Axonometric Projection

Axonometric Projection
Chapter 14
Objectives
• Describe the differences between

multiview projection, axonometric
projection, oblique projection, and
perspective
• Sketch examples of an isometric cube, a
dimetric cube, and a trimetric cube
Technical Drawing 13th Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart 2 All Rights Reserved.
Objectives (cont.)
• List the advantages of multiview

projection, axonometric projection,
oblique projection, and perspective
• Create an isometric drawing given a
multiview drawing
• Use the isometric axes to locate
drawing points
Objectives (cont.)
• Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in

isometric
• Draw angles, ellipses, and irregular
curves in isometric
Projection Methods
Types of Axonometric Projection
• Isometric – has equal foreshortening

along each of the three axis directions
• Dimetric – has equal foreshortening
along two axis directions and a different
amount on the third axis
• Trimetric – has different foreshortening
along all three axis directions
Types of Axonometric Projection
Isometric Projection
• The projections of the edges of a cube

in isometric projection make angles of
120 degrees with each other
• Lines of an isometric drawing that are

not parallel to the isometric axes are
called nonisometric lines
• These lines are not
equally foreshortened
• Isometric scales can be used to draw

correct isometric projections
• All distances are approximately 80% of
true size
Isometric Drawings
• Isometric drawings, unlike isometric

projections, are drawn using the full
length measurements of the actual
drawing and lacks foreshortening
• The isometric drawing is about 25% larger
than the isometric projection
Making an Isometric Drawing
Isometric Drawings of Inclined
Surfaces
Hidden Lines and Centerlines
• Hidden lines are omitted unless they are

needed to make the drawing clear
• Center lines are shown if they are
needed to indicate symmetry or if they
are needed for dimensioning
Angles in Isometric
• Angles project true size only when the

plane containing the angle is parallel to
the plane of projection
• An angle may project to appear larger
or smaller than the true angle
depending on its position
Irregular Objects
Irregular Objects
Curves in Isometric
Ellipses in Isometric
• If a circle lies in a plane that is not

parallel to the plane of projection, the
circle projects as an ellipse
• Ellipses can be constructed using offset
measurements
Ellipses in Isometric
• Approximate
ellipses can be
constructed from
arcs
Drawing Isometric Cylinders
Screw Threads in Isometric
• Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at

the symbolic thread pitch can be used
to represent screw threads
Arcs in Isometric
Intersections
Spheres in Isometric
Isometric Sectioning
• Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing

open or irregularly shaped objects
Isometric Dimensioning
• Isometric dimensions are similar to

dimensions on multiview drawings but
should match the pictorial style
Exploded Assemblies
Piping
Diagrams
Dimetric Projection
• A dimetric projection is an axonometric

projection of an object where two of its
axes make equal angles with the plane
of projection and the third axis makes
either a smaller or a greater angle
Dimetric Projection
Trimetric Projection
• Trimetric projection is an axonometric

projection where no two axes make
equal angles with the plane of
projection
• Each of the axes have different ratios of
foreshortening
Ellipses in Trimetric
Axonometric Projections Using
Intersections
• Before computer automated drafting, a
method was devised to create
axonometric projections using
projections from orthographic views
Axonometric Projections Using
Intersections

Axonometric Projection

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Axonometric Projection

• Describe the differences between

• List the advantages of multiview

• Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in

• Isometric – has equal foreshortening

• The projections of the edges of a cube

• Lines of an isometric drawing that are

• Isometric scales can be used to draw

• Isometric drawings, unlike isometric

• Hidden lines are omitted unless they are

• Angles project true size only when the

• If a circle lies in a plane that is not

• Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at

• Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing

• Isometric dimensions are similar to

• A dimetric projection is an axonometric

• Trimetric projection is an axonometric

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