Titrations

Yellow Group

Neutralization Reactions
When an acid and a base are mixed
together, the low pH and the high pH
cancel each other out
Acid + Base Water + Salt

Neutralization Reactions
(Cont.)
H Cl

+ OH
Na

Neutralization Reactions
(Cont.)
HCl

+NaOH

H2O

Neutralization Reactions
(Cont.)
HCl

NaOH

H2O

NaCl

Titration
Titration is a method of determining
concentration of an acid or
a base
You are given the formula, volume,
and concentration of one chemical
and the formula and volume of the
other

Titration- Setting Up the Experiment

One substance, with the unknown,
goes in an Erlenmeyer flask
Add a pH indicator to it
The other substance goes in a buret
with a stopcock, which causes it to
drip slowly into the flask
Titrant

Titrand

Burette/Buret
A pipette for dispensing liquid at a
steady rate
Read from the top down

Titration- Doing the

Experiment
Let the titrant (in buret) drip into the
titrand (in flask)/indicator mixture
Let it drip until the indicator says the
pH is neutral
Measure how much of the base has
dripped into the acid
Do some math

Link to Online Lab

Titration Curves
As you titrate a compound, the pH will
change slowly, then quickly, and then
slowly again
You want to stop titrating
when the pH is 7, according
to the indicator which
changes color as you titrate
When you get to pH 7,
stop titrating and measure how much
youve
dripped

Titration- The Math

(a for acid, b for base

n = number of OH-/H+ in the molecule

n of H3SO4 is 3, n of Fe(OH)2 is 2

M = molarity, or concentration
The problem will specify the molarity dont
worry about it

V = volume, how much chemical there is

This formula only works when the pH is 7!!!


of HNO3 is 1
= 1.55 M
= 15.65-10.10 = 5.55 mL
of KOH is 1
= unknown
= 25.00 mL


of HNO3 is 1
= 1.55 M
= 15.65-10.10 = 5.55 mL
of KOH is 1
= unknown
= 25.00 mL

1*1.55*5.55 = 1*x*25.00
8.6025 = 25x
0.344 M = x

Titration Curve

Volume of HNO3 Added