Modal Analysis of A Single Cylinder

Four-Stroke Engine Crankshaft

Index

Engine
Modal analysis
Free frequency mode
Fixed frequency mode
Conclusion

Engine

Crank shaft
Crankshafts can be made in a single piece or assembled from
several pieces
Crankshafts can be forged from a steel bar usually through roll
forging or cast in ductile steel.
Crankshafts can also be machined out of a billet, often a bar of
high quality vacuum
remelted steel
Heat treatment will be
done to improve the life

Modal analysis
Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of
structures under vibrational excitation.
When a body vibrates at its natural frequency resonance
occurs
Natural frequencies can be determined by model analysis
Inherent vibration modes in structural components can shorten
equipment life
A mode is a deformed shape which occur at its natural
frequency

Cntd..
A modal analysis solves an equation for which there is no
applied load
A modal analysis gives us specific information on the
characteristics of the structure instead of reporting a response
What a modal analysis tells us is at which frequency the
structure will absorb all the energy applied to it, and what the
shape looks like which corresponds to this frequency.
The modal analysis is to be done in two cases i.e., freefrequency and frequency analysis.

specification of the engine and crankshaft

Capacity 395 cc
Number of Cylinders 1
Bore x Stroke 86 x 68 mm
Compression Ratio 18:1
Maximum Power 8.1hp @ 3600 rpm
Maximum Torque 16.7 Nm @ 2200 rpm
Maximum gas pressure 25 bar

Cntd

Crank pin radius 22.6mm

Shaft Diameter 34.925mm
Thickness of the Crank web 21.336mm
Bore diameter 53.73mm
Length of the crank pin 43.6mm
Maximum pressure 35bar
Connecting rod length 120.78mm
Distance of C.G of connecting rod from crank end
centre 28.6mm

Free frequency
Mode

Frequency (Hz)

4.8e-4

9.2e-4

3.1e-3

2.6e-3

1044.8

1253

1850

10

1933

Mode shapes- free frequency

Bearing support
Mode

Frequency (Hz)

2632.8

2679.6

3738.3

4347.7

4586.6

5016.8

5149.8

5662.6

7568

10

8062

Conclusion
In free-frequency case the resonance frequency is
1044.8Hz at 7th mode. When the engine running at the
high speed, the driving frequency is mearly 100Hz. As
the lowest natural frequency is far higher than driving
frequency, possibility of resonance is rare.
In frequency case the minimum frequency occurred at 1 st
mode is 2632.8Hz, the maximum frequency occurred at 10th
node is 8062Hz.

Thank you