Prepared by Ameer Sultan Department of English International Islamic University, Islamabad

Types of Communication

Internal Communication External Communication

Internal Communication
A vital means of attending company concerns is through effective internal communication Downward (From higher management to lower management)
Upward

(From lower management to higher management)

Horizontal (Between peers)

Downward Communication
Employees can be better motivated and more efficient.
They need guideline from higher management about

clear job direction and organizational strategies

It helps employers to build confidence and feeling of

ownership among the employees.

Employers who communicate effectively have more

productive employees.

Upward Communication
Executives can get sincere and frank comments from employees. It helps executive to understand the complaints, problems and

suggestion of employees.
It is very important to involve lower management in decision-

making. It can bring a miracle in a company.

It is the modern style of running a company. Effective upward communication make executives aware about

the wishes and aspirations of their employees.

Horizontal Communication
Horizontal communication between peers is very

important for problem solving in a company.

Sometime it is formal during meetings and writing reports. It is more informal as compare to upward and downward

communication.
It is considered more effective and powerful due to equal

status and intellect of sender and receiver.

External Communication
Messages to persons outsider the company can have a

far-reaching effects on its reputation and ultimate success. The right letter, proposal, report, telephone call, or personal conversation can
win back a disgruntled customer create a desire for a firms product or service help negotiate a profitable sale

Encourage collections
Motivate performance Create goodwill

Difference between Oral and Written Communication

Oral Immediate feedback Shorter sentences; shorter words Conversational Written Delayed feedback Longer sentences; longer words More formal

Focus on interpersonal relations

Prompt action Less detailed technical information More Personal pronouns

Focus on content
Delayed action More detailed technical information Fewer personal pronouns

More colloquial language

Simpler constructions (Temporary) More imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory sentences

More complex construction

Useful for permanent record; detailed documentation Possibility of review