25.87

30.18

34.50

38.81

D3 f

0.090

0.094

0.097

0.097

0.096

0.093

0.087

0.080

j3

0.642

0.674

0.692

0.696

0.687

0.662

0.624

0.572

V 4 km/h

13.71

20.56

27.42

34.27

41.13

47.98

54.83

61.69

D4 f

0.049

0.051

0.052

0.052

0.050

0.047

0.043

0.037

j4

0.404

0.425

0.434

0.431

0.417

0.391

0.353

0.304

V 5 km/h

21.81

32.71

43.61

54.52

65.42

76.32

87.22

98.13

D5 f

0.022

0.023

0.022

0.020

0.017

0.013

0.007

0.000

j5

0.199

0.205

0.199

0.181

0.152

0.113

0.061

-0.001

5.2 Thi gian gia tc

Ta c
v2 1
1
dv t = dv
v1 j
j
Trn thi 1/j v V th thi gian tng tc t V1-V2 l phn din tch di th 1/j gii
hn bi V1-V2

dt =