NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSORS and MEASUREMENT CRYOGENIC FLUID LEVEL

Prepared by: Orlando Jr. M Abuhon

OUTLINE:
Definition of terms Nuclear Level Sensors Continuous Level Measurement Point Level Measurement Advantages and Disadvantages Cryogenic Fluid Level Measurement

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Nuclear - is the use of exothermic nuclear processes to generate useful heat and electricity.

Fluid - is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Gamma ray - refers to electromagnetic radiation of high frequency. Cryogenic - is the study of the production of very low temperature and the behavior of materials at those temperatures.

NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSOR

Nuclear Level Sensor uses a Radiationbased measurement. Radiation-based measurement is non-contact and unaffected by process pressure, temperature, or corrosive properties. In turn, the radiation passed through the process vessel does not affect the measured material.

NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSOR

Continuous Level Measurement

-uses energy attenuation of the beam to measure level.

Point Level Measurement

-is based on the presence or absence of the beam.

Nuclear Continuous Level Measurement

Operation:
-uses source of gamma radiation that is passed as a collimated beam through the process vessel and material toward the detector.

Nuclear Continuous Level Measurement

As the process level rises, it shields the detector from the radiation. The more radiation the detector receives, the lower the process level. The less radiation detected, the higher the process level. Process level is provided in the form of a current output.

Nuclear Point Level Measurement

Operation:
-For point level detection, a focused beam of gamma radiation is directed at a small detector that senses the presence or absence of the beam.

Nuclear Point Level Measurement

When process material in the vessel blocks the gamma radiation, the detected drop is used to energize (or de-energize) a relay.

Nuclear Level Sensors

Advantages
Non invasive to vessel No moving parts Simple installation and easy setup Easy maintenance More safe for personnel

Disadvantages
Costly Hazardous*

CRYOGENIC LEVEL SENSOR

Cryogenic Fluid Level can be measured using the following: A. Thermocouples B. RTDs C. Silicon diodes D. Thermistors

THERMOCOUPLES
A thermocouple is comprised of at least two metals joined together to form two junctions. One is called the measuring junction. The other junction is the reference junction. Thus the thermocouple enables measuring the unknown temperature of the body with reference to the known temperature of the other body.

PLATINUM RTD
- Platinum RTDS are sensors used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature.

SILICON DIODE
Silicon diodes are the most common temperature sensors used in cryogenic applications. They offer good sensitivity and a wide range of operation compared to other devices.

THERMISTOR
A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature, more so than in standard resistors.

Thank you!