EXERCISE PERCENTAGE PURITY

Q1. 80g sample of salicylic acid contains 79.8 g asprin. Find the percentage purity of asprin.

Q2. Some sea water was evaporated. The salt obtained was found to be 86% sodium chloride. What
mass of sodium chloride could be obtained from 200g of sea water?

MOLES AND SOLUTIONS

A solution is made up when a solute dissolves in a solvent. The measure of the amount of solute in a
solvent is called CONCENTRATION. Concentration can be expressed as moles per litre
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(1000cm /1dm ), when expressed in this way is called MOLARITY.

Conc = Moles(mol)
3
Volume(dm ) = MOLARITY (M)

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NB: 1litre=1dm =1000cm

Another way of expressing concentration is by looking at the mass(g) of a solute in a litre(dm3) of

solution.

Conc= mass(g)
3
Volume(dm )

EXERCISE

Solute: sodium hydroxide, NaOH

Solvent: water, H2O

Task: Prepare 1 mol of NaOH

Molar mass of NaOH= 40g/mol

1mol NaOH:40g
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In order to obtain 1mol of NaOH, then we must weigh 40g of NaOH and dissolve it in 1000cm of
water.
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40g: 1000cm = 1mol/dm

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20g: 500cm = 1mol/dm

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10g: 250cm = 1mol/dm

EXAMPLES
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1. Find the concentration in mol/dm of 20g sodium chloride dissolved in 1000cm of water.
 nNaOH = mass
molar mass

= 20g
58.5g/mol
= 0.342 mol

Conc = n (mol)
3
v (dm )
= 0.342mol
3
1dm
3
= 0.342 dm

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2. How many moles are there in 25cm of 0.2 mol/dm solution?

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3. What is the concentration of 0.01 mol of H2SO4 dissolved in 25 cm of water?

DILUTION
The equation M1V1= M2V2 is used for dilution where:

M1 = initial concentration

V1 = initial volume

M2 = final concentration

V2 = final volume

EXAMPLES

1. 4M of 20 ml HCl was diluted to 50 ml. Find the new concentration.

M1V1 = M2V2
4Mx20 ml = M2x50 ml
M2 = 4Mx20 ml
50 ml
=8
5
M2 = 1.6 M

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2. How can you prepare 200 cm of 0.02 M H2SO4 from 02.5 H2SO4?