MATLAB R2010a

Introduction, practice and Applications

Nikesh Bajaj
Dept. of Electronics Engineering Lovely Professional University Phagwara-144402

Basics of MATLAB

Basic Mathematic: Calculator Array and Array Operation

Indexing, Matrix Operations, Manipulations

Multidimensional Array Cell Array Character Strings Logical Operations Loops/switch-case/if else: PLOTS Script/M file- function and code
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MATLAB Desktop

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Command Window

>> prompt when ready for a command Busy in lower Can use arrow keys for command history and modify commands

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Current Folder

Current Folder Window

Displays contents of the current working directory for script and function files Can modify path through MATLAB function or going under File>Set Path

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Workspace and Command History

Workspace Window

Shows all currently defined variables Array dimensions Min, max values Shows all past commands Can copy and past commands into command window Double click will execute command
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Command History

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HELP Window

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Basic Math/Calculator

Basic Math operations

>> 4+3+5 ans =9 >> 4*2+5*3+99*2 sin, cos, tan, exp, log, log10, log2 sqrt, e10, ^

Inbuilt Functions

sin(30), sqrt(4), log(10)

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Math Functions

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Variable Naming rule

Variable names are Case Sensitive

Xyz, xyz, XYZ, XyZ all are different

Variable name should start with character only Can be followed by digit _ Punctuation and space are not allowed Max length of name is 63 characters

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Variable Naming rule

Reserve word list (Keyword)

for, end if else, elseif, function, case switch break isvarname( ) True(1), False(0) Can not be used as variable ans beep pi inf NaN i and j Can be used as varible

Special Variables

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General Purpose Commands

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Comments, Punctuations

%, ; ,

comments not displaying the result multiple commands continue to next line

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a=1, c=2; b=3 X=(a+b)*3 +5

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Mathematical Functions

Trigonometric

sin, sinh, asin, asind cos, tan, csc, cot, sec

--sin(30)

Powers

^ power, exp, log, log10, log2, sqrt,

round nearest int. floor -inf
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Rounding Functions

fix 0 ceil +inf

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Complex number

c1= 2-3i or 2-3j or 2 -3*sqrt(-1) 0r complex(2,-3) c2= sqrt(-2)=? c3=7+sin(0.5)j Execute it c4=(c1+c2)/c3 c5=real(c4) =imag(c4) =abs(c4) =angle(c4)
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Floating Points

format short format long precision; eps(x), eps(1), eps(10)

PROBLEM: Execute the following

0.08 - 0.5 + 0.42 0.42-0.5+0.08 0.08 +0.42 -0.5

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Number Theory

factor isprime prime gcd lcm

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DATA Types

double, single uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64 int8, int16, int32 int64 class(x) %data type of x isinteger, isnumeric, isfloat char cell
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Array (1D)

Construction

x=[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ]; x=1:10 or 1:1:10 x=linspace(1,10,10); y=(0:0.1:1)*pi = ? y=linspace(0,pi,11); y=linspace(2,17,24); z=logspace(0,2,10)=?

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Array (1D)

Indexing
x(0) error x(1), x(4) y=x(2:7) y=x(4:end) y=x(1:2:end) y=x(10:-1:1) y=x([ 3 2 1 9 10 ]) y=x([1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 ]) x(3.4)=? 20 x(100)=?

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Array (1D)

Creating an array from others z = [x y] % appending z =[y x] z= [x(1:2:10) 1 0 1 0] Transpose z=x z=x.
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Array (2D) Matrix

Construction

x=[ 1 2 ;4 5]; x=[1 2 3; 2 3]=?

Indexing

x(1,1), x(1,2) y=x(1,:) y=x(:,1) y=x(2:3,1:5)

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Array Operations

y=x-2 y=2*x-1 2*x/5+1 x+y; %element wise x-y; x.*y x./y Q: 1./x, x./y and x.\y x.^2

x and y of same size

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Array Operations

1./x =? x.^y ones(r,c) zeros(r,c) x*y inv(x), rank(x), eig(x) x(2,3)=1 x(3:6, 5:8)=0
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Matrix

Matrix Manipulation

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Multidimensional Array

x(1,1,1) y(1,1,1,1,1, . . . .) Almost every operation of 2D Arrays can be extended to 3D 4D..nD

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Problems

Do arithmetic operations with different data types and conclude it Check isinteger, isnumeric, isfloat with different values

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Cell Array

Cell Array? Construction

variable should not exist before. A(1,1)={[ 2 3 ; 3 4]} A(2,2)={HI} A{1,1}=[2 3;3 4] A{2,2} =HI

celldisp(A), cell(2,3) indexing manipulation

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Indexing: Array, matrix and Cell

x=[2 3; 3 4] x(:), x(1), x(4) x(:) y=reshape(x,n,m)

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Character Strings

Construction

txt=Hi my name is Bajaj txt =[ hi hello how are you?] txt =[ hi How are you? ] txt= char(hi, how are you?)

Indexing and Manipulation

size(txt) txt(1), txt (2,10), txt(2:5) txt(3)=N

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Character Strings

Operations

double(txt) char(x) txt t=int2str(524); num2str(34.3) str2int(32) str2num(32432.3);

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Logical Operation

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Loops/if-else

for i=1:10 end while i>10 i=i+1 end

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if x==y elseif x==z end

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find command

x=randint(1,10,3) i=find(x), find(x>0), find(x==1)

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Plots (2D)

y=rand(1,10); x=1:10 plot(x,y) plot(y) title(sin wave) xlabel(time) ylabel(Amplitude)

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plot(X1,Y1,LineSpec, ) plot(x,y,'-.or') plot(x,y,'d')

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Plots (2D)

plot(x,y) stem(x,y) stairs(x,y) area bar, bar3, barh feather errorbar, rose

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Plots (2D)

Multiple functions on same plot

plot(x1,y1,x2,y2,) hold on hold off

--grid on/off box off

axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) axis auto tight legend(x1 x2 )

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Plots (2D)

Multiplots

subplot(2,2,2)

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Plots 3D

plot3(x,y,z)

t=linspace(0,10*pi) plot3(sin(t), cos(t),t) x=sin(2*pi*t), y=x*x; [X Y]=meashgrid(1:101,1:101); plot3(X,Y,y) surf(y)

Meshgrid

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M file/script/function

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General Purpose Commands

clc, clear , clear all date, clock quit, exit size, length max, min who, whos disp

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