Truyn hnh s theo tiu chun ATSC

ATSC cho php 36 chun Video t HDTV(High Definition Television ) n cc dng thc video SDTV((Standard Definition Television) vi cc phng thc qut (xen k,lin tc) v cc t l khun hnh khc nhau Tiu chun ATSC DTV c bit n l 1 h thng d nh dng truyn cc tn hiu Video,Audio, cht lng cao cng vi cc d liu khc trn cng 1 knh n 6 MHz. H thng ny c th chia s 1 cch ng tin cy khong 19Mbit/s trong 1 knh truyn hnh mt t 6MHz v khong 38Mbit/s trong 1 knh truyn hnh cp 6MHz. thc hin iu tn hiu Video ngun c th c m ha ti 5 ln dng bt tn hiu truyn hnh quy c(NTSC) gim xung ti 50 ln hoc cao hn.nhm thu nh tc dng bt. k thut nn video v Audio c dng trong h thng

M ha v nn tn hiu ngun
Cho php hn ch tc bt ( nn d liu) ph hp cho tng ng dng nh cc dng d liu video s, audio s v d liu ph(d liu iu kin v iu khin truy nhp, d liu phc v).

Ghp knh v truyn ti

Cc thng tin c chia nh thnh cc gi d liu, tng ng s c 1 phn tiu nhn bit cho 1 gi hoc mi loi gi, v tng ng th t thch hp cc gi d liu Viedo,Audio v d liu ph c ghp vo dng d liu n. H thng DTV s dng dng truyn ti Mpeg-2 ghp v truyn dn tn hiu Video,Audio v d liu trong h thng pht sng qung b(broadcast). Dng truyn ti ny cn c ng dng khi rng bng truyn trn 1 knh thng tin hay dung lng lu tr c hn hoc trong ng truyn vi cc mode truyn khng ng b(ATM).

Thu/Pht: gm qu trnh iu ch v m ha knh truyn

M ha knh truyn c nhim v cng thm cc thng tn vo dng bt d liu cc thng tin c s dng trong qu trnh ti to d liu bn thu nh cc m truyn dn bi v s suy hao trong qu trnh truyn dn s gy li tn hiu truyn dn. iu ch l em cc dng d liu s sau khi c m ha iu ch ln tn hiu truyn dn, gm 2 loi iu ch :

+ ch pht qung b mt t (8-VSB) + ch truyn d liu qua cp tc cao (16-VSB) S khi h thng DTV c trnh by hnh sau

II.Truyn hnh s theo tiu chun DiBEG

Tiu chun truyn hnh s mt t DiBEG (Digital Broadcasting Expert GroupNhm chuyn gia truyn hnh s)ca Nht gi l tiu chun ISDB-T (Integrated Service Didital Broadcasting Terrestrial -truyn hnh s s tch hp dch v mt t)hoc ARIB(( Association of Radio Industries and Business-Hip hi cc doanh nghip v ngnh cng nghip v tuyn) DiBEG s dng k thut thut ghp knh on di tn BST-OFDM((Band Segmented OFDM) v cho php s dng cc phng thc iu ch tn hiu s khc nhau i vi tng on(Segment) d liu nh: QPSK, DQPSK, 16-QAM v 64-QAM. Tn hiu truyn i c t chc thnh 13 khi(OFDM), mi khi c di ph l 432KHz vi cc tn hiu ch th v cc thng s truyn dn nh: loi iu ch,cc loi m hiu chnh li c s dng trong tng khi..

ISDB-T cho php h thng c di ph 5,6 MHz v 432 KHz.Trong mi trng 1 knh truyn hnh l 6MHz c th s dng 3 loi my thu: + 5,6 MHz vi b gii iu ch OFDM v mn hnh HDTV thu mi loi hnh dch v + 5,6 MHz vi b gii iu ch OFDM thu di ng voi81 mn hnh tiu chun(SDTV) + 432KHz vi b gii iu ch OFDM thu m thanh v d liu DiBEG cn c th c s dng trong cc khu vc di tn cng tc 7/8MHz ISDB-T trn thc t l mt bin th ca DVB-T

III.Truyn hnh s theo tiu chun DVB-T

H thng trm DVB-T mt t: cc knh VHF/UHF ca trm mt t l nhng phng tin quan trng nht vi vic truyn dn tn hiu s tc cao v

cc t tc truyn li a ng to ra s di vang, s gim m thanh ca tn s la chn. Tr ca vic m rng cc tn hiu trong vic truyn lp do s phn x a hnh nh ni, i hay cc dy nh c th ln ti vi chc s.Trong trng hp ph thu c th di chuyn, tn hiu pht trc tip t pha pht c th b mt(knh Rayleigh) do phia thu phi bt buc khai thc nhng m my tn hiu xung quanh vt th. trong mng n tn s(SFN), s la chn tn s knh c th rt quan trng khi tt c cc my pht pht tn hiu ging nhau cng thi im v pht v c th pht cc tn hiu lp li "nhn to" trong khu vc dch v tr (tr ln vi trm giy s). khc phc phn ny, cc b tng thch knh DVB-T c thit k da trn vic iu ch a sng mang trc giao COFDM(Code Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ghp knh phn chia theo tn s c m ha).

c th chia dng bt ti bng hng ngn sng mang ph tc thp, trong ghp knh FDM. H thng hot ng 2 mode chnh: mode 2K cho cc mng chuyn i( tng ng vi 1705 sng mng trong di thng 7,61 MHz v khong thi gian symbol hiu dng Tu = 224 s) v mode 8K cho SFN( tng ng vi 6817 sng mang ph trong di thng 7,61 MHz v khong thi gian symbol hiu dng l Tu = 86 s). Mi sng mang c iu ch theo lc AM-QAM(4, 16,32 QAM) iu ch COFDM bn cht l fading tn s chn, khi mi sng mang c iu ch tc bit trung bnh( tc symbol vo khong 1Kbaud hay 4Kbaud tng ng vi mode 2K hay 8K) v khong thi gian rt di so vi thi gian p ng thay i knh. Do mi sng mang ph chim 1 di tn hp trong p ng tn s knh l phng cc b khng m viterbi vi cmg li ti t cc sng mang khng tin cy gn k, lm suy gim do nhiu bng hp.

Qa trnh pht sng truyn hnh mt t bao gm cc qu trnh sau: tn hiu Audio/Video ngun:
tn hiu ngun l cc tn hiu s hoc tn hiu tng t bin i thnh cc d liu s.Cc chun tn hiu s uc nh dng sao cho tng thch vi h thng m ha tn hiu video c tc bit rt ln, chng hn chun CCIR 607 th tc bit ln ti 270 Mbps. cc knh truyn hnh qung b c rng 8MHz c th o ng cho video tn hiu s, cn phi gim tc bt bng cch nn tn hiu video.

M ha ngun d liu s(source coding):

M ha ngun d liu thc hin nn s cc t s khc nhau. Vic nn c thc hin bng b m ha MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group). Vic m ha dc trn c s nhiu khung hnh nh cha nhiu thng tin vi s sai khc rt nh. Do Mpeg lm vic bng cch ch gi i nhng s thay i ny v d liu lc ny c th gim t 100 n 200 ln. Vi Audio cng nh vy, vic nn da trn nguyn l tai ngi kh phn bit m thanh trm nh so vi m thanh ln khi chng c tn s ln cn nhau v nhng bt thng tin trm nh c th b i v khng c s dng. M ha ngun ch lin quan n c tnh ca ngun. phng tin truyn pht khng nh hng g n m ha ngun .

M ha knh:
Gi v a hp Audio,Video v cc d liu ph vo 1 dng d liu, y l dng truyn ti Mpeg-2. Nhim v ca m ha knh l lm cho tn hiu truyn dn pht sng ph hp vi knh truyn. Trong truyn hnh s mt t m c s dng l Reedsolomon. M Reed-Solomon c s dng rng ri trong h thng thng tin ngy nay, do c kh nng sa li rt cao.

iu ch:
iu ch tn hiu pht sng bng dng d liu. Qu trnh ny bao gm m ha truyn dn, m ha knh v cc k thut h sc xut li, chng li cc suy gim do fading,tp nhiu ..V.V.. Bn thu: ben ph thu s m gi,gii m.hin th nh v a ra mn hnh