CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

Bi 3 : LM SCH V LM KH ACETYLENE
I/ LM SCH ACETYLENE 1) Tp cht trong C2H2 Tp cht trong Acetylene bao gm nhiu tp cht khng tan (cc loi kh khng tan) v nhiu tp cht khc ( H3P, H2S...) Sn xut C2H2 t t n c tinh khit 99-99.8% C2H2 Thnh phn tp cht trong C2H2 nh sau: N2 0.359 O2 0.074 CH4 0.033 H2 0.003 Ar 0.005 CO 0.001 Tng cng 0.50

PH3 H2S

Max Max

0.08% 0.15%

2) S cn thit phi lm sch Acetylene S nh hng ca tp cht l H3P v H2S trong Acetylene c xc nh nh sau: Vi thnh phn < 0.25% H3P v H2S, bn ca mi hn nh khng nh hng, c xc nh c do ca mi hn b nh hng. Vi thnh phn n 0.5% H3P v H2S mi cht th nh hng tiu cc ti cu trc ca mi hn. Vi thnh phn 1%, mi hn tr nn r

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2

CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

S c mt ca H3P v H2S trong Acetyelene s dn n gim dung lng np kh Acetyelene ca chai. Nng H3P cn phi khng ch nghim ngt v khng nhng n rt c m rt d bt chy n c bit khi nng cao m c mt khng kh. Ngoi ra nh hng ca H3P v H2S ti kt qu phn tch trong th nghim dng Acetyelene lm ngn la. 3)Cc cht lm sch Acetylen a) Cht lm sch rn Tn ti 2 loi da trn 2 cht c bn l oxit crom(CrO3) v Clo st(FeCl3) Cht lm sch t oxit Cromic (Geratol) vi cc thnh phn nh sau CrO3 H2SO4 10-13% 15-20% Cn li +Oxit Crom +Axit sunphuric +t mang

Tiu tn khong 230-270g Geratol trn 1 m acetylene cn lm sch. - Cht lm sch t Clort st FeCl3 vi thnh phn: FeCl3 Ma2CO2.10H2O CuSO4.5 H2O 27% 15% 17% HgO H2O t mang 0.05% 7.2% 49%

H3P c Clort st oxi ho v oxt thu ngn lm xc tc. - Cht lm sch ny c th ti sinh ngoi khng kh vi ion ng lm xc tc trong vng 20-24h. Geratol ny c th ti sinh c 2 ln. n ln th 3 th khng cn tc dng na.

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2

CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

- Cht Geratol rn ch dng cho dy chuyn sn xut Acetyelene cng sut nh nu cng sut ln th ngi ta dng cht lm sch dng lng d t ng ho, c kh ho. b) Cht lm sch bng Axit sunphuaric H2SO4 Trong cng nghip ho cht s dng Acetylen lm nguyn liu chnh trong tng hp cht hu c cng nghip th cn phi lm sch H3P khi Acetyelene v ngi ta dng H2SO4 lm cht kh. Axt Sunfuaric m c n nng 86% l ht tc dng. Phn ng: 2H3P + H2SO4 = (PH3)2SO4 (PH4)2SO4 + 5H2SO4 = 6 SO2 + 6 H2O+2 H3PO3 Sn xut 1 Tn Acetyelene tiu th ht 60 Kg axit, thm axit thu ngn th s tng hiu sut ca qu trnh kh v lm gim lng tiu tn H2SO4. Lng HgSO4 khong 0.0025-0.008% c) Cht lm sch bng axit Nitoric HNO3 Dng HNO3 nng 20-50% kh H3P theo phn ng 4HNO3 + H3P = 4 HNO2 + H3PO4 Thc t chng minh rng cho kh C2H2 vi 0.1% H3P qua dung dch HNO3 30% th ch lm sch c 12 lt Acetylene Nu dng Nitrat bc AgNO3 1% lm cht xc tc th lng C2H2 lm sch s l 10-12m/lit dung dch HNO3 nng 30% Phn ng ph : PH3 + 8AgNO3 + 4H2O 8Ag + H2PO4 + 8 HNO3

Ta c bng sau:

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2

CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

Lng dung dch HNO3 30%, ml 50 50 50 50

Thnh AgNO3 0.1 0.01 0.005 0.001

phn trong

Thnh phn H3P Th

tch

C2H2

dung dch, %

trong Acetylen,% c lm sch , l 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 600 590 550 Lm sch khng t yu cu

Theo bng trn th ch cn thm vo dung dch axit HNO3 30% mt lng AgNO3 0.005% l t yu cu. Lng tiu tn nh sau: 1m Acetyelene lm sch H3P t 0.1 n 0.02% cn 0.05 lt HNO3, pha thm 0.005% AgNO3 Lm sch H3P t 0.1 n 0.01% cn 0.08lit HNO3 II/ Lm kh C2H2 1) S cn thit phi lm kh C2H2 gim n mn ng v cc thit b sn xut Acetylene i vi vic sn xut PVC, PVA dng C2H2 lm nguyn liu th Acetylen phi lm kh trc khi a vo sn xut. i vi C2H2 ng chai ho tan, lng hi nc c trong C2H2 lm gim tan ca C2H2 trong Acetol c th nu trong Acetol c 5% nc th ho tan ca C2H2 gim 17%.

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2

CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

Nu C2H2 sau khi lm kh cn cha 0.4g/m th vi 5m np trong chai 40 lit s c tng cng 2g nc. Mt nm 15 ln np s l 30 g trong tng s 14 Kg Acetylen s chim 0.03/14*100 = 0.21% / nm l chp nhn c. 2) Lm kh bng Canxi clorua(CaCl2) Ht nc t kh C2H2, CaCl2 khng chuyn ngay thnh dung dch m n c 4 hidrat l CaCl.H2O, CaCl2.2 H2O, CaCl2.4H2O, CaCl2.6H2O Bnh sy bng CaC gm 3 lp vi tng cao khong 8001000mm. Lp cui cng l CaC.6O v dung dch CaCl bo ho, cng ln trn l C2H2 dng khan. CaCl2dng cc ng knh ti u 12-15 mm, khng nh hn 6mm,nng ca CaCl2 khong 66-70% Tiu tn CaCl2 lm kh C2H2 khong 1.8-3.0Kg trn 1Kg nc hp th. gim lng tiu hao CaCl n 50% th Acetylen c lm kh s b bi dung dch CaCl2 16-20% cn t trc bnh thit b lm kh chnh mt bnh cao khong 1m c cht m ti dung dch CaCl2 16-20%. Phng php lm kh CaCl2 mc d lng m cn nhiu so vi cc phng php khc nhng n gin, r tin, tin li v tit kim. 3) Kh m bng t n Ngi ta c th dng t n kh m trong C2H2. m cn li khang 0.03-0.08g/ m.Mc lm kh tng vi kch thc t n nh.

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2

CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

Thc t l ht m ca t n khong 80-100g hi nc cho1 Kg t n. Cn tnh n nhng c im sau y khi s dng t n lm cht kh m: cao ca lp t n khng ln hn 20mm , nu khng s c tr lc ln.V vy dng bnh kh nhiu ngn. Vn tc C2H2 qua bnh kh va phi< 100kg/m nu ln qu s mang theo vi ti vo my nn Nu m ca C2H2 qu ln ( >20g/m) th s xy ra phn ng mnh lit gia t n v nc lm cho nng bnh kh m , cn lm mt bng cch ti nc ngoi bnh. Phng php ny hn ch dng trong thc t do nhng c im lu trn v qu trnh c kh ho khng thc hin c. 4) Lm kh Acetylen bng phng php khc Hin nay ngui ta dng cc phng php khc lm kh Acetylen m li c th p dng cc bin php gim chi ph lao ng, ng dng c kh ho, t ng ho dy chuyn. a) Lm kh bng H2SO4 m c. Kt hp lm sch Acetylen vi lm kh Acetylen bng Axit sunphuaric H2SO4 m c > 98.5% b) Lm kh bng cht hp ph Cc cht hp ph l Silicagel, Zeolit, t hot tnh, axit nhm hot tnh. Cht hp ph c th kh nc trit nht, d c kh ho, thi gian thay th lu v sau thi gian hot ng cht hp ph c ti sinh li tr v trang thi ban u.

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2

CNG TY C PHN CRYOTECH VIT NAM Kh c bit Kh Y t - Thit b ngnh kh

Gio trnh sn xut C2H2