Name: Course/Year/ Section: Score:

Aivan D. Novilla BSMLS 1 - D

Adriel Amadei S. Salamat
Deb Gwin R. Sasa
Lady Carlisle Reliquias
Justine Kay Yanguas

Instructor: Group #: 4 Date: November 2, 2021

Ma’am Jhenly Asedillas Members #: 5

A. PREPARATION OF A SUGAR SOLUTION OF KNOWN CONCENTRATION

A. 1) Dilution of Sucrose Solution

1. Concentration of the stock sugar solution – 25%

2. Calculation of the amount needed for your dilution

C1 V1= C2 V2
(25%) (V1) = (10%)(25ml)
V1= (10%)(25ml)/(25%)
V1=10 ml

Amount needed= V2 - V1
Amount needed= 25ml - 10ml
Amount needed= 15ml
Expected final concentration of sucrose in water 10.0%

A. 2) Dilution of Glucose Solution

Complete this table:

Concentration Volume of Expected Volume of Final Volume

of Stock Stock Glucose Concentration Water Added of Solution
Glucose Solution Used of Glucose
Solution solution

1M 12.5 mL 0.025 M 487.5 ml 500ml

Calculations:
Volume of stock glucose solution used
Mi Vi = Mf Vf Vi = (1) (12.5)
(1M) (Vi) = (0.025M) (500ml) Vi = 12.5 ml
(1M) (Vi) = 12.5
 Volume of Water Added
Vf – Vi 500 ml – 12.5 ml = 487.5 ml
Final Volume of Solution Volume of stock glucose solution used + volume of water added
12.5 ml + 487.5 ml = 500 ml

B. PREPARATION OF SOLUTION USING A SOLID SOLUTE

B. 1) preparing a Solution of Copper (II) sulfate

1. Mass of Copper sulfate used:

0.496 grams

2. What is the correct formula for copper (II)sulfate?

CuSO4
3. How many moles of copper (II) sulfate was used?
N = mass / molar mass
0.496 g / 159.609 g/mol = 0.00316 moles

4. What was the volume of your first volumetric flask?

100mL which is equal to 0.1L
 5. What was the concentration in moles/ Liter of your first solution?\
Moles of solute / volume of solution (L)
0.00316 moles / 0.1 L = 0.31 moles/L

6. You diluted 2.00 mL of the first copper (II) sulfate solution to 250.0 mL.
What was the final concentration in moles / Liter?

Moles of CuSO4 = grams/Molar mass = 2 g/160 g/mol = 0.0125 mol

Molarity = mol/L = 0.0125 mol/0.25 L = 0.05 mol/L

B. 2) Preparing a Solution from Various Solids

Solute Solute Amount Solution on Concentration Mass of Solute Screenshot of your Virtual
(Moles) Volume Used Lab Activity

1.)Cobalt (II) 0.195 mol Co 0.500 L 0. 390 M 35.67 5 g Co

Nitrate (NO3)2 (NO3) 2

2.)Potassium 0.610 mol 0.300 L 0.500 M 96.39 8 KMnO4

permanganate KMnO 4

3.)Nickel (II) 0.320 mol NiCl2 0.752 L 0.426 M 96.39 8 KMnO4

chloride

4.)Copper (II) 0.807 mol 0.688 L 1.173 M 128.8 05 g

sulfate CuSO4 CuSO 4

Calculations:

1.) Co (NO3)2
 Co = 1 x 58.93 = 58.93
N = 2 x 14.01 = 28.02
O = 6 x 16.00 = 96
Molar mass = 182. 95 g/mol Co (NO3)2

0.195 mol Co (NO3)2 x 182.95 g Co (NO3)2 / 1 mol Co (NO3)2 = 35.675 g Co (NO3)2

2.) KMnO4
K = 1 x 39.10 = 39.10
Mn = 1 x 54.93 = 54.93
O = 4 x 16.00 = 64
Molar mass = 158.03 g/mol KMnO4

0.610 mol KMnO4 x 158.03 g KMnO4 / 1 mol KMnO4 = 96.398 g KMnO4

3.) NiCl2
Ni = 1 x 58.69 = 58.69
Cl = 2 x 35.45 = 70.9
Molar mass = 129.59 g/mol NiCl2

0.320 mol NiCl2 x 129.59 g NiCl2 / 1 mol NiCl2 = 41.469 g NiCl2

4.) CuSO4
Cu = 1 x 63.55 = 63.55
S = 1 x 32.06 = 32.06
O = 4 x 16.00 = 64
Molar mass = 159.61 g/mol CuSO4

0.807 mol CuSO4 x 159.61 g CuSO4 / 1 mol CuSO4 = 128.805 g CuSO4

B.3) Cola and Sucrose Problem

a. Formula X

Concentration of Sucrose Screenshot of Activity

Mass % 58.97 %

Molarity 2.20 M

Molality 4.20 m

Mole Fraction 0.08 mol

 Calculations:
Mass % = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100
Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
Molality = moles of solute / mass of solvent in kg
Mole Fraction = moles of solute / moles of solvent
Given :
C12H22011 = 12 C x 12 = 144
22 H x 1 = 22
11 O x 16 = 176
= 342 g/mol

H20 = 2 H x 1 = 2
1 O x 16 = 16
= 18 g/mol
Mass of Solute : 30 lbs = 13.6 kg
Mass of Solvent : 2.5 gallons = 9.46 kg
Mass of Solution : 13.6 kg + 9.46 kg = 23.06 kg
Moles of Solute : 13.6 kg / 342 g/mol = 13,600 g / 342 g/mol = 39. 76 mol
Moles of Solvent : 9.46 kg / 342 g/mol = 9460 g / 18 g/mol = 525.56 mol
Total number of moles : 39.76 mol + 525.56 mol = 565.32 mol
Liters of solution : 9.46 + 8.6 = 18.06

Mass % : 13.6 kg / 23.06 kg x 100 = 58.97%

Molarity : 39. 76 mol / 18.06 l = 2.20 M
Molality : 39. 76 mol / 9.46 kg = 4.20 m
Mole Fraction : 39. 76 mol / 525.56 mol = 0.08 mol

b. Generic Brand Cola

Concentration of Sucrose Screenshot of Activity

Mass % 38.73 %

Molarity 0.10 M

Molality 1.86 m

Mole Fraction 33.51

Calculations:

Generic: Empty beak- 101.5183 g Beaker + 50 mL beaker - 155.7243 g /mL

 Empty beak - beaker + 50 ml beaker = 54.21 g/ml

P= 54.21 g/ml / 50 ml = 1.08 g

Solute sucrose: 0.639

Dye: 0.00532
Solution: 0.639 + 1.005 = 1.65
Moles = Solute : 0.639 x 1 mol / 342.34 = 1.87

Solvent :1.005 x 1 mol / 18.02 = 0.0558

Mass %: 0.639 / 1.65 = 38.73 %
Molarity : 1.87 / 18.02 = 0.10 M
Mole fraction : 1.87 / 0.0558 = 33.51
Molality : 1.87 / 1.005 = 1.86 m
c. Relative solubility of solute in two solvents

1. - What is the color of the upper layer?

Yellow
- How about the lower layer?
Red

When the substance was mixed, the upper layer remained yellow. However, the
substance on the lower layer changed color from its clear color to a red color after
mixing.

2. Which liquid has greater density, CCl4 or distilled water? Prove your answer.

With a total mass of 153.81 g/mol, there is not denying it that the compound CCI4 is a
much denser liquid when compared to distilled water especially when the combined
mass of H2O is at only 18.01528 g/mol. Aside from this, one other reason why CCI4
sank is due to it being a non-polar substance. This means that it isn’t able to mix with
water, a polar substance

Conclusion :
Therefore, we conclude that the two substances which aren't able to mix or
soluble tends to be separated from each other. It showed that the iodine was extracted
from the distilled water and dissolved in the CCl4. The iodine was dissolved in the CCl4
because they are both non-polar, while the water is polar. It is how the relative solubility
of a solute in two solvents is explained.

d. Miscibility of liquids

I. Identify the following pairs as to miscible or immiscible with each other.

 1. cooking oil and water : Immiscible
2. mineral oil and water : Immiscible
3. lemon juice and water : Miscible
4. isopropyl alcohol and water : Miscible
5. lamp oil and water : Immiscible

II. Predict the miscibility of...

1. Oil and vinegar : Oil has a lesser density than vinegar. This suggests that the two
will not mix with one another. If it does, however, they will likely fail in maintaining
it and separate after a few minutes. One other reason why the two substances
will not mix is due to the fact that vinegar is a polar substance while oil is a
nonpolar substance.
2. Water and gasoline : Gasoline is immiscible and a non-polar substance while
water is a polar substance and as we already know, the two does not really mix
with one another.
3. Vinegar and Water : Water and vinegar are both examples of polar substances.
This similarity between them is a solid reason for them to be able to mix with one
another. Thus, water and vinegar are examples of substances that exhibit
miscibility.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the miscibility of two substances depends on their properties.
Which is, two substances should fully dissolve in each other in order to form a
homogeneous mixture. On the other hand, the immiscibility of a substance where two
substances are not capable of combining and thus forms a heterogeneous mixture.

e. Effect of particle size on rate of dissolving

Observation / Comparison :

Based on our observation, on its particle size, since the particles of sugar are smaller
than those of salt, it dissolves faster and crystallizes.

Conclusion :
After completing an experiment based on particle size, where sugar is dissolved
in cold water and salt is dissolved in hot water, the sugar particles dissolve faster, but a
crystal forms beneath the glass. The salt particles, on the other hand, dissolved slightly
slower than the sugar particles due to their bigger size. Because the mixture was not
stirred during the experiment, the salt particles dissolve first and crystallize after being
placed in the hot water. (More details will be covered in activity F.) Furthermore, both
mixtures developed crystals due to the lack of churning, which causes the solute
particles to dissolve more slowly.
f. Effect of temperature on rate of dissolving

Observation / Comparison :

We have observed that when the salt is being added to a hot water it quickly
disperses and dissolves while, when that salt is being added to a cold water disperses
slowly and would take more time before it completely dissolves.

Conclusion :

Therefore, we concluded that the rate of solubility is faster at high temperatures

and slower at lower temperatures. The experiment shows that temperature has a
significant impact on the pace of dissolution of a combination. Because the energy
molecules are traveling quicker due to the high temperature, the salt that was placed in
hot water dissolved faster, causing the particles to readily break apart. Putting the sugar
in cold water, on the other hand, affects the rate of dissolution. The sugar particles are
dissolved by the cold water, but only a small amount since sugar begins to form on the
bottom of the cup. This is because cold water has less energy than hot water, hence it
slows down the pace at which a mixture dissolves.