Safety
Awareness
ENGR. EDWIN C. ESPINAS
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Opening Activity
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OBJECTIVES
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ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
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ACCIDENT
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ACCIDENT COSTS
DIRECT COSTS
INDIRECT COSTS
Effects
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ACCIDENT COSTS
DIRECT COSTS
•Medical Costs
•Insurance
Premiums
•Employee
Compensation
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ACCIDENT COSTS
INDIRECT COSTS
•Inspect repair/remove/replace •Hire and train new employee
damaged or destroyed •Investigate accident
equipment and materials •Complete written reports
•Order replacement parts, •File worker’s compensation
materials or entire machines or insurance claims
•Rent temporary replacement •Clean-up area
machines/tools •Repair damaged work area
•Pay overtime wages
•Absorb possible lost sales Effects
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WASTE IN SPACE
$ 292 Million (41.7M/life)
-$ 1.9 Billion replacement Cost
-$ 100 Million mission cost
-$53.9Million in litigations
( 7.7M/family)
$1.5 Billion paid to Mrs. Mike
Smith
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EFFECTS Of ACCIDENTS
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EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
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EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
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BASED ON L UCK?
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ACCIDENT CONCEQUENCES
Ilag!
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NEXT TOPIC…
.
SAFETY
PRINCIPLES
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SAFETY PRINCIPLES
MAJOR
INJURY
MINOR INJURY
300
NON INJURY
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ACCIDENTS / ILLNESS
UNSAFE ACTS HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
IGNORANCE UNABLE UNIDENTIFIED UNCORRECTED
IGNORING
SAFETY PRINCIPLES
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UNSAFE PRACTICES
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UNSAFE CONDITIONS
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Safety Principles
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SAFETY PRINCIPLES
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NEXT TOPIC IS…
SAFETY
HAZARDS
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TYPES OF HAZARDS
1. BIOPHYSICAL HAZARDS
2. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
3. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
4. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
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BIOPHYSICAL HAZARDS
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MECHANICAL HAZARDS
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Projecting key and set screw Coupling bolts
Spokes and burrs
Bit and chuck
Turning bar stock Rotating shaft
In-running nip points
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS
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NEXT TOPIC IS…
FIRE
SAFETY
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… FIRE …
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… FIRE …
A disaster which can wipe out
multitude of lives,
whole business operation
(factory),
with a single strike in just a
matter of minutes.
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What is Fire?
Fire. . . is the result of
combustion.
CHEMICAL REACTION
OXYGEN HEAT
FUEL
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Fire is extinguished by . . .
1. “STARVING” Removal of fuel or stoppage of the supply
of fuel to a point where there is nothing to oxidize.
Example: Valve shut-off
2. ”COOLING” Reducing the heat of the burning substance
to a point below the ignition temperature. Example:
Water, A-FFF, CO2
3. “SMOTHERING” or “BLANKETING” Keeping air (hence,
oxygen) from the burning substance to a point where
combustion ceases. Example: CO2, dry chemical, steam,
A-FFF
4. “BREAKING” Breaking or interrupting the chain reaction
of combustion. Example: BCF (Halons)
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Fire is extinguishing agents …
1.WATER 3. Carbon DioxideCO2 5. A-FFF
-cooling effect -smothering & cooling effect -blanketing & cooling effect
-most available -heavy -never for Class “C” fires
-cheapest -low velocity -best for Class “B” contained fires
-never for Class “C” fires
-non-conductor of electricity
-best for”Class “A” fires
-no ill-effects on food
-not effective on Class “A” fires
-Best for Class “C” & critical fires
2.STEAM 6. HALLON (BCF)
-breaks the reaction of
-smothering effect combustion
-not mobile;normally, -very light
permanently connected -extinguishes all classes
-risk of getting burned of fires
-non-conductor of electricity
-never for Class “C” fires 4. DRY CHEMICAL and no residue whatsoever
-last resort -smothering effect but destroys our ozone layer,
-non-conductor of electricity, but leaves residue hence, being banned already
-multi-purpose -multi-purpose
-best for Class “B” uncontained fires -should have been the
-all around best all around best
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Do you know how to use a fire extinguisher?
P ull the safety pin
A im the nozzle at the base of fire
S queeze the lever
S weep nozzle from side to side
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Prevention – Orientation,
Drills
Protection – Extinguishers,
hydrants, Sprinklers
Fire Control – Fire brigade,
Fire Department
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next topic is …
LOCK - OUT
TAG - OUT
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Why Lock-out & Tag-out
• Any type of energy – electrical,
mechanical, hydraulic or
pneumatic – can be a serious
safety hazard, especially it comes
on or is released unexpectedly
while you are servicing or
maintaining equipment.
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Lock-out Tag-out
• Lockout means putting a lock
on the part of the machine
that controls the energy.
• Lockout/Tag-out prevents the
sudden release of energy.
• Proper lock-out prevents
accidents and saves lives.
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STEPS T0 PROPER LOCK-OUT
SHUT-OFF and Lockout Electricity
RELEASE and Lockout Energy
DRAIN and Lockout Material
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POINTS TO REMEMBER
ALWAYS LOCK or TAG machine energy before
maintenance or repair.
USE LOCK-OUT whenever possible. TAG-OUT is just a
warning, not an active way to prevent accidents
FOLLOW all LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT installation and
removal steps
CHECK to make sure that other workers in the area are
aware of your LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT activities.
NEVER ignore someone else’s LOCK or TAG.
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next topic is …
CONTROL
STRATEGIES
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Exercise 1 : PPE
List as many
different types of
personal protective
equipment used in
your workplace:
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Types of Control Strategies
• ENGINEERING – Preferred
• ADMINISTRATIVE – Acceptable
• PERSONNAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT –
Only used as a last line of defense
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Engineering Controls
Prevent contaminant from reaching concentration
in worker’s breathing zone.
EXAMPLES
1. Ventilation
- General – Natural air currents
- Dilution – supply fresh air
- LEV – (Local Exhaust Ventilation) Capture contamination at
source
2. Isolation/Enclosure
3. Shielding
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Administrative Control
EXAMPLES
• Comply with safety practices / Rules and
Regulations
• Substitution – replace material with less toxic
one
• Job Rotation – limit each worker’s time in area
• Housekeeping – regular clean-up
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Personal Protective Equipment
Can only be used when Engineering and
Administrative Controls are not feasible
ISSUES
• Selection to suit hazard
• Fit / Proper Usage
• Training and Education
• Prone to Failure over Time
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Points of Control
1. SOURCE – LEV, Isolation, Enclosure, Substitution
2. PATH – Shielding, Barriers, Distance
3. RECEIVER – Booths / Control Rooms, PPE
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next topic is …
PLANT SAFETY
RULES
&
REGULATIONS
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
1. Report all unsafe conditions to the
supervisor. Supervisor must see to it that
appropriate corrective actions are taken
promptly.
2. All incidents resulting to injuries and
property damage must be reported
immediately to supervisor and must be
investigated by a team within 24 hours after
occurrence. The supervisor, Safety Officer
and the victim or a witness are the minimum
required composition of an investigating
team.
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
3. Obey all safety and warning signs. Do not
obstruct or defaced them. They are
posted to warm personnel of existing
hazards and to point out dangerous
conditions.
4. Only authorized person are allowed to
operate motorized equipment (Forklift,
Reach Truck, Electric Hoist, etc.) and
other machinery.
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
5. Observe all established work instructions and
procedures. When in doubt about the
safety of the job, Stop, see and get
instructions from the supervisor before
effecting the work.
6 Under any condition, no person shall adjust,
service, repair or touch any part of a
machine while in operation or in motion.
Never reach into moving or energized
equipment
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
7. Observe proper lifting and handling of objects or
materials; with your legs not with your back,
never carry objects that will obstruct your vision,
use approved containers when transporting
chemicals. Ask assistance when lifting heavy
objects.
8. Keep your work area clean at all times. Spills (oil,
chemical, powder etc..) must be immediately
cleaned and removed. A dirty and unorganized
workplace can result to contamination, sickness
and injury. Observe “Clean your own mess”
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
9. Personal Protective Equipment like safety
shoes, ear protection, goggles and others must
be worn and used properly at all times. They
are issued at all designated area.
10. Pay strict attention to your work. Horse-
playing, fighting and practical jokes are not
allowed while at work.
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
11. No smoking inside school premises
except in “areas” where designated and
indicated by signs.
12. Unauthorized removal or improper use
of the fire protection equipment and
other safety devices is strictly prohibited.
Tampering of fire protection equipment
is a crime and punishable by law.
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
13. Appropriate permits must be secured first from
safety officer before effecting the following critical
activities: Confine space entry, Welding or use of
spark producing equipment outside workshop,
Forklift driving and Use of fire hydrant other than
emergency.
14. Use proper tools for the right job. Worn-out tools
must be replaced immediately. Never use
compressed air for cleaning, blowing, or cooling
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SAFETY RULES & REGULATIONS
15. Allemployees, students must cooperate and take an
active part/role in the safety program and established
Safety Policy where Safety is everyone’s responsibility.
16. Bringing of intoxicating liquor and drugs inside the
plant is strictly prohibited. Nobody is allowed to
enter the school when under the influence of liquor
or drugs.
17. Failure and/or deliberate refusal to implement
approved recommended corrective measures to
prevent an accident shall be dealt with in accordance
with our University Code of Conduct.
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next topic is …
ACCIDENT
PREVENTION
TOOLS
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ACCIDENTS / ILLNESS
UNSAFE ACTS HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS
IGNORANCE UNABLE UNIDENTIFIED UNCORRECTED
IGNORING
Safety Principles
TOOLS – Training, Orientations, Inspections, JHA’s,
Observations, Behavioral Feedback & Meetings.
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ORIENTATION/TRAINING
* JOB ORIENTATION
* SKILLS TRAINING
* SAFETY INDUCTION
* TRAINING ON SAFETY
STANDARDS
* EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
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ORIENTATION/TRAINING
* Bi-monthly Department Safety Meeting
* Review of Safety Performance
* Venue for discussing and resolving safety concerns
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Inspections
* Monthly department inspection by
trained department safety inspectors
* Formal inspection-comprehensive/
systematic approach
* Tracking of action plan completion
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Observations
* Observe 2-5 critical safe behavior
within the department
* Recording of the number of safe
and unsafe behaviors without naming
names
* Each employee takes his turn in
conducting behavior observation
* Communicate results as frequently
as possible.
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Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
* Three Stage process of Identifying and
eliminating or controlling hazards
1. List Basic Steps
2. Identify existing and potential
hazards associated with each step
3. Recommend ways to eliminate or
control each hazard
* Team approach
* Used to create or improve standard operating
procedures for specific jobs
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Behavior Feedback
* Measure of how much concern you have for your
fellow employees
* Behavior vs. person
* Reinforce safe behavior
* Remind / Correct unsafe behavior
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APPROACHES TO IMPROVING SAFETY PERFORMANCE
* Disciplining unacceptable
performance - assume the
role of a safety rules
policeman
* Implementing incentive
programs like safety contests
Usually result in short term
change, no long-lasting
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BEHAVIORAL FEEDBACK
* More effective to acknowledge an employee
for working safely
* But on unsafe acts, you are morally and
legally obligated to stop the behavior as
quickly as possible in order to keep anyone
from getting hurt.
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STEPS
• Point out the specific safe/unsafe behavior you
observed. Get the employee to acknowledge the
behavior described.
• Explain the reason behind the safe/unsafe behavior.
• For safe behavior, re-enforce and seek help how
other employees can follow his/her action
• For unsafe behavior, problem solve to determine
what the employee needs to do.
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STEPS
• Get the employee to agree on the
action plan to change his/her
behavior –
CONTRACT
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last topic is …
SAFETY
POLICY
& THE
LAW
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Safety Policy
• Safety is everyone’s concern in TUP. It is everyone’s duty to
ensure that his actions or decisions do not endanger the safety of
himself and of the other person in the university’s physical
assets.
• TUP is committed to providing and maintaining safe and healthful
working conditions on strict observance of local norms and
regulations. It adheres to operating practices that safeguard all
employees, and takes every necessary steps to meet or exceed
safety standards set by international, national and local
authorities.
• TUP takes safety into consideration when planning for any new
institution undertaking. At no time nor instance shall be safety of
any employee and student be compromised for any reasons
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Safety Policy
At TUP, preventing accidents of any kind is a task of capital importance.
The university spares no effort in establishing preventive measures in
every aspect of its operations. Safety committees, medical teams, fire
fighting brigades and first aid teams are organized and kept in active
service to implement and administer safety precautions. Protective
equipment are provided to employees, according to the requirements of
the work they perform. Order, cleanliness, and good housekeeping are
upheld and maintained to reduce the risk of accidents in the workplace.
TUP believes that safety awareness among its employees is the first big
step to ensuring their safety. For this reason, the university actively
conducts continuing training programs and information campaigns on
safety, with a view to heightening the safety consciousness of everyone
in the school.
It is everyone’s goal in TUP to achieve and maintain the highest
standards of safety at all time.
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The Policy
TUP is committed to providing and
maintaining safe and healthful working
conditions or strict observance of local
norms and regulations. It adheres to
operating practices that safeguard all
employees, and takes every necessary steps
to meet or exceed safety standards set by
international, national and local authorities.
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Position Statement
Safety is an integral part of the TUP Quality Concept and a condition for the
required level of quality of teaching and work life in the academe. It covers
safety of people, safety of assets and safety information. Fostering safety
awareness at all levels of the organization is a first priority task to which
Management must be fully committed.
Safety consciousness has to be promoted by example and by training.
Everybody at the university is responsible for creating and maintaining a safe
environment within his sphere of competence.
For protecting the human lives and the university assets, rules and guidelines
are necessary. The local Management is responsible for establishing local safety
instruction and for ensuring their observance within the company premises. To
create a living document, the principles and guidelines given in this manual will
have to be updated regularly and completed, in line with the current needs of
the institution concerned.
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