POLICY FORMULATION
POLICY General frame work containing detailed decisions OBJECTIVES Shows the extent and direction Core- Optional
DIAGNOSIS
Reveal defects and deficiencies, to see either objectives Relevant & adequate To see output & objectives
Defects & deficiencies reflects the gape Between Objectives & current situation
GAPE
POLICY MAKER
Policy Political task, (Minister, cabinet, Council of Minister Chief Executive of state are responsible for it)
PLANNER
Technical advisor, Analyse objectives with Resources See the implications of each objectives Present alternative methods for achieving objective Is practically involved in drafting the policy
EDUCATIONIST
Mediator/Professionally advise
EDUL MANAGEMENT
Planning, Programming, Implementing & Monitoring
Policy
a statement of intent for achieving an objective. Deliberate statement aimed at achieving specific
objective policies are formulated by the Government in order to provide a guideline in attaining certain objectives for the benefit of the people.
Importance and objective of any policy
to solve existing challenges in any society used as a tool to safeguard and ensure better services to
members of the society.
The Policy-Making Process Problem Definition Identify Issues Historical Why, How Current Conditions Policy Instruments Analyst's Frame Analytic Methods Identify the Options Cast of Characters Stakeholder Frames Decision Makers Influence Brokers
Analysis
Definition of Needed Change
Definition of Options &Means Definition of Strategy
Definition of Constituency Identification of Impediments Evaluation of Impediments
Implementation
Tactical Plan
Negotiations Regulation Enforcement Legislation
Assessment of Future Needs ? In any system/sector 1. Situation is diagnosed 2. Future needs are assessed i. Goods ii. Services Procedure for assessing future needs ( 7) 1. Calculations of the beneficiaries (No. of persons to be benefited) 2. Estimation of Institution/Programs. 3. Personnel requirements 4. Material Need 5. Physical facilities 6. Estimation of incentives(stu) 7. Ancillary services (specialized units are necessary to be involved in the process)
Procedure for assessing future needs ( 7)
1. Calculations of the beneficiaries
( No. of persons to be benefited) I. Needs ii. Preferences, iii. Geographical distrib: (Province, Area)
2. Estimation
i.No. of different institutions ii. Size of different institutions iii. Nature of programs Formal Non formal iv. Size of Programs
3. Personnel requirements
i. What will be their level ii. What type iii. Competencies iv. Job descriptions Professional, supervisors Curriculum development, Administrator, supervisor
4.Material Need
i.Text Books ii. Teaching aids iii. Equipments/apparatus
5.Physical faciltities
i. Need of building ii. Furniture iii. Fittings iv. Other necessary fac.
6. Estimation of incentives(stu)
i. Different incentives ii. Assistance iii. S/ship iv. Awards Loans
7. Ancillary services
i. Transport ii. Medical facilities iii. Placement in employ
COSTING FUTURE NEEDS
Cost data Calculations on the basis of past trends & analysis of current costs. In calculations per UNIT COST is preferred (student, teacher, book) Unit cost a useful tool for planning What to be costed.? i.Goods ii. Services
NEEDS AND RESOURCES
Objectives, Future needs assessment, costing------ Preparatory phases Needs & Resources ------- Capacity & resources
Needs & Resources
--------- Specific work
ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES
Grading the claims for resource allocations Mental intensive operation, Mathematical techniques
Grading is done of the following
I.
Future development of a system i. New establishment ii. Improvement iii. Expansion iv. Growth
Competitors for resources I) Objectives 2) Programmes 3) Projects 4) Agencies Each competitors or each activity is to be justified
ii.
Justification/Grading involves: i. Dispensables ii. Wants iii. Musts
These decisions are taken by policy making authorities.?
Not urgent, can be postponed lowest priority Desirable, Not essential to be considered if resources permit Essentials cannot be postponed to be given top priority
SETTING TARGETS
Targets are fixed These are revised Upwards & downwards Target setting final stage Predetermined quality or level According to the resources available By the policy makers Here the activities are undertaken in planned period The resources can be projected with Available data. TARGETS i. Global targets (system) Sect oral/detailed targets ( enrolment in each level/type)
Policy
A course of action that create a desired objective in the interest of the masses or the people in a given country.
Policy formulation processes
1. Selecting the desired objective. 2. Identifying the target of the objective. 3. Determining the pathway to reach that objective. 4. Designing the specific program or measure in respect of that ; Target, Cost and Financing, Political issues. 5. Implementing and assessing its impact.
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you
were to live forever. Mahatma Gandhi
Education is the most powerful weapon which you
can use to change the world. Nelson Mandela
The educated differ from the uneducated as much as
the living differ from the dead. Aristotle
Thanks
