Unit J Isometric

Axonometric Projection
Chapter 14
Objectives
• Describe the differences between

multiview projection, axonometric
projection, oblique projection, and
perspective
• Sketch an example of an isometric
cube.
Technical Drawing 13th Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart 2 All Rights Reserved.
Objectives (cont.)
• List the advantages of multiview

projection, isometric projection, oblique
projection, and perspective
• Create an isometric drawing given a
multiview drawing
• Use the isometric axes to locate
drawing points
Objectives (cont.)
• Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in

isometric
• Draw angles, ellipses, and irregular
curves in isometric
Projection Methods
Types of Axonometric Projection
• Isometric – has equal foreshortening

along each of the three axis directions
• Dimetric – has equal foreshortening
along two axis directions and a different
amount on the third axis
• Trimetric – has different foreshortening
along all three axis directions
Types of Axonometric Projection
Isometric Drawing
• The lines of the edges of a cube in

isometric make angles of 120 degrees
with each other
30-90-150 DEGREE ANGLES
• Laying out the angles….
90
30
150
Non-Isometric Lines
• Lines of an isometric drawing that are

not parallel to the isometric axes are
called non-isometric lines
• These lines are those
that do not follow the
30-90-150 pattern
Isometric Projection
• Isometric scales can be used to draw

correct isometric projections
• All distances are approximately 80% of
true size
Isometric Drawings
• Isometric drawings, unlike isometric

projections, are drawn using the full
length measurements of the actual
drawing and lacks foreshortening
• The isometric drawing is about 25% larger
than the isometric projection
Making an Isometric Drawing
A 2 X 2 X 2 CUBE
• Start with construction lines of your critical angles
TOP
FRONT RIGHT
SIDE
A 2 X 2 X 2 CUBE
• Mark out along those lines the lengths needed. Use

actual lengths!
• Project from the right side information to the top and
the front.
A 2 X 2 X 2 CUBE
Connect all needed points, and then darken to finalize.
Creating an overall outline of the object gives the draftsman

points of reference and can be a time saver vs. trying to just
draw just the minimum information.
Isometric Drawings of Inclined
Surfaces
Using “Point Reference”
• Getting the right information…
• We need to use point reference vs. angular reference
because we cannot transfer angles directly into
drawing.
Using Reference Points….
• Draw an overall outline of the drawing.
• Mark any reference points for the non-isometric surface
• Draw in the surface by connecting the reference points
• Finalize by darkening object lines.
TOP
FR
RS
Angles in Isometric
• Angles project true size only when the

plane containing the angle is parallel to
the plane of projection
• An angle may project to appear larger
or smaller than the true angle
depending on its position
Hidden Lines and Centerlines
• Hidden lines are omitted unless they

are needed to make the drawing clear
• Center lines are shown if they are
needed to indicate symmetry or if they
are needed for dimensioning
Irregular Objects
Irregular Objects
Start with “what you know” (the square ends), then draw the sections in
using them as “Points of Reference” to construct the rest of the drawing.
You must draw each section in Orthographic and then transfer it to the
Isometric Drawing.
Curves in Isometric
Ellipses in Isometric
• If a circle lies in a plane that is not

parallel to the plane of projection, the
circle projects as an ellipse
• Approximate
ellipses can be
constructed from
arcs
*Notice how each circle
appears different in each of
the views.
• Start with creating critical points (where to put the
needle and where to start the arcs)
• Place needle and let the end lines

dictate the radius.
* Notice how each circle
appears different in each of
the views.
Drawing a Specific Size Circle in Isometric
• If you need a circle that is 1” in diameter then you need to construct a

1” square in isometric. (e.g. Right side)
• Then follow the pattern used in the box to construct a proper ellipse.
• Remember to use the pattern that will complete an ellipse that sits at
the proper angle according to the view.
Drawing Isometric Cylinders
FROM THE ORIGINAL ELLIPSE, PROJECT IN THE DIRECTION OF THE CYLINDER THE POINTS WHERE
THE NEEDLE IS TO BE PLACED. THE PROJECTION LINES SHOULD BE THE LENGTH OF THE
CYLINDER.
Screw Threads in Isometric
• Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at

the symbolic thread pitch can be used
to represent screw threads
Arcs in Isometric
Intersections
Isometric Sectioning
• Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing

open or irregularly shaped objects
Isometric Dimensioning
• Isometric dimensions are similar to

dimensions on multiview drawings but
should match the pictorial style
Exploded Assemblies
Piping
Diagrams

Unit J Isometric

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Unit J Isometric

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Axonometric Projection

• Describe the differences between

• List the advantages of multiview

• Draw inclined and oblique surfaces in

• Isometric – has equal foreshortening

• The lines of the edges of a cube in

• Laying out the angles….

• Lines of an isometric drawing that are

• Isometric scales can be used to draw

• Isometric drawings, unlike isometric

• Start with construction lines of your critical angles

• Mark out along those lines the lengths needed. Use

Connect all needed points, and then darken to finalize.

Creating an overall outline of the object gives the draftsman

• Angles project true size only when the

• Hidden lines are omitted unless they

• If a circle lies in a plane that is not

• Place needle and let the end lines

• If you need a circle that is 1” in diameter then you need to construct a

• Parallel partial ellipses equally spaced at

• Isometric sectioning is useful in drawing

• Isometric dimensions are similar to

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