HAPTER

NETWORK SYNTHESIS
L INTRODUCTION
-receding chapter we have been primarily Inside this Chapter
e problem of determining the response, concerned
given the
Introduction
un in the network ; this problem lies in the
domain Elements of Realizability
SOk analysis. In this chapter we will be Theory
dealing with
mhlem of synthesizing a network given the
SDOnSe. excitation Synthesis of one Port Networks
with two Kinds of Elements
L-C Immittance Function
2ELEMENTS OF R-C Impedance
REALIZABILITY THEORY Admittance Function
or R-L
Baring point for any network R-L Impedance or
Erk function which is the synthesis problem is R-C
tation Els), i.e. ratio of response R(s) to Admittance Function

R(s)
T(s) = E(s)
synthesize a network from a given
Cawsality and Stability
e irs,
step in
a synthesis
be procedure is to
eto realized as a physical passivedetermine
by mportant network.
cauality
ay pair We mean that a considerations : causality and
of
terminals voltage cannot appear
presBed,
network or
in
vice-verse.
the
In
network before a
as network must be zero for other
t <
words, the
8 to
be stable, the 0.
network
cnnot function T(8) following three
have poles in must be satisfied.
the right half of 8-plane.
313
 314 Network Analysis and Synthesis
(ii) Ts)cannot have multiple poles in theimaginary (jo) -avie
(ui) The degree of the numerator of T\s) cannot exceed the
unity. degree of
8.2.2. Hurwitz Polynomial denominator
Another element of realizability is a class ofpolynomial known as
in fact, the denominator polynomial of the network Hurwitz
In brief, A polynomial P(s) is said to be Hurwitz function
if the satisfying certain
(1) Ps) is real when s is real. following conditions polCondiynomitiomA.al whie
(2) The roots of P(s) have real parts are
which are zero or negative. satiafes
Properties of Hurwitz Polynomial
As a result of above conditions (1) and (2), Hurwitz
polynomial. P(s) have the
() If the polynomial P(s) can be written as
P(s) = a,s + a,-1 s +
fol owingyrrta
then, All the coefficients a, must be positive. A
corollary is that between the
in s and the lowest order term, none of the coefficients
or odd. In other words, a,_1 a, 9 . , may be zero unless the highest order vm
nor odd.
l, l1 must not be zero if the polynomialpolynomial
is nGith is
(ü) Both the odd and even parts of a
Hurwitz polynomial Ps) have roots on the jo- ais nnt
we denote the even part of P(s) as M(s) and the odd part as N(s), so that
P(s) =M(s) + N(s)
then M(s) and N(s) both have roots on the jo-axis
only.
(ü) As a result of property (i), if P(s) is either even or
odd, all its roots are on the j
(including origin).
(w)The continued fraction expansion of the ratio (v(s) of the odd to even parts
N(s)Mst
even toodd parts (M(s))N(s)) of a Hurwitz polynomial yields all positive quotient terns. s
N(s) M(s)
yls) = M(s) Or N(s) 1
428+ nS
qg8 +
where the quotients q1, 42 ..4, +Nis) is Hur
.. must be positive if the polynomial Ps) ==,Mis) Ps).Ws s
(u) If Ps) is Hurwitz polynomial and W(s) is a multiplicative factor. Then.n Pls) =
Hurwitz polynomial, if W(s) is Hurwitz polynomial. the aont
(vi) In case the polynomial is either only even or only odd, it is not possible to andits derv obtain

fraction expansion in such cases, the polynomial P(s) is Hurwitz if the ratio of Ps)
P(s) gives a continued fraction expansion.
Note :) p r o p e r t i e s
)
Generally, we can check the given polynomial is Hurwitz or not, by using
(ivyv(vi) for condítíons (1) and (2) respectively. Suga

Procedure for Obtaining the Continued Fraction Expansion series of long

To obtain the continued fraction a

andaemas
M(8)
y(8) = N(8) s i n g l eq u o t i e n t

Where M(s) is of one higher degree than N(s). Then, we obtain a