INTRODUCTION

A harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, i.e. if the fundamental frequency is f, the harmonics have frequencies 2f, 3f, 4f, . . . etc

PROBLEM
1) East Bus harmonic filter experienced failure of fifth harmonic reactor, fuses, and capacitor cans. 2) West Bus harmonic filter experienced failure of fuses and capacitor cans.

SOLUTION
The East Bus fifth harmonic filter may not be filtering properly for several possible reasons.

REASONS GIVEN
First, measurements have shown an unbalance in the phase currents to the entire filter shown an unbalance in the phase currents bank of 12.7% 13.1%. Phase-B current is 282 A, while Phase-A and Phase-C are 347 and 343 A, respectively, on average. So some capacitors were underrated and some were overrated.

REASONS GIVEN
Second, the inductance of the East Bus fifth harmonic was estimated to be 25 mH, which gives a tuned frequency of 3.9th harmonic. No design data were available from the manufacturer, and the rewind shop did not conduct an inductance test on either the rewound or undamaged reactors

REASONS
Voltage rating of the capacitors was underrated for applications at 13.8 kV, putting undue stress on the for applications at 13.8 kV, putting undue stress on the capacitors in the steady state and providing no margin for transient conditions. Since the rating of voltages had increased since installation.

SOLUTION GIVEN
The capacitors which were underrated ,were replaced by new capacitors. The inductance which was making filter to remove 5th harmonic,was dimensionally corrected to make it tuned to 5th harmonic.

Problems Caused by Harmonics

Transformer over-heating Circuit breaker trips Fuse blowing Equipment malfunction Increased KVA demand rms and peak Total Power Factor reduction Wasted energy

OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

We can use harmonic filter at transformer end, so that transmission line is free from carrying harmonic current.

OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

We can also use harmonic filter at the load end ,so that the harmonics which were introduced at transmission line can also be removed.

OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

We can use power quality meters at regular distances in system to measure wave distortion quantitatively.

OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

The rating of inductance and capacitance used should be such that they can withstand the temporary surges, so that they do not damage during surges.