Family Planning: Topics to discuss

Family Planning
Rosebella Butoy, R.M.

Lucita Root, R.M.
Family Planning: Topics to discuss

Family Planning
Key Facts
Philippine Family Planning Program

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types
Family Planning
allows people to attain their desired number of children
and determine the spacing of pregnancies (World Health
Organization)
Family Planning
through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment
of infertility

Family Planning
Key Facts

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types
Family Planning: Key Facts

An estimated 222 million women in developing countries
would like to delay or stop childbearing but are not using
any method of contraception.

Some family planning
methods help prevent the
transmission of HIV and
other sexually transmitted
infections.

Family planning reduces the need for unsafe abortion.

Family planning reinforces peoples rights to determine
the number and spacing of their children.

Family Planning
Key Facts

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types

A national mandated priority public health program to
attain the country's national health development
a health intervention program

an important tool for the
improvement of the health
and welfare of mothers,
children and other
members of the family.

It also provides information and services for the couples
of reproductive age to plan their family according to their
beliefs and circumstances through legally and medically
acceptable family planning methods.

Family Planning
Key Facts

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types
Family Planning: Basic Principles
Responsible Parenthood
Respect for Life
Birth Spacing
Informed Choice
Each family has the right and duty to determine the
desired number of children they might have and when
they might have them
Beyond responsible parenthood is Responsible Parenting
Responsible Parenting is the proper upbringing and
education of children so that they grow up to be upright,
productive and civic-minded citizens
Respect for Life

The 1987 Constitution states that the government
protects the sanctity of life.
Abortion is NOT a FP method.
Birth Spacing
interval between pregnancies (which is ideally 3 years)
Birth Spacing
It enables women to recover their health
Birth Spacing
improves women's potential to be more productive and to
realize their personal aspirations
allows more time to care for children and
spouse/husband
Informed Choice
Upholding and ensuring the rights of couples to
determine the number and spacing of their children
according to their life's aspirations
Informed Choice
Reminding couples that planning size of their families
have a direct bearing on the quality of their children's and
their own lives

Family Planning
Key Facts

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types
Family Planning: Benefits

Preventing pregnancy-related health risks in women
Reducing infant mortality
Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS
Family Planning: Benefits

Empowering people and enhancing education
Reducing adolescent pregnancies
Slowing population growth
Preventing pregnancy-related
health risks in women
Too Young (below 18 years of age)
Too Old (35 years old and above)
Too Many (have 4 or more pregnancies)
Too Close (birth interval of less than 3 years)
Too Ill (having chronic diseases or disorders)
By reducing rates of unintended pregnancies, family
planning also reduces the need for unsafe abortion.
Reducing infant mortality

Recent studies indicate that the lowest risks for fetal
death, pre-term delivery, small for gestational age,
neonatal death, and low birth weight occur when births
are spaced from 3 to 5 years. (Demographic and Health
Surveys, 2002)

Family planning reduces the risk of unintended
pregnancies among women living with HIV, resulting in
fewer infected babies and orphans.

Male and female condoms provide dual protection
against unintended pregnancies and against STIs
including HIV.
Empowering people and

enhancing education
Family planning enables people to make informed
choices about their sexual and reproductive health.
Empowering people and

enhancing education
Having smaller families allows parents to invest more in
each child.
Children with fewer siblings tend to stay in school longer
than those with many siblings.

Pregnant adolescents are more likely to have preterm or
low birth-weight babies.

Babies born to adolescents have higher rates of neonatal
mortality.
Many adolescent girls who become pregnant have to
leave school.
Slowing population growth

Family planning is key to slowing unsustainable
population growth and the resulting negative impacts on
the economy, environment, and national and regional
development efforts.

Family Planning
Key Facts

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types
Family Planning: Types

Natural Methods
Artificial Methods
- Hormonal contraceptive Methods
- Barrier Methods
Long acting and Permanent Methods
Natural Methods
Fertility Awareness-Based (FAB) Methods
Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
Fertility Awareness-Based Method

family planning methods that focus on the awareness of
the beginning and end of the fertile time of a womans
menstrual cycle.
Fertility Awareness-Based Method

These methods involve:
Determination of the fertile and infertile periods of a
woman within the menstrual cycle.
Observation of the signs and symptoms of infertility and
fertility during the menstrual cycle.
Fertility Awareness-Based Methods
Includes:
Billings Ovulation Method (BOM)
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)
Symptothermal Method (STM)
Standard Days Method (SDM)
Billings Ovulation Method

based on the daily observation of what a woman sees
and feels at the vaginal area throughout the day.
Billings Ovulation Method

Cervical mucus changes indicate whether days are fertile
or infertile and can be used to avoid or achieve
pregnancy.
With perfect (correct) use, this method is 97% effective.
Basal Body Temperature

based on a womans resting body temperature (i.e. body
temperature after 3 hours of continuous sleep) which is
lower before ovulation until it rises to a higher level
beginning around the time of ovulation.
Basal Body Temperature

Her infertile days begin from the fourth day of the high
temperature reading to the last day of the cycle.
All days from the start of the menstrual cycle up to the
third high temperature reading are considered fertile
days.
With perfect use, this method is 99%
Symptothermal Method
Based on combined technology of the Basal Body
Temperature and the Billings Ovulation Method.
98% effective if correctly used.
Standard Days Method

Based on a calculated fertile and infertile period for
menstrual cycle lengths that are 26 to 32 days.
Standard Days Method

Couples on this methods use a device, the color-coded
cycle beads: to mark the fertile and infertile days of the
menstrual cycle.
Fertility Awareness Methods: Advantages
Effective when use correctly and consistently.

No physical side effects.
No prescription required.
Inexpensive.
Fertility Awareness Methods: Advantages

No follow-up medical appointments required.
Better understanding of the couple about their sexual
physiology and reproductive functions.
Encourage shared responsibility for family planning.
Foster better communication between partners.
Fertility Awareness Methods:

Disadvantages
May inhibit sexual spontaneity.
Except SDM, need extensive training.
Require consistent and accurate record keeping and
close attention to body changes.
Fertility Awareness Methods:

Disadvantages
For BBT and STM require rigid adherence to daily
routine of awakening at a fixed time.
For SDM can be used only by women whose cycles are
within 26-32 days.
Offer no protection against STI, HIV and AIDS.
Lactational Amenorrhea Method

Relies on the condition of infertility that results from
specific breastfeeding patterns.
Use of breastfeeding as a temporary family planning
method.
Lactational Amenorrhea Method

Lactational means related to breastfeeding
Amenorrhea means not having menstrual bleeding
99.5% effective
Lactational Amenorrhea Method:

Advantages
Can be started immediately after delivery.

Economical and easily available.
Does not require a prescription.
No action is required at the time of intercourse.

Advantages
No side effects or precautions to its use.

No commodities or supplies are required.
Fosters mother-child bonding.
Serves as a bridge to using other methods.
Consistent with religious and cultural practices.

Disadvantages
Fully and nearly fully breastfeeding pattern may be
difficult for some women to maintain.
Duration of the effectiveness limited to a brief 6-month
postpartum period.
No protection against STI, HIV and AIDS.
Hormonal Contraceptive Methods

Oral contraceptives (combined and progestin-only)
Progestin-only injectables
Oral Contraceptives
Low-dose combined estrogen-progestin
Progestin only pills

Low dose combined oral contraceptives
On of the most popular reversible contraceptive
combination developed to date.

Women worldwide in both developed and developing
countries use it safely.
Otherwise known as pills.
Taken daily to prevent conception.
99.7% effective if perfectly use.
Low-dose combined estrogen-progestin:

Advantages
Safe
Reversible
Convenient, easy to use
No need to do anything at the time of sexual intercourse

Disadvantages
Requires regular and dependable supply
Client-dependent inconsistent and not correct usage of
taking pills
Offers no protection against STI,HIV and AIDS

Disadvantages
Not most appropriate choice for lactating women.
Effectiveness may be lowered when taken with certain
drugs such as rifampicin and most anti-convulsants
Progestin only pills (POPs)

Contain small amount of progestin only.
Highly recommended oral contraceptive for breastfeeding
women because its does not interfere with milk
production.
99.5% effective when perfectly use
Progestin only pills (POPs): Advantages

Can be used by nursing mothers starting 6 weeks after
childbirth.
Quantity and quality of breast milk is not affected.
No estrogen side effects.

Women take one pill every day with no break. easier to
understand
Can be very effective during breastfeeding.

Even less risk of progestin-related side effects acne,
weight gain
May help prevent of having Benign disease, endometrial
and ovarian cancer, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Progestin only pills (POPs): Disadvantages

Women who are not breastfeeding experience changes in
menstrual bleeding.
Less common side effects.
Progestin only pills (POPs): Disadvantages

Must be taken at about the same time each day to be
effective.
Offers no protection against STI, HIV and AIDS.
Effectiveness may be lowered when certain drugs for
epilepsy (phenytoin and barbiturates) or tuberculosis
(rifampicin) are taken.
Progestin-only injectable contraceptives
Progestin only preparation given intramuscularly.

A three-month injectable contraceptive.
Highly effective contraceptive method.
99.7% effective if perfectly used.
Progestin-only injectable contraceptives:

Advantages
Reversible
No need for daily intake
Does not interfere with sexual intercourse

Advantages
Perceived as culturally acceptable by some women

Private
Has no estrogen-related side effects
Does not affect breastfeeding

Disadvantages
Return to fertility is delayed average is about 10 months
from the last injection
Requires an injection every 2 to 3 months
Does not protect against STI, HIV and AIDS

Disadvantages
Menstrual irregularity during first few months
Amenorrhea
Not possible to discontinue immediately (until DMPA is
cleared from the womans body)
Barrier Methods
Male condom
Male condom
Only FP method included in the Philippine Family
Program that prevents both pregnancy and sexuallytransmitted infections (STIs).
Male Condom
A sheath made of thin, latex rubber made to fit over a
mans erect penis.
98% effective if perfectly used.
Male condom: Advantages
Protects against STI, HIV and AIDS

Easy to use
Usually easy to obtain
Usually inexpensive
Male condom: Advantages

Safe, effective and portable
Helps protect against cervical cancer
Allows men to share more responsibility for family
planning
Convenient for short-term contraception
Male condom: Disadvantages

Some men complain of decreased sensitivity
Interrupts the sexual act
Slipping off, tearing, spillage of sperm can occur
Male condom: Disadvantages

Allery to latex (rare)
Deteriorates quickly when storage conditions are poor.
Causes some men difficulty in maintaining erection.
Long Acting and Permanent Methods
Intrauterine Device (IUD)

Implants
Female sterilization
Vasectomy
Intrauterine Device
Effective for at least 12 years
Copper ions decrease sperm motility and function
Intrauterine device: Advantages
Highly effective
Very safe
Reversible and economical
May be safely used by lactating and immediate
postpartum women
Intrauterine device: Advantages

Long duration of use
Once inserted they are convenient and extremely easy to
use.
Allows privacy and control over her fertility.
Does not interact with medications
No systemic side effects
Intrauterine device: Disadvantages

Requires pa pelvic exam to insert the IUD.
Does not protect against STIs
Device may be expelled
Female Sterilization
Known as Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL)
Safe and simple surgical procedure to tie and cut the 2
fallopian tubes located on both sides of the uterus.
99.5% effective
Bilateral Tubal Ligation: Advantages
Very effective
Permanent
Nothing to remember
No supplies needed
Bilateral Tubal Ligation: Advantages
No interference with sex

Increase sexual enjoyment
No hormonal side effects
No effect on breast milk
Bilateral Tubal Ligation: Disadvantages

Requires minor surgery
Irreversible
Bilateral Tubal Ligation: Disadvantages

Greater risk for ectopic pregnancy if pregnancy
happens (very rare)
Does not protect against STIs, HIV/AIDS
Male Sterilization
Also known as Vasectomy
Provides permanent contraception
Safe, simple and quick surgical procedure
Male Sterilization
Involves tying and cutting a segment of the 2 vas which
carries sperm
99.9% very effective
Vasectomy: Advantages
Very effective
Permanent
Nothing to remember
Vasectomy: Advantages
No interference with sex

Increase sexual enjoyment
No supplies needed
No known long-term side effects
Vasectomy: Disadvantages
Require minor surgery by a specially trained health care
provided
Irreversible
Vasectomy: Disadvantages
Not immediately effective. at least 3 months after the
procedure
Does not protect against STI, HIV/AIDS

Family Planning
Key Facts

Basic Principles
Benefits
Types
Thank You for Listening!

Family Planning: Topics to discuss

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Family Planning: Topics to discuss

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Family Planning

Rosebella Butoy, R.M.