COMPILATION OF

ACTIVITIES IN
LABORATORY MATHEMATICS
Second Semester

BSMT II
Angelica R. Blancada
Ma. Veronica M. Del Rosario
Marl Loiz B. Gonzales
Ma. Carmela N. Mangao

Prof. Cecilio Ichon

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………………. 2

Significant Figures …………………………………………………………………… 3

Scientific Notation ………………………………………………………………….. 4

Density …………………………………………………………………………………... 5

Mass and Volume …………………………………………………………………… 8

Measurement Metric System …………………………………………………. 11

Measurement in English System …………………………………………….. 12

Temperature Conversion Degrees Centigrade

to Degree Fahrenheit to Degrees Kelvin …………………………………. 16

Dilution and Concentration ……………………………………………………. 18

Calculating Percentage Composition ………………………………………. 20

Molarity …………………………………………………………………………………. 22

Molality ………………………………………………………………………………….. 25

Normality ……………………………………………………………………………….. 28

2
Significant Figures

1. 1.123 grams = 4 significant figures

2. 61.8 inches = 3 significant figures

3. 0.83 ml = 2 significant figures

4. 100.01 kilograms = 5 significant figures

5. 501 ml = 3 significant figures

6. 1568711 feet = 7 significant figures

7. 98 fruits = no significant figure

8. 200009 cc = 6 significant figures

9. 8.092 cc = 4 significant figures

10. 4.9900 km = 5 significant figures

3
Scientific Notation
1. 90000 inches = 9.0 x 104

2. .00059 cc = 5.9 x 10 -4

3. 6841000 km = 6.841 x 10 6

4. 88001001 lbs = 8.8001001 x 107

5. .000031 feet = 3.1 x 10-5

6. .00056 grams = 5.6 x 10-4

7. 96 mg = 9.6 x 101

8. 61.4 grams = 6.14 x 101

9. 0.52 liters = 5.2 x 10-1

10. 306 = 3.06 x 102

4
Density
1. The volume of an object is 8 cc and a mass of 84 grams. Find its density?
Given:
Volume: 8 cc
Mass: 84 grams
Density:

Solution:
84 grams / 8 cc = 10.5 g/cc

2. 500 grams of sugar occupies a volume of 0.315 liters. What is the density of the sugar in
grams per milliliter?
Given:
Volume: 0.315 liters
Mass: 500 grams
Density:

Solution:
500 grams / 0.315 liters = 1587 grams/liter
1587 grams/liter x 1 liter / 1000 ml = 1.587 grams/ ml

3. If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cm3, what is the density of the gold?
Given:
Volume: 5 cm3
Mass: 96.5 grams
Density:

Solution:
96.5 grams / 5 cm3 = 19.3 g/cm3

4. The volume of an object is 8 cm3 and mass of an object is 84 grams. What is the density
of the object?
Given:
Volume: 8 cm3
Mass: 84 grams
Density:

Solution:
84 grams / 8 cm3 = 10.5 g/cm3

5
5. The volume of water is 35 cm3 and mass of water is 60 grams, what is the density of the
water.
Given:
Volume: 35 cm3
Mass: 60 grams
Density:

Solution:
60 grams / 35 cm3 = 1.7 g/cm3

6. The mass of a metal is 120 grams and volume of a metal is 60 cm 3. What is the density of
the metal?
Given:
Volume: 60 cm3
Mass: 120 grams
Density:

Solution:
120 grams / 60 cm3 = 2 g/cm3

7. A solid ball has a mass of 50 grams and a volume of 20 cm3. What is the density?
Given:
Volume: 20 cm3
Mass: 50 grams
Density:

Solution:
50 grams / 20 cm3 = 2.5 g/cm3

8. A solid ball has a mass of 100 grams and a radius of 2 cm. What is the density?
Given:
Volume: 2 cm
Mass: 100 grams
Density:

Solution:
100 grams / 2 cm = 50 g/cm

6
9. If a liquid has a mass of 352 grams and a volume of 0.546 liter, what is the density of the
liquid in g/ml
Given:
Volume: 0.546 liters
Mass: 352 grams
Density:

Solution:
352 grams / 0.546 liters = 644 g/liter
644 g/liter x 1L / 1000 ml = .644 g/ml

10. A flask contains 25.0 ml of ether weighing 17.84 grams. What is the density of ether
Given:
Volume: 25 ml
Mass: 17.84 grams
Density:

Solution:
17.84 grams / 25 ml = 0.71 g/ml

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Mass and Volume
MASS
1. Find the mass of an objective with a density of 8 g/cc and a volume of 9 cc
Given:
Density: 8 g/cc
Volume: 9 cc
Mass:

Solution:
8 g/cc x 9 cc = 72 grams

2. The density of a substance is 1.63 grams per milliliter. What is the mass of 0.25 liters of
the substance in grams?
Given:
Density: 1.63 g/ml
Volume: 0.25 liters
Mass:

Solution:
1.63 g/ml x 0.25 liters = 0.4075 g/liter
0.4075 g/liter x 1000 ml / 1 liter = 407.5 grams

3. What is the mass of a 15 centimeter cube of iron if the density of iron is 7.87 grams/
centimeter3?
Given:
Density: 7.87 g/centimeter3
Volume: 15 centimeter3
Mass:

Solution:
7.87 g/centimeter3 x 15 centimeter3 = 118.05 grams

4. If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose
volume is .5 cm3?
Given:
Density: 3.5 g/cm3
Volume: .5 cm3
Mass:

Solution:
3.5 g/cm3 x .5 cm3 = 1.75 grams

8
 5. The volume of a block is 5 cm3, if the density of the block is 250 g/cm 3; what is the mass
of the block?
Given:
Density: 250 g/cm3
Volume: 5 cm3
Mass:

Solution:
250 g/cm3 x 5 cm3 = 1250 grams

VOLUME

1. Find the volume of an object with a mass of 100 g and a density of 1.50 g/cc
Given:
Mass: 100 g
Density: 1.50 g/cc
Volume:

Solution:
100 g / 1.50 g/cc = 66.67 cc or 67 cc

2. The density of pure solid copper is 8.94 grams per milliliter. What volume does 5
kilograms of copper occupy?
Given:
Mass: 5 kg
Density: 8.94 g/ml
Volume:

Solution:
5 kg / 8.94 g/ml = 0.559 kg/ml
0.559 kg/ml x 1000 g/ 1 kg = 559 ml

3. If a 96.5 g piece of aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm 3, what is its volume?
Given:
Mass: 96.5 grams
Density: 2.7 g/cm3
Volume:

Solution:
96.5 g / 2.7 g/cm3 = 35.7 cm3

9
4. Wood has a density of 0.53 g/cm3. What is the volume of 33.3 g of wood?
Given:
Mass: 33.3 grams
Density: 0.53 g/cm3
Volume:

Solution:
33.3 g / 0.53 g/cm3 = 62.83 cm3

5. Copper has a density of 8.9 g/cm3. What is the volume of 2.78 g of copper?
Given:
Mass: 2.78 grams
Density: 8.9 g/cm3
Volume:

Solution:
2.78 g / 8.9 g/cm3 = .31 cm3

10
Measurement Metric System
1. Convert 4206 mm = _____ cm

2. Convert 0.04 um = _____ mm

3. Convert 37 g = _____ mg

4. Convert 45.36 g = _____ kg

5. Convert 42 mL = _____ liters

6. Convert 1 mL = _____ ul

7. Convert 27 liters = _____ cc (or cm3)

8. Convert 0.046 mm = _____ nm

9. Convert 0.047 mg = _____ g

10. Convert 3.6 L = _____ mL

Answer

1. 4206 mm ÷ 10 = 420.6 cm

2. 0.04 um ÷ 1000 = 0.0004 mm

3. 37 g x 1000 = 37000 mg

4. 45.36 g ÷ 1000 = 0.04535 kg

5. 42 mL ÷ 1000 = 0.042 L

6. 1 mL x 1000 = 1000 ul

7. 27 L ÷ 1000 = 0.027 cc (cm3)

8. 0.046 mm x 1000 000 = 46000 nm

9. 0.047 g ÷ 1000 = 0.00047 kg

10. 3.61 L x 1000 = 3610 mL

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Measurement in English System
1. Convert 1.000 km to inches.

Solution:
1) A conversion that you should memorize is this:
1 inch = 2.54 cm
2) Based on that, I propose to first change km to cm (which is a common Metric-only
conversion):
1.000 km times (105 cm / km) = 1.000 x 105 cm
3) Now, the conversion to inches:
1.000 x 105 cm times (1 inch / 2.54 cm) = 39370 inch

2. Convert 4.04 x 105 feet to centimeters

Solution:
1) Convert feet to inches:
4.04 x 105 feet x (12 inches / ft) = 4.848 x 106 in
2) Convert inches to centimeters:
4.848 x 106 in x (2.54 cm / in) = 1.23 x 107 cm (to three sig figs)

3. Convert 1.000 yards to nanometers.

Solution:
Here is the solution, set up in dimensional analysis style:

3 ft 12 in 2.54 cm 107 nm
1.000 yd x ––––– x –––––– x –––––––– x ––––––– = 9.144 x 108
nm
yd ft in cm
I omitted the yard to feet conversion in the hand-written solution.

4. Convert 0.02515 ft3 to cm3

Solution:
1) Convert 1 foot to inches, then centimeters:
1 foot = 12 inches (by definition)
12 inches x (2.54 cm / 1 inch) = 30.48 cm

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 2) Calculate what one cubic foot would be in cubic centimeters:
30.48 cm x 30.48 cm x 30.48 cm = 28317 cm3
3) Determine answer to problem:
0.02515 ft3 x (28317 cm3 / ft3) = 712.2 cm3

5. A copper ingot has a mass of 2.94 lb. If the copper is drawn into wire whose diameter is 3.73
mm, how many inches of copper wire can be obtained from the ingot? The density of copper is
8.94 g/cm3

Solution:
1) We need to know the volume of the copper:
(2.94 lb) (453.6 g/lb) (1 cm3/8.94 g) = the volume in cm3
453.6 g 1 cm3
2.94 lb x ––––––– x ––––––– = 149.17 cm3
1 lb 8.94 g
Notice how the density is set up. We are dividing the mass of copper (in grams) by the
density in order to obtain the volume.
This is the volume of the wire with the 3.73 mm diameter.

2) The wire can be thought of as a cylinder. We want 'h,' the height of the cylinder:
V = πr2h
h = V / (πr2)
h = 149.17 cm3 / [(3.14159) (0.1865 cm)2]
h = 149.17 cm3 / 0.10927 cm2
h = 1365.15 cm
The 0.1865 cm is the 3.73 mm converted to cm and divided by 2 so as to have the radius.

3) Convert cm to inches:
(1365.15 cm) (1 in./2.54 cm) = 537 in (to three sig figs)

6. Convert 3.55 x 10-7 miles/min to hm/day

Solution:
1) Convert denominator first:
3.55 x 10-7 miles/min x (60 min / hr) x (24 hr / day) = 5.112 x 10-4 miles/day

2) Convert miles to meters, then to hectometers:

5.112 x 10-4 miles/day x (1609.34 m / mile) x (1 hm / 100 m) = 8.23 x 10-3 hm/day

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7. If 4.35 x 109 gallons of rain and snow fall on the United States daily, how many kilograms of
water fall on this country each hour?

Solution:
1) Convert to gal/hr:
4.35 x 109 gal/day times (1 day / 24 hr) = 1.8125 x 108 gal/hr

2) Determine weight of the gallons per hour that fall:

1.8125 x 108 gal/hr times 8.329 lb/gal = 1509631250 lb/hr
I used the density from the table here. I used the value for 70 °F, which is equal to about 21
°C

3) Convert pounds to kilograms:

1509631250 lb/hr times (1 kg / 2.20462 lb) = 6.84758 x 108 kg
To three sig figs would be 6.85 x 108 kg

8. A car's engine is rated at 3.60 liters (volume in the cylinders). How many cubic inches is this?
(Remember: 1 L = 1000 mL and 1 mL = 1 cm3)

Solution:
1 L = 1000 cm3 = 10 cm by 10 cm by 10 cm
1 inch = 2.54 cm
(10 cm x 1 in / 2.54 cm) by (10 cm x 1 in / 2.54 cm) by (10 cm x 1 in / 2.54 cm)
3.937 in by 3.937 in by 3.937 in = 61.0234 in3 <--- cubic inches in one liter
3.60 L x (61.0234 in3 / L) = 220. in3 (to three sig figs)

9. If zinc has a density of 446 lb/ft3 , what is the density of zinc in g/cm3?

(446 lb/ft3) (453.6 g/lb) <--- converts lb to g

(446 lb/ft3) (453.6 g/lb) (1 ft3/ (123 in3) <--- converts ft3 to in3, the unit would be g/in3 if we
ended here
(446 lb/ft3) (453.6 g/lb) (1 ft3/ (123 in3) (1 in3/ 2.543 cm3)

The answer is 7.14 g/cm3

Note the style of the conversion factors, to wit:

(1 ft3/ (123 in3)
The idea is this:
1 ft3 is a cube 12 inches on a side.
1 ft3 = 12 in x 12 in x 12 in = 123 in3

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10. The speed of light in a vacuum is 2.998 x 108 m/s. What is the speed of light in miles/sec?

Solution:
2.998 x 108 m/s times (1 mile / 1609.34 m) = 186,288 mile/s (not paying any attention to sig
figs)

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Temperature Conversion Degrees Centigrade to Degree Fahrenheit to Degrees
Kelvin

1. Make the following temperature conversions from Degree Centigrade to Degree

Fahrenheit.

a. °C = 45
9 b. °C = -40
°F = (45°C x ) + 32
5 9
°F = 81+32 °F = (-40°C x ) + 32
5
°F == -273
c. °C 113 °F = -72+32
9 °F = -40
°F = (-273°C x ) + 32
5
°F = -491.4+32
°F = -459.4

2. Make the following temperature conversions from Degree Fahrenheit to Degree

Centigrade.

c. °F = 0
5
°C = (0°F – 32)
9 a. °F = -112
5 5
°C = (-32) °C = (-112°F – 32)
9 9
°C = -17.77 or -17.78 5
b. °F = 98.6 °C = (-144)
9
5 °C = -80
°C = (98.6°F – 32)
9
5
°C = (66.6)
9
°C = 37

16
3. Make the following temperature conversions from Degree Fahrenheit to K.

b. °F = 475 a. °F = -184
5 5
°C = (475°F – 32) °C = (-184°F – 32)
9 9
5 5
°C = (475) °C = (-216)
9 9
°C = 263.9 °C = -120

K = 263.9°C + 273 K = 120°C + 273

K = 536.9 K = 153
c. °F = 1328 d. °F = 212
5 5
°C = (1328°F – 32) °C = (212°F – 32)
9 9
5 5
°C = (1296) °C = (180)
9 9
°C = 720 °C = 100

K = 720°C + 273 K = 100°C + 273

K = 993 K = 373

17
Dilution and Concentration

1. 1ml of whole blood added to 4ml of NSS.

1ml +4 ml 5 ml 1 100 100
= ∨1 :5= x = =20 %
1 ml 1 ml 5 1 5

2. 2ml of whole blood added to 8ml of NSS.

2ml +8 ml 10 ml 2 100 200
= ∨2 :10= x = =20 %
2 ml 2 ml 10 1 10

3. 4ml whole blood added to 6ml NSS.

4 ml +6 ml 10 ml 4 100 400
= ∨4 :10= x = =40 %
4 ml 4 ml 10 1 10

4. 5ml whole blood added to 5ml NSS.

5 ml+5 ml 10 ml 5 100 500
= ∨5 :10= x = =50 %
5 ml 5 ml 10 1 10

5. 8ml whole blood added to 12 ml NSS.

8 ml+12 ml 20 ml 8 100 800
= ∨8:20= x = =40 %
8 ml 8 ml 20 1 20

6. 1ml whole blood added to 9ml NSS.

1ml +9 ml 10 ml 1 100 100
= ∨1 :10= x = =10 %
1 ml 1 ml 10 1 10

7. 2cc of whole blood to 8cc NSS.

2 cc+8 cc 10 cc 5
= ∨5= ∨5 %
2 2 1

18
 8. 3ml whole blood added to 9ml of NSS.
3 ml+9 ml 12 ml 3 100 300
= ∨3 :12= x = =25 %
3 ml 3 ml 12 1 12

9. 0.2cc whole blood added to 9.8cc of NSS.

0.2 cc+ 9.8 cc 10 cc 5
= ∨5= ∨5 %
0.2 cc 0.2 cc 1

10. 1cc whole blood added to 4cc of NSS.

1cc + 4 cc 5 cc 5
= ∨5= ∨5 %
1 cc 1 cc 1

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Calculating Percentage Composition

1. Salicylic Acid C7H6O3

C = 7moles x 12g = 84/138 x 100% = 60.87%
H = 6moles x 1g = 6/138 x 100% = 4.35%
O = 3moles x 16g = 48/138 x 100% = 34.78 %
Total: 138 g/moles 100%

2. Sulfuric Acid H2SO4

H = 2 moles x 1g = 2/98 x 100% = 2.04 %
S = 1 moles x 32g = 32/98 x 100% = 32.65%
O = 4moles x 16g = 64/98 x 100% = 65.31 %
Total: 98 g/moles 100%

3. Palmitic Acid C16H32O2

C = 16moles x 12g = 72/256 x 100% = 75%
H = 32moles x 1g = 32/256 x 100% = 12.5 %
O = 2moles x 16g = 32/256 x 100% = 12.5 %
Total: 256 g/moles 100%

4. Ascorbic Acid C6H8O6

C = 6moles x 12g = 72/176 x 100% = 40.91%
H = 8moles x 1g = 8/176 x 100% = 4.54%
O = 6moles x 16g = 96/176 x 100% = 54.55 %
Total: 176 g/moles 100%

5. Ethyl Alcohol C2H5OH

C = 2moles x 12g = 24/46 x 100% = 52.17%
H = 6moles x 1g = 6/46 x 100% = 13.04 %
O = 1mole x 16g = 16/46 x 100% = 34.78%
Total: 46 g/moles 99.99 %

6. KMnO4
K = 1mole x 39 = 39/158 x 100% = 24.68%
Mn =1mole x 55 = 55/158 x 100% = 34.81 %
O = 4moles x 16 = 64/158 x 100% = 40.51 %
Total: 156 g/mole 100%

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7. NaHCO3
Na = 1mole x 23 = 23/84 x 100% = 27.38 %
H = 1moles x 1 = 1/84 x 100% = 1.19 %
C = 1 mole x 12 = 12/84 x 100% = 14.29 %
O = 3moles x 18 = 48/84 x 100% = 57.14 %
Total: 84 g/mole 100%
8. NaNO3
Na = 1mole x 23 = 23/85 x 100 % = 27.06 %
N = 1mole x 14 = 14/85 x 100% =16.47%
O = 3moles x 16 = 48/85 x 100% = 56.47 %
Total: 85 g/mole 100%

9. MnO
Mn = 1 mole x 55 = 55/71 x 100% = 77.46 %
O = 1 mole x 16 = 16/71 x 100% = 22.54
Total: 71 g/mole 100%
10. CH3COOH
C = 2moles x 12 = 24/60 x 100% = 40%
H = 4moles x 1= 4/60 x 100% = 6.67 %
O = 2molesx 16 = 32/60 x 100% = 53.33%
Total: 60g/mole 100%

21
Molarity

1. Calculate the Molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 9.8 moles of solid NaOH in water
to make 3.62 L of Solution.
Solution:
M= 9.8 mol / 3.62 L = 27. M

2. Sea water contains roughly 28.0 g of NaCl per liter. What is the molarity of sodium chloride
in sea water?
Solution:
MV = grams / molar mass
(x) (1.00 L) = 28.0 g / 58.443 g mol¯1
x = 0.4790993 M
to three significant figures, 0.479 M

3. What is the molarity of 245.0 g of H2SO4 dissolved in 1.000 L of solution?

Solution:
MV = grams / molar mass
(x) (1.000 L) = 245.0 g / 98.0768 g mol¯1
x = 2.49804235 M
to four sig figs, 2.498 M
If the volume had been specified as 1.00 L (as it often is in problems like this), the answer would
have been 2.50 M, NOT 2.5 M. You want three sig figs in the answer and 2.5 is only two SF.

4. What is the molarity of 5.30 g of Na2CO3 dissolved in 400.0 mL solution?

Solution:
MV = grams / molar mass
(x) (0.4000 L) = 5.30 g / 105.988 g mol¯1
0.12501415 M
x = 0.125 M (to three sig figs)

22
5. What is the molarity of 5.00 g of NaOH in 750.0 mL of solution?
Solution:
MV = grams / molar mass
(x) (0.7500 L) = 5.00 g / 39.9969 g mol¯1
(x) (0.7500 L) = 0.1250097 mol <--- threw in an extra step
x = 0.1666796 M
x = 0.167 M (to three SF)

6. How many moles of Na2CO3 are there in 10.0 L of 2.00 M solution?

Solution:
M = moles of solute / liters of solution
2.00 M = x / 10.0 L
x = 20.0 mol
Suppose the molarity was listed as 2.0 M (two sig figs). How to display the answer? Like this:
20. mol

7. How many moles of Na2CO3 are in 10.0 mL of a 2.0 M solution?

Solution:
M = moles of solute / liters of solution
2.0 M = x / 0.0100 L <--- note the conversion of mL to L
x = 0.020 mol

8. How many moles of NaCl are contained in 100.0 mL of a 0.200 M solution?

Solution:
0.200 M = x / 0.1000 L
x = 0.0200 mol

9. What weight (in grams) of NaCl would be contained in problem #7?

Solution:
(0.200 mol L¯1) (0.100 L) = x / 58.443 g mol¯1 <--- this is the full set up
x = 1.17 g (to three SF)
You could have done this as well:
58.443 g/mol times 0.0200 mol <--- this is based on knowing the answer from problem #7

23
10. What weight (in grams) of H2SO4 would be needed to make 750.0 mL of 2.00 M solution?
Solution:
(2.00 mol L¯1) (0.7500 L) = x / 98.0768 g mol¯1
x = (2.00 mol L¯1) (0.7500 L) (98.0768 g mol¯1)
x = 147.1152 g
to three sig figs, 147 g

24
Molality

1. Calculate the molality of a solution prepared from 29.22 grams of NaCl in 2.00 kg of
water.

Solution:
Na = 22.99 g/mol
Cl = 35.45 g/mol
Molecular mass NaCl= 58.44 g/mol
Convert grams to moles:
Moles of NaCl = 29.22 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.50 moles
m = 0.50 moles / 2.00 kg = 0.25 moles/kg or molal

2. Determine the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 75.0 g Ba(NO 3)2 in to 374.00
g of water at 25°C.

Solution:
Molar Mass of Ba(NO3)2 = 261.32 g/mol
Moles Ba(NO3)2 = 75.0 g / 261.32 g/mol = 0.28700 mole
m = 0.28700 mole / 0.37400 kg = 0.76739 mol/kg = 0.77 mol/kg

3. What is the molality of solution prepared by dissolving 200 g of glucose in 800 g of H 2O?

Solution:
Molar Mass of glucose = 180 g
800 g x 1kg / 1000 g = 0.8 kg
200 g x 1 mole / 180 g = 1.11 moles
m = 1.11 moles / 0.8 kg = 1.39 mol/kg

4. Calculate the molality of this solution, 0.250 mol Iodine in 1.0 kg of H 2O

Solution:
m = 0.250 mol Iodine / 1.0 kg of H2O = 0.25 mol/kg

25
5. What is the molality of a solution containing 100.0g of ethylene glycol in 150.0 g of
water?

Solution:
Molar Mass of ethylene glycol = 62 g
100.0 g x 1 mole / 62g = 1.61 mole
150.0 g of water x 1 kg / 1000 g = 0.15 kg
m = 1.61 mole / 0.15 kg = 10.73 mol/kg

6. A sulfuric acid solution containing 571.4 g of H2SO4 per liter of solution has a density of
1.329 g/cm3. Calculate the molality of H2SO4 in this solution

Solution:
1 L of solution = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3
1.329 g/cm3 x 1000 cm3 = 1329 g (the mass of the entire solution)
1329 g - 571.4 g = 757.6 g = 0.7576 kg (the mass of water in the solution)
571.4 g / 98.0768 g/mol = 5.826 mol of H2SO4
m = 5.826 mol / 0.7576 kg = 7.690 mol/kg

7. Calculate the molality of a 7.55 kg sample of a solution of the solute CH 2Cl2 (molar mass
= 84.93 g/mol) dissolved in the solvent acetone (CH3COH3C) if the sample contains 929 g
of methylene chloride.

Solution:
mass solvent: 7550 g - 929 g = 6621 g = 6.621 kg
moles solute: 929 g/ 84.93 g/mol = 10.9384 mol
m = 10.9384 mol / 6.621 kg = 1.65 mol/kg

8. What is the molality of a 3.75 M H2SO4 solution with a density of 1.230 g/mL?

Solution:
1000 ml x 1.230 g/ml = 1230 g
3.75 mol x 98.0768 g/mol = 367.788 g
1230 – 367.788 = 862.212 g
m = 3.75 mol / 0.862212 kg = 4.35 mol/kg

9. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 16.5 g of naphthalene (C 10H8) in 54.3 g

benzene (C6H6).

Solution:
m = (16.5 g / 128.1732 g/mol) / 0.0543 kg = 2.37 mol/kg

26
10. What is the molality of a solution consisting of 1.34 mL of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4,
density= 1.59 g/mL) in 65.0 mL of methylene chloride (CH 2Cl2, density = 1.33 g/mL)?

Solution:
1.34 mL x 1.59 g/mL = 2.1306 g
2.1306 g / 153.823 g/mol = 0.013851 mol
65.0 mL x 1.33 g/mL = 86.45 g = 0.08645 kg
m = 0.013851 mol / 0.08645 kg = 0.160 mol/kg

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Normality

1. Find the normality of H2SO4 having 49 g of H2SO4 present in 500 ml of solution.

Solution:
N = Mass of solute x 1000 / Equivalent mass x volume (in ml)
Molar Mass of H2SO4 = 98
N = 49 g x 1000 / 98/2 x 500 ml= 2 N

2. What is the normality of a solution of H2SO4 having a molarity of 0.100 M?

Solution:
N-factor = 2 ( 2 H+ ions )
N = 2 x 0.100 = 0.200 N

3. 30.0 ml of 0.0750 N HNO3 required 22.5 ml of Ca(OH)2 for neutralization. Calculate the
normality of the Ca(OH)2 solution.

Solution:
NaVa = NbVb
(0.0750 N) (30 ml) = (Nb) (22.5 ml)
Nb = 0.100 N

4. A 25.0 ml sample of an electroplating solution is analyzed for its sulfuric acid

concentration. It takes 46.8 ml of the 0.661 N NaOH to neutralize the sample, find the
normality of the acid.

Solution:
NaVa = NbVb
(Na) (25.0 ml) = (46.8 ml) (0.661 N)
Na = (46.8 ml / 25.0 ml) x 0.661 N = 1.24 N of H2SO4

5. Calculate the normality of a solution containing 0.5 g of NaOH dissolved in 500 ml.

Solution:
Molar Mass of NaOH = 40
N = 0.5 g / 40/1 x 500 ml x 1000 = 0.025 N

6. 20 ml of 10 N HCl are diluted with distilled water to form one litre of the solution. What
is the normality of the diluted solution?
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 Solution:
NaVa = NbVb
(20/1000) (10) = (Nb) (1000/1000)
Nb = 0.2 N

7. If 25.00 mL of citric acid solution is titrated with 28.12 mL of 0.1718 N KOH, what is the
concentration of citric acid?

Solution:
Na Va = Nb Vb
(Na) (25.00 ml) = (0.1718 N) (28.12 ml)
Na = 0.1932 N

8. Calculate the normality of 0.321 g sodium carbonate when it is mixed in a 250 mL

solution.

Solution:
N = Na2CO3 x (1 mol / 105.99 g) x (2 eq / 1 mol)
N = 0.1886 eq / 0.2500 L
N = 0.0755 N

9. Find the normality of the base if 31.87 mL of the base is used in the standardization of
0.4258 g of KHP (eq. wt = 204.23)?

Solution:
0.4258 g KHP × (1 eq/204.23g) × (1 eq base/1eq acid):
= 2.085 × 10-3 eq base/0.03187 L = 0.6542 N
Normality of the base is = 0.6542 N.

10. Calculate the normality of acid if 21.18 mL is used to titrate 0.1369 g Na 2CO3?

Solution:
0.1369 g Na2CO3 × (1 mol/105.99 g) × (2 eq/1 mol) × (1 eq acid/1 eq base):
= 2.583 × 10-3 eq acid/0.02118 L = 0.1212 N
Normality of the acid = 0.1212 N.

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