Solution Concentration
Ms. Wilson
Grade 10
Chemistry - Module 1
Review
✶ A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
✶ The solvent is the major component of the
solution.
✶ The solute is the minor component and
active ingredient.
✶ A saturated solution holds the maximum
amount of solute that is theoretically
possible for a given temperature.
Making Standard Sol
1. Find mass of known sample
2. Weigh out this mass, dissolve in water
3. Add to volumetric flask and make up to
the mark
How would you describe this picture?
Solution Concentration
✶ Is one glass of tea stronger than the other?
– What’s true about the “stronger” glass of tea?
– How much tea does it have in it compared to
the other glass?
Solution Concentration
✶ Concentration – a ratio comparing the
amount of solute to the amount of solution.
✶ Many ways of expressing concentration:
– Molarity (M) is the one we will be dealing
with
Concentrated vs. Dilute
✶ The words “concentrated” and “dilute” are
opposites.
✶ EX: The dark tea is more concentrated than
the light tea.
✶ EX: The light tea is more dilute than the
dark tea.
Concentrated vs. Dilute
= solute particles
Dilute Concentrated
solution solution
Molarity
✶ Molarity (M)
– UNITS: mol/L or Molar (M)
– Example: 0.500 mol/L = 0.500 M
Molarity
✶ What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 20.0 grams
of KNO3 (MM = 101.11 g/mol) is dissolved in enough
water to make 800. mL?
– Convert g of KNO3 to mol of KNO3
– Convert mL to L
– Use the formula M = mol / volume to find
concentration
Molarity
✶ What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 10.5 grams of
glucose (MM = 180.18 g/mol) is dissolved in enough water
to make 20.0 mL of sol’n?
– Convert g of glucose to mol of glucose.
Mole = mass / molar mass
mole = 10.5 g/ 180.18 g/mol = 0.0583 mol
glucose
– Convert mL to L.
20.0 mL / 1000 = 0.02L
Molarity
✶ What is the Molar concentration of a sol’n if 0.0583 mol of
glucose is dissolved in enough water to make 0.0200 L of
sol’n?
Calculating Grams
✶ How many grams of KI (MM = 166.00 g/mol) are needed to prepare
25.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution?
– Convert mL to L.
– Solve for moles.
Calculating Grams
✶ How many grams of KI (MM = 166.00 g/mol) are needed to prepare
25.0 mL of a 0.750 M solution?
– Convert mol KI to grams.
Calculating Grams
✶ How many grams of HNO3 (MM = 63.02
g/mol) are present in 50.0 mL of a 1.50 M
sol’n?
– Convert mL to L.
• 50.0 mL = 0.0500 L
– Solve for moles:
• moles = (1.50 M)(0.0500 L) = 0.0750 mol HNO3
– Convert 0.0750 mol HNO3 to grams:
• 0.0750 mol HNO3 = 4.73 g HNO3
Dilution
✶ Dilute (verb) -
to add solvent to a solution. Decreases sol'n
concentration.
– M1V1 = M2V2
• M1 = initial conc.
• V1 = initial volume
• M2 = final conc.
• V2 = final volume
– Assumes no solute is added.
Dilution
Stock Solution Usable
Impractically Add H2O
High Concentration Solution
Question for Consideration: Why do you think
chemical supply companies typically sell acids
(and other solutions) in extremely high
concentrations when it would be safer to ship
more dilute solutions?
Dilution
✶ Shelf life! The more concentrated you
are, the more solute is present.
Dilution
✶ To what volume should 40.0 mL of 18 M H2SO4
be diluted if a concentration of 3.0 M is desired?
– What do we want to know?
• V2
– What do we already know?
• M1 = 18 M
• V1 = 40.0 mL
• M2 = 3.0 M
– (18 M)(40.0 mL) = (3.0 M)V2
– 720 M*mL = (3.0 M)V2
– V2 = 240 mL
Dilution
✶ You are asked to prepare 500. mL of 0.250 M HCl,
starting with a 12.0 Molar stock sol'n. How much
stock should you use?
– What do we want to know?
• V1
– What do we already know?
• M1 = 12.0 M
• M2 = 0.250 M
• V2 = 500. mL
– (12.0 M) V1 = (0.250 M)(500. mL)
– (12.0 M) V1 = 125 M*mL
– V1 = 10.4 mL
Dilution
✶ To how much water should you add 20.0 mL of
5.00 M HNO3 to dilute it to 1.00 M?
– What do we want to know?
• How much water to add. (V2 - V1)
– What do we already know?
• M1 = 5.00 M
• V1 = 20.0 mL
• M2 = 1.00 M
– (5.00 M)(20.0 mL) = (1.00 M) V2
– 100. M*mL = (1.00 M) V2
– V2 = 100. mL
– Water added = 100. mL - 20.0 mL = 80. mL
Mass Concentration
This is the mass of solute present in solution.
expressed as g/dm3
Equation: Mass in grams/ volume in dm3
We can also denote this by multiplying the
molar concentration by molar mass mol/dm3 x
g/mol
The moles will cancel leaving us with g/dm3
