Axonometric Projection

Chapter 14

Objectives

Describe the differences between multiview projection, axonometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective Sketch examples of an isometric cube, a dimetric cube, and a trimetric cube

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Objectives (cont.)

List the advantages of multiview projection, axonometric projection, oblique projection, and perspective Create an isometric drawing given a multiview drawing Use the isometric axes to locate drawing points
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Objectives (cont.)

Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in isometric Draw angles, ellipses, and irregular curves in isometric

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Projection Methods

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Types of Axonometric Projection

Isometric has equal foreshortening along each of the three axis directions Dimetric has equal foreshortening along two axis directions and a different amount on the third axis Trimetric has different foreshortening along all three axis directions
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Types of Axonometric Projection

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Isometric Projection

The projections of the edges of a cube in isometric projection make angles of 120 degrees with each other

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Isometric Projection

Lines of an isometric drawing that are not parallel to the isometric axes are called nonisometric lines

These lines are not equally foreshortened

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Isometric Projection

Isometric scales can be used to draw correct isometric projections

All distances are approximately 80% of true size

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Isometric Drawings

Isometric drawings, unlike isometric projections, are drawn using the full length measurements of the actual drawing and lacks foreshortening

The isometric drawing is about 25% larger than the isometric projection

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Making an Isometric Drawing

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Isometric Drawings of Inclined Surfaces

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Hidden Lines and Centerlines

Hidden lines are omitted unless they are needed to make the drawing clear Center lines are shown if they are needed to indicate symmetry or if they are needed for dimensioning

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Angles in Isometric

Angles project true size only when the plane containing the angle is parallel to the plane of projection An angle may project to appear larger or smaller than the true angle depending on its position

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Irregular Objects

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Irregular Objects

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Curves in Isometric

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Ellipses in Isometric

If a circle lies in a plane that is not parallel to the plane of projection, the circle projects as an ellipse Ellipses can be constructed using offset measurements

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Ellipses in Isometric

Approximate ellipses can be constructed from arcs

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Drawing Isometric Cylinders

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Screw Threads in Isometric

Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at the symbolic thread pitch can be used to represent screw threads

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Arcs in Isometric

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Intersections

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Spheres in Isometric

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Isometric Sectioning

Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing open or irregularly shaped objects

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Isometric Dimensioning

Isometric dimensions are similar to dimensions on multiview drawings but should match the pictorial style

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Exploded Assemblies

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Piping Diagrams

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Dimetric Projection

A dimetric projection is an axonometric projection of an object where two of its axes make equal angles with the plane of projection and the third axis makes either a smaller or a greater angle

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Dimetric Projection

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Trimetric Projection

Trimetric projection is an axonometric projection where no two axes make equal angles with the plane of projection Each of the axes have different ratios of foreshortening

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Ellipses in Trimetric

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Axonometric Projections Using Intersections

Before computer automated drafting, a method was devised to create axonometric projections using projections from orthographic views

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Axonometric Projections Using Intersections

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