MATLAB R2010a
Introduction, practice and Applications
Nikesh Bajaj
Dept. of Electronics Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144402
Basics of MATLAB
Basic Mathematic: Calculator Array and Array Operation
Indexing, Matrix Operations, Manipulations
Multidimensional Array Cell Array Character Strings Logical Operations Loops/switch-case/if else: PLOTS Script/M file- function and code
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MATLAB Desktop
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Command Window
>> prompt when ready for a command Busy in lower Can use arrow keys for command history and modify commands
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Current Folder
Current Folder Window
Displays contents of the current working directory for script and function files Can modify path through MATLAB function or going under File>Set Path
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Workspace and Command History
Workspace Window
Shows all currently defined variables Array dimensions Min, max values Shows all past commands Can copy and past commands into command window Double click will execute command
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Command History
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HELP Window
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Basic Math/Calculator
Basic Math operations
>> 4+3+5 ans =9 >> 4*2+5*3+99*2 sin, cos, tan, exp, log, log10, log2 sqrt, e10, ^
Inbuilt Functions
sin(30), sqrt(4), log(10)
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Math Functions
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Variable Naming rule
Variable names are Case Sensitive
Xyz, xyz, XYZ, XyZ all are different
Variable name should start with character only Can be followed by digit _ Punctuation and space are not allowed Max length of name is 63 characters
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Variable Naming rule
Reserve word list (Keyword)
for, end if else, elseif, function, case switch break isvarname( ) True(1), False(0) Can not be used as variable ans beep pi inf NaN i and j Can be used as varible
Special Variables
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General Purpose Commands
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Comments, Punctuations
%, ; ,
comments not displaying the result multiple commands continue to next line
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a=1, c=2; b=3 X=(a+b)*3 +5
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Mathematical Functions
Trigonometric
sin, sinh, asin, asind cos, tan, csc, cot, sec
--sin(30)
Powers
^ power, exp, log, log10, log2, sqrt,
round nearest int. floor -inf
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Rounding Functions
fix 0 ceil +inf
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Complex number
c1= 2-3i or 2-3j or 2 -3*sqrt(-1) 0r complex(2,-3) c2= sqrt(-2)=? c3=7+sin(0.5)j Execute it c4=(c1+c2)/c3 c5=real(c4) =imag(c4) =abs(c4) =angle(c4)
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Floating Points
format short format long precision; eps(x), eps(1), eps(10)
PROBLEM: Execute the following
0.08 - 0.5 + 0.42 0.42-0.5+0.08 0.08 +0.42 -0.5
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Number Theory
factor isprime prime gcd lcm
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DATA Types
double, single uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64 int8, int16, int32 int64 class(x) %data type of x isinteger, isnumeric, isfloat char cell
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Array (1D)
Construction
x=[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]; x=1:10 or [Link] x=linspace(1,10,10); y=(0:0.1:1)*pi = ? y=linspace(0,pi,11); y=linspace(2,17,24); z=logspace(0,2,10)=?
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Array (1D)
Indexing
x(0) error x(1), x(4) y=x(2:7) y=x(4:end) y=x([Link]nd) y=x(10:-1:1) y=x([ 3 2 1 9 10 ]) y=x([1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 ]) x(3.4)=? 20 x(100)=?
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Array (1D)
Creating an array from others z = [x y] % appending z =[y x] z= [x([Link]) 1 0 1 0] Transpose z=x z=x.
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Array (2D) Matrix
Construction
x=[ 1 2 ;4 5]; x=[1 2 3; 2 3]=?
Indexing
x(1,1), x(1,2) y=x(1,:) y=x(:,1) y=x(2:3,1:5)
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Array Operations
y=x-2 y=2*x-1 2*x/5+1 x+y; %element wise x-y; x.*y x./y Q: 1./x, x./y and x.\y x.^2
x and y of same size
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Array Operations
1./x =? x.^y ones(r,c) zeros(r,c) x*y inv(x), rank(x), eig(x) x(2,3)=1 x(3:6, 5:8)=0
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Matrix
Matrix Manipulation
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Multidimensional Array
x(1,1,1) y(1,1,1,1,1, . . . .) Almost every operation of 2D Arrays can be extended to 3D 4D..nD
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Problems
Do arithmetic operations with different data types and conclude it Check isinteger, isnumeric, isfloat with different values
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Cell Array
Cell Array? Construction
variable should not exist before. A(1,1)={[ 2 3 ; 3 4]} A(2,2)={HI} A{1,1}=[2 3;3 4] A{2,2} =HI
celldisp(A), cell(2,3) indexing manipulation
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Indexing: Array, matrix and Cell
x=[2 3; 3 4] x(:), x(1), x(4) x(:) y=reshape(x,n,m)
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Character Strings
Construction
txt=Hi my name is Bajaj txt =[ hi hello how are you?] txt =[ hi How are you? ] txt= char(hi, how are you?)
Indexing and Manipulation
size(txt) txt(1), txt (2,10), txt(2:5) txt(3)=N
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Character Strings
Operations
double(txt) char(x) txt t=int2str(524); num2str(34.3) str2int(32) str2num(32432.3);
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Logical Operation
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Loops/if-else
for i=1:10 end while i>10 i=i+1 end
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if x==y elseif x==z end
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find command
x=randint(1,10,3) i=find(x), find(x>0), find(x==1)
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Plots (2D)
y=rand(1,10); x=1:10 plot(x,y) plot(y) title(sin wave) xlabel(time) ylabel(Amplitude)
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plot(X1,Y1,LineSpec, ) plot(x,y,'-.or') plot(x,y,'d')
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Plots (2D)
plot(x,y) stem(x,y) stairs(x,y) area bar, bar3, barh feather errorbar, rose
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Plots (2D)
Multiple functions on same plot
plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,) hold on hold off
--grid on/off box off
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) axis auto tight legend(x1 x2 )
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Plots (2D)
Multiplots
subplot(2,2,2)
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Plots 3D
plot3(x,y,z)
t=linspace(0,10*pi) plot3(sin(t), cos(t),t) x=sin(2*pi*t), y=x*x; [X Y]=meashgrid(1:101,1:101); plot3(X,Y,y) surf(y)
Meshgrid
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M file/script/function
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General Purpose Commands
clc, clear , clear all date, clock quit, exit size, length max, min who, whos disp
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