Hay bay to chnh

kien cua mnh trong

gi hoc. ieu o
chnh la t giup
mnh tien bo trong
hoc tap

CC K HIU TRONG M NHC

MC TIU:
Kin thc: - HS bit c cc k hiu thng
dng trong m nhc.
K nng:
- Vn dng c trong ghi chp cc
bi ht, bn nhc.
Thi : - Tch cc trong giao tip s phm.

Ky hieu am, khuong

nhac, khoa nhac
. Ky hieu am
Am nhac khong viet c bang
ky t, muon ghi chep am nhac
ngi ta dung cac hnh o van
ac hoac rong co uoi hoac
khong co uoi (goi la not nhac)
e the hien tren khuong nhac

Khuong nhac

Khuong nhac la nam dong ke

song song cach eu nhau. Co
nam dong va bon khe chnh c
anh so th t t di len.
Ngoai ra con co cac dong ke
phu tren va di khuong nhac
e ghi cac not nhac cao hn hoac
thap hn, nhng so dong ke phu
khong qua nam dong

Khi e the hien cho nhieu ngi hat

hoac nhac cu bieu dien nhieu be
khac nhau ngi ta dung ky hieu vach
au khuong (goi la dau Ac-co-lat)

Khoa nhac
la ky hieu at au khuong nhac
dung e an nh mot cao o trong
hang am, t o co the suy ra cac cao
o khac. Co nhieu loai khoa nhac nh :
khoa sol, khoa fa, khoa o,... nhng
dung pho bien nhat la khoa sol.
a. Khoa Sol2 : dung e an nh not
sol nam tren dong ke th 2.

Khoa Fa4 : dung e an nh not

fa nam tren dong ke th 4.

Khoa o3 : dung e an nh
not o nam tren dong ke th
3.

V tr cc nt nhc c kha sol

V tr cc nt nhc c kha fa

V tr cc nt nhc c kha

Cao o
Gia hai bac co cung ten goi la
quang tam. Ngi ta chia quang tam
o thanh 12 phan bang nhau, moi
phan la 1/2 cung, th t cac
nguyen cung (1 cung) va cac ban
cung (1/2 cung) c sap xep theo quy
luat sau:
C

Dau hoa
. Khai niem: Dau hoa la ky
hieu at au khuong nhac
hoac at trc mot not nhac
dung e bao hieu s thay oi
ve cao o cua not nhac cung
ten vi dau. Co 5 loai dau hoa
o la dau thang (#), dau giang
(b), dau thang kep (x), dau giang
kep (bb) va dau hoan ()

Hoa bieu
v tr au khuong nhac ngi ta
ghi khoa nhac, cac dau hoa va so
ch nhp goi la hoa bieu. Cac dau
hoa at tren hoa bieu goi la
dau hoa suot, neu chung at
v tr not nao th trong suot ca ban
nhac not o phai thang len, giang
xuong hoac hoan tra lai cao o cu
tuy theo dau hoa o an nh.

*Dau hoa bat

thng
. Cac

dau hoa at trc mot

not nhac ch anh hng trc
tiep en not nhac o va
cac not nhac cung ten
ng sau no trong cung mot
o nhp goi la dau hoa bat
thng.

Dau thang # (die)

. La loai dau hoa at tren hoa
bieu hoac at trc mot not
nhac co tac dung nang cao o
cac not nhac cung ten vi
dau thang len 1/2 cung.

Dau giang : b
(bemon)
La loai dau hoa at tren hoa
bieu hoac at trc mot not
nhac co tac dung ha cao o
cua cac not nhac cung ten
vi dau giang xuong 1/2 cung.

V d

Dau thang kep: (x)

. La loai dau hoa c at
trc mot not nhac co tac
dung nang cao o cua not nhac
cung ten vi dau thang len 1
cung ( t dung ).

Dau giang kep: (bb)

La loai dau hoa dung e at
trc mot not nhac co tac
dung ha cao o cua not nhac
cung ten vi dau giang xuong
1 cung (t dung) .

Dau hoan: (bnh)

(beka)

Khi cac not nhac a c thang

len hoac giang xuong roi, neu
muon chung tr ve cao o cu ta
dung dau hoan. Dau hoan cung
c at 2 v tr khac nhau:
-Neu at tren hoa bieu co tac
dung huy bo hoa bieu ng trc
no (goi la thay oi hoa bieu) .
-Neu at trc mot not nhac co
tac dung huy bo anh hng cua
dau hoa oi vi not nhac o.

V d

Trat t cua cac dau

thang:
. cac dau thang lan lt xuat
hien tren hoa bieu theo th t
t trai sang phai la:
FA O SOL RE LA MI SI .

Trat t cua cac dau

giang:
Cac dau giang lan lt xuat
hien tren hoa bieu theo th t
t trai sang phai la :
SI MI LA RE SOL O FA
.

. Trng o
Dau ngan: la ky hieu ch o ngan
vang cua am thanh.
Ky hieu va ten goi: co 7 hnh not
nhac dung e ch trng o nh sau :

Gia tr trng o:
Gia tr trng o cua mot hnh not
nhac bang 2 lan gia tr trng o cua
hnh not nhac ng lien ke sau no

Dau lang:
La ky hieu dung e ch s
ngng vang cua am thanh trong
am nhac. Ngi ta dung dau
lang e ngat cau, chuyen oan
hoac dung e cau truc hnh
tng am nhac.
Ky hieu va ten goi:

Gia tr trng o:
Khi gap ky hieu dau lang ngi
an hoac hat phai ngng ngh
mot khoang thi gian ung
bang thi gian cua dau ngan
tng ng.

Cac dau lam tang them gia

tr trng o:
a. Dau cham doi n: la dau
cham nho at ben phai mot
not nhac hoac dau lang co
tac dung lam tang them 1/2
gia tr trng o cua not nhac
hoac dau lang o.
V du:

Dau cham doi kep:

la hai cham nho at ben phai
mot not nhac hoac dau lang
co tac dung lam tang them 3/4
gia tr trng o cua chnh not
nhac hoac dau lang o.
V du:

Dau noi
c ky hieu bang hnh vong
cung dung e noi cac not nhac
co cung cao o. Khi gap dau
noi ngi an hoac hat ch
bieu dien vao not nhac au
tien roi ngan dai cho u trng
o cac not nhac thuoc pham vi
dau noi.
V du :

Du luyn
c ky hieu bang hnh vong
cung dung e noi cac not nhac
khong cung cao o. Khi gap
dau luyen ta phai luyen giong
lien hi cho ung vi cao o va
trng o cac not nhac nam
trong dau luyen.
V du:

Dau mien nhp:

at tren hoac di mot not
nhac hay dau lang cho phep
ngi bieu dien t y ngan dai
hay ngng ngh tai not nhac hay
dau lang o ma van am
bao tnh nghe thuat cao.
V du:

Am to iem: (not hoa

my)
c ky hieu bang nhng not
nho (Petinot) di dang moc n
co gach cheo hoac dang moc
kep noi lien nhau co vach
ngang. Am to iem khong co
gia tr trng o trong o nhp
ma no hien dien .
V du :

Dau nhac lai

a. Nhac lai mot hnh net giai ieu:
Neu trong mot o nhp co nhng
hnh net giai ieu giong nhau ngi
ta khong can viet ca ma ch thay
bang nhng trng o
V du :
thay cho hnh nt mc kp

thay cho hnh nt mc n

. Nhac lai mot o

nhp:
ngi ta dung dau % e nhac lai
o nhp neu o nhp o giong o
nhp trc.
V du :

. Nhac lai oan nhac :

Dung e nhac lai oan nhac,
khi gap dau nhac lai ta tien
hanh theo s o sau :

. Nhac lai co khung thay

oi: (Von-ta)
Nhac lai oan nhac co khung thay oi
nham bao cho ngi bieu dien biet
rang sau khi nhac lai oan nhac can
bo han cac o nhp t khung thay oi
so 1 tr i ma ch an hoac hat
vao cac o nhp t khung thay oi so
2 tr i cho en het bai. Neu nhac
lai lan hai th bo qua khung thay oi so
1 va so 2 e an hoac hat tiep vao
khung thay oi so 3 cho en het bai.
V du:

Dau hoi:
Dung e nhac lai toan bo tac
pham am nhac t au en
Luhet
y : Neu
can nhac lai t au cho en cho
bai.

het (Fine) th cuoi ban nhac ngi ta ghi : DC al

fine va ghi ch Fine cho can cham dt.
V du :

Dau Coda:
Thng dung cho tac pham am
nhac co oan ket. Khi gap dau
Coda ngi bieu dien bo han
oan nhac t dau Coda th nhat
tr i ma ch an hoac hat
tiep vao oan nhac t dau Coda
th hai tr i cho en het bai.

Lu y :
Neu trong mot ban nhac co s
dung cac dau viet tat nh dau
nhac lai, dau hoi, Coda, th ta lan
lt s dung dau nhac lai tiep
theo la dau hoi roi en dau Coda.
V d:

Cach ghi am cho tac

pham am nhac

Nguyen tac chung:

- Not nhac nam pha tren dong ke 3
uoi quay xuong.
- Not nhac nam di dong ke 3 uoi
quay len.
- Not nhac nam dong ke 3 th tuy
theo cac not xung quanh ma quay
uoi len hoac xuong cho ep.
- Moc cua not nhac luon nam pha
phai uoi nhac
.V du:

Cch ghi m cho tc phm thanh nhc

Moi ca t ch ng vi mot
not nhac va phai viet tach ri
cac not nhac, ch dung vach
ngang trng o cho cac nhom
not nhac nam trong dau luyen.

Cch ghi m cho kh nhc

Chc cc bn thnh cng!