1

1.7
Density
Chapter 1 Measurements
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
2
Density
Compares the mass of an object to its volume.
Is the mass of a substance divided by its
volume.

Density expression
Density = mass = g or g = g/cm
3

volume mL cm
3


Note: 1 mL = 1 cm
3




Density
3
Densities of Common Substances
4
Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its density
in g/cm
3
if 50.0 g of osmium has a volume of 2.22
cm
3
?

1) 2.25 g/cm
3

2) 22.5 g/cm
3

3) 111 g/cm
3



Learning Check
5
Given: mass = 50.0 g volume = 22.2 cm
3

Plan: Place the mass and volume of the osmium metal
in the density expression.

D = mass = 50.0 g


volume 2.22 cm
3

calculator = 22.522522 g/cm
3


final answer (2)

= 22.5 g/cm
3



Solution
6
Volume by Displacement
A solid completely
submerged in water
displaces its own
volume of water.
The volume of the
solid is calculated
from the volume
difference.
45.0 mL - 35.5 mL
= 9.5 mL
= 9.5 cm
3


Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
7
Density Using Volume
Displacement

The density of the zinc object is
then calculated from its mass
and volume.

mass = 68.60 g = 7.2 g/cm
3

volume 9.5 cm
3
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8
What is the density (g/cm
3
) of 48.0 g of a metal if the
level of water in a graduated cylinder rises from 25.0
mL to 33.0 mL after the metal is added?

1) 0.17 g/cm
3
2) 6.0 g/cm
3
3) 380 g/cm
3











Learning Check
object
33.0 mL
25.0 mL

9
Solution
Given: 48.0 g Volume of water = 25.0 mL
Volume of water + metal = 33.0 mL
Need: Density (g/mL)
Plan: Calculate the volume difference. Change to cm
3
,
and place in density expression.
33.0 mL - 25.0 mL = 8.0 mL
8.0 mL x 1 cm
3
= 8.0 cm
3

1 mL
Set up Problem:
Density = 48.0 g = 6.0 g = 6.0 g/cm
3

8.0 cm
3
1

cm
3
10
Sink or Float
Ice floats in
water because
the density of ice
is less than the
density of water.
Aluminum sinks
because its
density is
greater than the
density of water.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
11
Which diagram correctly represents the liquid layers
in the cylinder? Karo (K) syrup (1.4 g/mL), vegetable
(V) oil (0.91 g/mL,) water (W) (1.0 g/mL)
1 2 3

K
K
W
W
W
V
V
V
K
Learning Check
12
1)


vegetable oil 0.91 g/mL
water 1.0 g/mL
Karo syrup 1.4 g/mL


K
W
V
Solution
13

Density can be written as an equality.
For a substance with a density of 3.8 g/mL, the
equality is
3.8 g = 1 mL

From this equality, two conversion factors can be
written for density.

Conversion 3.8 g and 1 mL
factors 1 mL 3.8 g



Density as a Conversion Factor
14
The density of octane, a component of gasoline, is
0.702 g/mL. What is the mass, in kg, of 875 mL of
octane?
1) 0.614 kg
2) 614 kg
3) 1.25 kg



Learning Check
15
Solution
1) 0.614 kg
Given: D = 0.702 g/mL V= 875 mL
Unit plan: mL g kg
Equalities: density 0.702 g = 1 mL
and 1 kg = 1000 g

Setup: 875 mL x 0.702 g x 1 kg = 0.614 kg
1 mL 1000 g
density metric
factor factor
16
If olive oil has a density of 0.92 g/mL, how many
liters of olive oil are in 285 g of olive oil?



1) 0.26 L

2) 0.31 L

3) 310 L
Learning Check
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Solution
2) 0.31 L

Given: D = 0.92 g/mL mass = 285 g
Need: volume in liters
Plan: g mL L
Equalities: 1 mL = 0.92 g and 1 L = 1000 mL
Set Up Problem:

285 g x 1 mL x 1 L = 0.31 L
0.92 g 1000 mL
density metric
factor factor
18
A group of students collected 125 empty aluminum
cans to take to the recycling center. If 21 cans
make 1.0 lb aluminum, how many liters of
aluminum (D=2.70 g/cm
3
) are obtained from the
cans?

1) 1.0 L 2) 2.0 L 3) 4.0 L


Learning Check
19
Solution
1) 1.0 L

125 cans x 1.0 lb x 454 g x 1 cm
3
x 1 mL x 1 L
21 cans 1 lb 2.70 g 1 cm
3
1000 mL

= 1.0 L

20
Which of the following samples of metals will displace
the greatest volume of water?

1 2 3





25 g of aluminum
2.70 g/mL
45 g of gold
19.3 g/mL
75 g of lead
11.3 g/mL
Learning Check
21
Solution
25 g of aluminum
2.70 g/mL
1)

Plan: Calculate the volume for each metal and select
the metal sample with the greatest volume.
1) 25g x 1 mL = 9.3 mL aluminum
2.70 g
2) 45 g x 1 mL = 2.3 mL gold
19.3 g
3) 75 g x 1 mL = 6.6 mL lead
11.3 g